01
Ungalibona kanjani inani lezendlalelo ze-pcb
Njengoba izingqimba ezihlukahlukene ku-PCB zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile, ngokuvamile akulula ukubona inombolo yangempela, kodwa uma uqaphela ngokucophelela iphutha lebhodi, usengakwazi ukulihlukanisa.
Ngokucophelela, sizothola ukuthi kukhona ungqimba olulodwa noma eziningana zezinto ezimhlophe phakathi kwe-PCB. Eqinisweni, lolu ungqimba oluvikelayo oluphakathi kwezendlalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngeke kube nezinkinga zesifunda esifushane phakathi kwezendlalelo ezihlukene ze-PCB.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi amabhodi e-PCB anezingqimba eziningi amanje asebenzisa amabhodi ezintambo anezinhlangothi ezimbili ngaphezulu, futhi ungqimba lwe-insulating layer lubekwe phakathi kongqimba ngalunye bese lucindezelwa ndawonye. Inani lezendlalelo zebhodi le-PCB limelela ukuthi zingaki izendlalelo ezikhona. Isendlalelo sezintambo ezizimele, kanye nongqimba oluvikelayo phakathi kwezingqimba seluphenduke indlela enembile yethu yokwahlulela inani lezendlalelo ze-PCB.
Indlela yembobo yomhlahlandlela isebenzisa “imbobo yomhlahlandlela” ku-PCB ukuhlonza inani lezendlalelo ze-PCB. Umgomo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ekuxhumekeni kwesekethe ye-PCB ye-multilayer. Uma sifuna ukubona ukuthi zingaki izingqimba i-PCB enazo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokubheka izimbobo.Ku-PCB eyisisekelo (ibhodi lomama elinohlangothi olulodwa), izingxenye zigxilwe ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanti izintambo zigxilile ngakolunye uhlangothi. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ibhodi elinezingqimba eziningi, udinga ukubhoboza izimbobo ebhodini ukuze izikhonkwane zengxenye zidlule ebhodini ziye kolunye uhlangothi, ukuze izimbobo zomshayeli zingene ebhodini le-PCB, ukuze sibone ukuthi izikhonkwane izingxenye zithengiswa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe.
Isibonelo, uma ibhodi isebenzisa ibhodi le-4-layer, udinga ukuhambisa izintambo ezingqimbeni zokuqala nezesine (ungqimba lwesignali). Ezinye izendlalelo zinokunye ukusetshenziswa (ungqimba lomhlabathi kanye nongqimba lwamandla). Beka isendlalelo sesignali phezu kwesendlalelo samandla futhi Inhloso yezinhlangothi ezimbili zongqimba lomhlabathi ukuvimbela ukuphazanyiswa okuhlangene kanye nokwenza lula ukulungiswa komugqa wesignali.
Uma ezinye izimbobo zomhlahlandlela wekhadi lebhodi zivela ohlangothini olungaphambili lwebhodi le-PCB kodwa zingatholakali ohlangothini olungemuva, i-EDA365 Electronics Forum ikholelwa ukuthi kufanele kube ibhodi elinezingqimba ezingu-6/8. Uma okufanayo ngezimbobo kungatholakala ezinhlangothini zombili ze-PCB, ngokwemvelo kuzoba ibhodi elinezingqimba ezi-4.
Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi bamakhadi ebhodi okwamanje basebenzisa enye indlela yomzila, okuwukuxhuma kuphela eminye yemigqa, futhi basebenzisa ama-vias agqitshiwe kanye nezimpumputhe emzileni. Izimbobo eziyizimpumputhe ziwukuxhuma izingqimba ezimbalwa ze-PCB yangaphakathi ku-PCB engaphezulu ngaphandle kokungena kulo lonke ibhodi lesifunda.
Ama-Vis angcwatshwe kuphela axhumeka ku-PCB yangaphakathi, ukuze angabonakali ukusuka phezulu. Njengoba imbobo eyimpumputhe ingadingi ukungena kuyo yonke i-PCB, uma kuyizendlalelo eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu, bheka ibhodi elibheke emthonjeni wokukhanya, futhi ukukhanya ngeke kudlule. Ngakho-ke bekunesisho esidume kakhulu ngaphambili: ukwahlulela izendlalelo ezine nezingqimba eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu kwama-PCB ngokuthi ukukhanya kwe-vias kuyavuza.
Kunezizathu zale ndlela, kodwa ayisebenzi. Iforamu ye-elektroniki ye-EDA365 ikholelwa ukuthi le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuphela njengendlela yokubhekisela.
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Indlela yokuqongelela
Ukunemba, lena akuyona indlela, kodwa isipiliyoni. Kodwa lokhu sicabanga ukuthi kunembile. Singahlulela inani lezendlalelo ze-PCB ngokusebenzisa imikhondo yamanye amabhodi e-PCB asesidlangalaleni kanye nokuma kwezingxenye. Ngoba embonini yamanje yehadiwe ye-IT eshintsha ngokushesha, abekho abakhiqizi abaningi abakwazi ukuklama kabusha ama-PCB.
Isibonelo, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inombolo enkulu yamakhadi wehluzo angama-9550 aklanywe ngama-PCB anezingqimba ezi-6 asetshenziswa. Uma uqaphele, ungaqhathanisa ukuthi ihluke kangakanani ku-9600PRO noma 9600XT. Vele ushiye ezinye izingxenye, futhi ugcine ukuphakama okufanayo ku-PCB.
Eminyakeni yawo-1990 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kwakunesisho esasisakazekile ngaleso sikhathi: Isibalo sezingqimba ze-PCB singabonakala ngokubeka i-PCB iqondile, futhi abantu abaningi bayikholelwa. Lesi sitatimende kamuva sabonakala siwumbudane. Ngisho noma inqubo yokukhiqiza ngaleso sikhathi yayihlehlisiwe, iso lalingakwazi kanjani ukulitshela likude kunezinwele?
Kamuva, le ndlela yaqhubeka futhi yashintshwa, futhi kancane kancane yashintsha enye indlela yokulinganisa. Namuhla, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukukala inani lezendlalelo ze-PCB ngamathuluzi okulinganisa anembayo afana “nama-vernier calipers”, futhi asihambisani nalesi sitatimende.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lukhona yini lolo hlobo lwensimbi enembayo, kungani singaboni ukuthi i-PCB enezingqimba eziyi-12 iwugqinsi ophindwe izikhathi ezi-3 kunogqinsi lwe-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4? I-EDA365 Electronics Forum ikhumbuza wonke umuntu ukuthi ama-PCB ahlukene azosebenzisa izinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Alikho izinga elifanayo lokulinganisa. Indlela yokwahlulela inani lezendlalelo ngokusekelwe kubukhulu?
Eqinisweni, inani lezendlalelo ze-PCB linethonya elikhulu ebhodini. Isibonelo, kungani udinga okungenani izendlalelo eziyisi-6 ze-PCB ukuze ufake i-dual CPU? Ngenxa yalokhu, i-PCB ingaba nezingqimba zesignali ezi-3 noma ezi-4, ungqimba olu-1 lomhlabathi, kanye nezingqimba zamandla ezi-1 noma ezi-2. Khona-ke imigqa yesignali ingahlukaniswa kude ngokwanele ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka okufanayo, futhi kukhona ukunikezwa kwamanje okwanele.
Nokho, idizayini ye-PCB enezingqimba ezi-4 yanele ngokuphelele amabhodi avamile, kuyilapho i-PCB enezingqimba ezi-6 ibiza kakhulu futhi ayinakho ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuningi.