Umthombo wesignali unganikeza amasignali okuhlola anembile futhi azinze kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola zesistimu. Ijeneretha yesiginali yengeza umsebenzi wokushintshashintsha onembile, ongasiza ukulingisa isignali yesistimu nokwenza ukuhlola kokusebenza komamukeli. Kokubili isignali ye-vector kanye nomthombo wesiginali ye-RF kungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wesiginali yokuhlola. Ngezansi sinezici zabo siqu ngaphansi kokuhlaziywa.
Umthombo wesignali unganikeza amasignali okuhlola anembile futhi azinze kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola zesistimu. Ijeneretha yesiginali yengeza umsebenzi wokushintshashintsha onembile, ongasiza ukulingisa isignali yesistimu nokwenza ukuhlola kokusebenza komamukeli. Kokubili isignali ye-vector kanye nomthombo wesiginali ye-RF kungasetshenziswa njengomthombo wesiginali yokuhlola. Ngezansi sinezici zabo siqu ngaphansi kokuhlaziywa.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesignali ye-vector nomthombo wesiginali ye-RF?
1. Isingeniso Somthombo Wesiginali yeVector
Ijeneretha yesignali yevekhtha yavela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, futhi yasebenzisa indlela yokuguqula imvamisa yemvamisa emaphakathi ehlanganiswe nendlela yokuguqula imvamisa yerediyo yehle ukuze ikhiqize isignali yokushintshashintsha kwevekhtha. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa iyunithi ye-frequency synthesis ukukhiqiza isignali ye-oscillator yendawo ye-microwave eguquguqukayo eqhubekayo kanye nesignali yefrikhwensi ephakathi nendawo. Isignali yefrikhwensi emaphakathi kanye nesignali ye-baseband ingena kumoduli ivekhtha ukuze kukhiqizwe isignali eguquliwe ivekhtha yefrikhwensi ephakathi nefrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi egxilile (ifrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi imvamisa yesignali yephoyinti yefrikhwensi). isignali. Isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo iqukethe imininingwane ye-baseband efanayo neyesiginali yokushintshashintsha kwe-vector frequency frequency. Isiginali ye-RF ibe isiba nesiginali-conditioning futhi ishintshwe yiyunithi yokumisa isignali, bese ithunyelwa embobeni yokuphumayo ukuze ikhishwe.
Iyunithi encanyana ye-Vector signal generator synthesis, isignali conditioning sub-unit, i-analog modulation system nezinye izici ziyafana nejeneretha yesiginali evamile. Umehluko phakathi kwejeneretha yesiginali ye-vector kanye nejeneretha yesiginali evamile iyunithi yokumodulisa ivekhtha kanye neyunithi yokukhiqiza isignali ye-baseband.
Njengokushintshashintsha kwe-analog, ukuguquguquka kwedijithali nakho kunezindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi i-amplitude modulation, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nokuguqulwa kwemvamisa. I-modulator ye-vector ngokuvamile iqukethe amayunithi amane asebenzayo: iyunithi yendawo ye-oscillator 90 ° isigaba-shifting power division iguqula isignali ye-RF yokufaka ibe amasignali e-RF amabili e-orthogonal; amayunithi amabili okuxuba aguqula isiginali ye-baseband esesigabeni kanye nesignali ye-quadrature Phindaphinda ngesignali ye-RF ehambisanayo ngokulandelanayo; iyunithi yokuhlanganisa amandla ihlanganisa amasignali amabili ngemva kokuphindaphinda nokuphuma. Ngokuvamile, zonke izimbobo zokufaka nokuphumayo zinqanyulwa ngaphakathi ngomthwalo ongu-50Ω futhi zisebenzisa indlela yokushayela yesignali ehlukile ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa yimbuyiselo kwembobo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-modulator ye-vector.
Iyunithi ekhiqiza isignali ye-baseband isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isignali ye-baseband edingwa ngokwedijithali, futhi i-waveform enikezwe umsebenzisi ingadawunilodeka kumemori ye-waveform ukuze kukhiqizwe ifomethi echazwe umsebenzisi. Ijeneretha yesignali ye-baseband ngokuvamile iqukethe iphrosesa eqhumayo, ijeneretha yedatha, igenerator yezimpawu, isihlungi se-finite impulse response (FIR), i-resampler yedijithali, i-DAC, nesihlungi sokwakha kabusha.
2. Ukwethulwa komthombo wesiginali ye-RF
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuhlanganiswa kwamafrikhwensi buvamise ukusebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa engaqondile ukuxhuma imvamisa yomthombo wokudlidliza oyinhloko kanye nemvamisa yomthombo wefrikhwensi yereferensi ngokusebenzisa iluphu evalwe ngesigaba. Idinga imishini yehadiwe encane, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, kanye nebanga elibanzi lokuvama. Umnyombo wayo uyiluphu evalwe ngesigaba, futhi umthombo wesiginali ye-RF umqondo obanzi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngokuvamile, noma yimuphi umthombo wesignali ongakhiqiza isignali ye-RF ungagibela umthombo wesiginali ye-RF. Imithombo yamanje yesiginali ye-vector iningi layo iku-RF band, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi imithombo yesignali ye-vector RF.
Okwesithathu, umehluko phakathi kwamasignali amabili
1. Umthombo wesignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo usetshenziswa kuphela ukwenza amasignali efrikhwensi yomsakazo we-analogi eyodwa, futhi ngokuvamile awusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amasignali ashintshiwe, ikakhulukazi amasignali amodulilwe edijithali. Lolu hlobo lomthombo wesignali ngokuvamile luba nebhendi yefrikhwensi ebanzi kanye nobubanzi obunamandla obuguquguqukayo.
2. Umthombo wesignali ye-vector usetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amasignali e-vector, okungukuthi, amasignali okushintshashintshayo avame ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwedijithali, njengokumodulation kwe-l / Q: ASK, FSK, MSK, PSK, QAM, I / Q, 3GPPLTE FDD kanye TDD, 3GPPFDD / HSPA / HSPA +, GSM / EDGE / EDGE evolution, TD-SCDMA, WiMAX? Nezinye izindinganiso. Ngomthombo wesignali yevekhtha, ngenxa yemoduli yebhendi yangaphakathi, imvamisa ayibi kakhulu (cishe i-6GHz). Inkomba ehambisanayo ye-modulator yayo (njenge-bandwidth yesignali ye-baseband eyakhelwe ngaphakathi) kanye nenani lamashaneli esignali iyinkomba ebalulekile.
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