Kulezi zinsuku, ukuthambekela okwandayo kokubumbana kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi kudinga idizayini enezinhlangothi ezintathu zamabhodi esekethe aphrintelwe izendlalelo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukupakishwa kwezingqimba kuphakamisa izinkinga ezintsha ezihlobene nalo mbono wokuklama. Enye yezinkinga ukuthola iphrojekthi enezingqimba ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Njengoba izifunda eziphrintiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ezakhiwe izingqimba eziningi zikhiqizwa, ukupakishwa kwama-PCB sekubaluleke kakhulu.

Idizayini yesitaki ye-PCB enhle ibalulekile ukuze kwehliswe imisebe yezihibe ze-PCB namasekhethi ahlobene. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunqwabelana okubi kungase kukhulise kakhulu imisebe, eyingozi ngokombono wokuphepha.
Siyini isitaki se-PCB?
Ngaphambi kokuthi umklamo wokugcina wesakhiwo uqedwe, i-PCB stackup layers isivikelo nethusi le-PCB. Ukuthuthukisa ukunqwabelanisa okuphumelelayo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. I-PCB ixhuma amandla namasignali phakathi kwamadivayisi aphathekayo, futhi ukubekwa okulungile kwezinto zebhodi lesifunda kuthinta ngqo umsebenzi wayo.

Kungani sidinga laminate PCB?
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PCB stackup kubalulekile ekuklameni amabhodi esekethe asebenzayo. I-PCB stackup inezinzuzo eziningi, ngoba ukwakheka kwezendlalelo eziningi kungathuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, kuvimbele ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe kagesi, kukhawulele ukuphazamiseka okuphambene, futhi kusekele ukudluliswa kwesignali enesivinini esikhulu.

Nakuba inhloso eyinhloko yokunqwabelanisa iwukubeka amasekhethi kagesi amaningi ebhodini elilodwa ngokusebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi, isakhiwo esistakiwe sama-PCB siphinde sinikeze ezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile. Lezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa ukunciphisa ukuba sengozini kwamabhodi esekethe emsindweni wangaphandle kanye nokunciphisa izinkinga ze-crosstalk kanye ne-impedance ezinhlelweni zesivinini esikhulu.

Isitaki se-PCB esihle singasiza ekuqinisekiseni izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza. Ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kwayo yonke iphrojekthi, ukupakishwa kwe-PCB kungonga isikhathi nemali ngempumelelo.

Izinyathelo zokuqapha kanye nemithetho ye-PCB laminate design
● Inani lezendlalelo
Ukupakisha okulula kungase kuhlanganise ama-PCB anezendlalelo ezine, kuyilapho amabhodi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu adinga ukuqeqeshwa okulandelanayo okuqeqeshiwe. Nakuba kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, inani eliphakeme lezendlalelo livumela abaklami ukuthi babe nendawo eyengeziwe yokuhlela ngaphandle kokwandisa ingozi yokuhlangabezana nezixazululo ezingenakwenzeka.

Ngokuvamile, izingqimba eziyisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ziyadingeka ukuze kutholwe ilungiselelo lesendlalelo esingcono kakhulu nesikhala ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza. Ukusebenzisa izindiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezindiza ezisebenza ngogesi kumabhodi anezingqimba eziningi nakho kunganciphisa imisebe.

● Ukuhlelwa kwesendlalelo
Ukuhlelwa kongqimba lwethusi kanye nongqimba oluvikelayo olwakha isekethe lwakha ukusebenza kokugqagqana kwe-PCB. Ukuze uvimbele ukungqubuzana kwe-PCB, kuyadingeka ukwenza ingxenye yebhodi ibe yi-symmetrical futhi ilinganisele lapho ubeka izendlalelo. Isibonelo, ebhodini lezingqimba eziyisishiyagalombili, ubukhulu bezendlalelo zesibili nezesikhombisa kufanele bufane nokufeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu.

Isendlalelo sesignali kufanele sihlale siseduze nendiza, kuyilapho indiza yamandla nendiza yekhwalithi kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izindiza eziningi zomhlaba, ngoba ngokuvamile zinciphisa imisebe kanye ne-impedance ephansi yomhlabathi.

● Uhlobo lwempahla yesendlalelo
Izakhiwo ezishisayo, zemishini, kanye nezikagesi ze-substrate ngayinye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo zibalulekile ekukhetheni izinto ze-PCB laminate.

Ibhodi lesifunda ngokuvamile lakhiwa ingilazi eqinile ye-fiber substrate core, ehlinzeka ngokushuba kanye nokuqina kwe-PCB. Amanye ama-PCB avumelana nezimo angase enziwe ngamapulasitiki aguquguqukayo asezingeni eliphezulu.

Ungqimba olungaphezulu luyi-foil encane eyenziwe nge-foil yethusi enamathiselwe ebhodini. Ithusi likhona nhlangothi zombili ze-PCB enezinhlangothi ezimbili, futhi ubukhulu bekhopha buyahlukahluka kuye ngenani lezendlalelo zesitaki se-PCB.

Mboza ingaphezulu le-foil yethusi nge-solder mask ukuze wenze iminonjana yethusi ixhumane nezinye izinsimbi. Le nto ebalulekile ibalulekile ukusiza abasebenzisi bagweme ukuhlanganisa indawo efanele yezintambo ze-jumper.

Isendlalelo sokuphrinta isikrini sisetshenziswa kumaski e-solder ukwengeza izimpawu, izinombolo nezinhlamvu ukuze kube lula ukuhlangana nokuvumela abantu ukuthi baliqonde kangcono ibhodi lesifunda.

● Thola izintambo kanye nezimbobo
Abaklami kufanele bahambise amasignali anesivinini esiphezulu kungqimba oluphakathi phakathi kwezendlalelo. Lokhu kuvumela indiza yaphansi ukuthi inikeze isivikelo esiqukethe imisebe ekhishwa kumzila ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ukubekwa kwezinga lesignali eduze neleveli yendiza kuvumela ukubuya kwamanje ukuthi kugeleze endizeni eseduze, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa inductance yendlela yokubuya. Awekho amandla okwanele phakathi kwamandla aseduze nezindiza eziphansi ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuhlanganisa okungaphansi kuka-500 MHz kusetshenziswa amasu okwakha ajwayelekile.

● Isikhala phakathi kwezingqimba
Ngenxa yokuncipha kwamandla, ukuhlanganisa okuqinile phakathi kwesignali nendiza ebuyayo yamanje kubalulekile. Amandla nezindiza eziphansi kufanele futhi kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile ndawonye.

Izendlalelo zesignali kufanele zihlale zisondelene ngisho noma zitholakala ezindizeni eziseduze. Ukuhlanganisa okuqinile kanye nesikhala phakathi kwezingqimba kubalulekile kumasignali angaphazamiseki kanye nokusebenza kukonke.

ngamafuphi
Kunemiklamo eminingi ehlukene yebhodi le-PCB ye-multilayer kubuchwepheshe bokupakisha be-PCB. Uma kuhileleke izendlalelo eziningi, indlela enezinhlangothi ezintathu ecabangela ukwakheka kwangaphakathi nokwakheka kwendawo kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Ngezivinini eziphakeme zokusebenza zamasekhethi esimanje, ukwakheka kwesitaki se-PCB okucophelelayo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okusabalalisa kanye nokukhawulela ukuphazamiseka. I-PCB eklanywe kabi ingase yehlise ukudluliswa kwesignali, ukwenziwa, ukudluliswa kwamandla, nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.