Kalula nje, i-PCB engenalutho ibhekisela ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe ngaphandle kwezimbobo noma izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-PCB angenalutho futhi ngezinye izikhathi abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-PCB. Ibhodi le-PCB elingenalutho lineziteshi eziyisisekelo kuphela, amaphethini, okokunamathela kwensimbi kanye ne-PCB substrate.

Iyini ukusetshenziswa kwebhodi le-PCB elingenalutho?
I-PCB engenalutho iwuhlaka lwamathambo ebhodi lesifunda lendabuko. Iqondisa zamanje kanye nezamanje ezindleleni ezifanele futhi isetshenziswa emishinini eminingi kagesi yekhompyutha.

Ubulula be-PCB engenalutho bunikeza onjiniyela nabaklami inkululeko eyanele yokwengeza izingxenye njengoba kudingeka. Leli bhodi elingenalutho linikeza ukuguquguquka futhi livumela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu.

Leli bhodi le-PCB lidinga umsebenzi wokuklama omningi kunezinye izindlela zokufaka izintambo, kodwa ngokuvamile lingenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuhlanganisa nokukhiqiza. Lokhu kwenza amabhodi e-PCB abe yinketho eshibhe futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ibhodi elingenalutho liwusizo kuphela ngemva kokwengeza izingxenye. Umgomo omkhulu we-PCB engenalutho wukuba ibhodi lesifunda eliphelele. Uma ifaniswe nezingxenye ezifanele, izoba nokusetshenziswa okuningi.

Nokho, lokhu akukona kuphela ukusetshenziswa PCB angenalutho amabhodi. I-PCB engenalutho iyisiteji esingcono kakhulu sokwenza ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho ohlelweni lokukhiqiza ibhodi lesifunda. Kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinkinga eziningi ezingase zenzeke esikhathini esizayo.
Kungani ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuhlola amabhodi angenalutho. Njengohlaka lwebhodi lesifunda, ukuhluleka kwebhodi le-PCB ngemva kokufakwa kuzodala izinkinga eziningi.

Nakuba kuvamile, i-PCB engenalutho ingase isivele inokukhubazeka ngaphambi kokwengeza izingxenye. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukujula ngokweqile, ukucwiliswa kancane kanye nezimbobo. Ngisho namaphutha amancane angabangela ukwehluleka kokukhiqiza.

Ngenxa yokwanda kokuminyana kwezingxenye, isidingo samabhodi e-PCB anezingqimba eziningi siyaqhubeka nokwanda, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa i-PCB enezingqimba eziningi, uma kwenzeka iphutha, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyilungisa.

Uma i-PCB engenalutho iwuhlaka lwamathambo ebhodi lesifunda, izingxenye ziyizitho nemisipha. Izingxenye zingabiza kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuba nohlaka oluqinile kungavimbela izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu ekumosheni.

Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-PCB yonakele?
Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene: ugesi kanye nokumelana.
Ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho nakho kucabangela ukuhlukaniswa nokuqhubeka kokuxhumeka kukagesi. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlukaniswa kukala ukuxhumana phakathi kokuxhumana okubili okuhlukene, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awekho amaphuzu avulekile angase aphazamise okwamanje.
Nakuba ukuhlolwa kukagesi kuvamile, ukuhlolwa kokumelana akuyona into engavamile. Ezinye izinkampani zizosebenzisa inhlanganisela yakho kokubili, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa isivivinyo esisodwa ngobumpumputhe.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana kuthumela i-current nge-conductor ukukala ukumelana nokugeleza. Ukuxhumana okude noma okuncane kuzoveza ukumelana okukhulu kunokuxhumana okufushane noma okushubile.
Ukuhlolwa kweqoqo
Emikhiqizweni enesilinganiso esithile sephrojekthi, abakhiqizi bebhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe ngokuvamile bazosebenzisa izinto ezingaguquki zokuhlola, ezibizwa ngokuthi “ama-test racks.” Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa izikhonkwane ezilayishwe intwasahlobo ukuhlola yonke indawo yokuxhumana ku-PCB.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-fixture test kusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi kungaqedwa emizuzwaneni embalwa nje. Ububi obuyinhloko yizindleko eziphezulu kanye nokuntuleka kokuguquguquka. Imiklamo ehlukene ye-PCB idinga ukulungiswa okuhlukile namaphinikhodi (afanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi).
Ukuhlolwa kwe-prototype
Ukuhlolwa kwe-flying probe ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa. Izingalo ezimbili zamarobhothi ezinezinduku zisebenzisa uhlelo lwesofthiwe ukuhlola uxhumo lwebhodi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwe-fixture, kuthatha isikhathi eside, kodwa kuyathengeka futhi kuyavumelana nezimo. Ukuhlola imiklamo ehlukene kulula njengokulayisha ifayela elisha.

Izinzuzo zokuhlola ibhodi elingenalutho
Ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho kunezinzuzo eziningi, ngaphandle kobubi obukhulu. Lesi sinyathelo senqubo yokukhiqiza singagwema izinkinga eziningi. Inani elincane lokutshalwa kwezimali ngaphambi kwesikhathi lingonga izindleko eziningi zokulungisa nokushintsha.

Ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho kusiza ukuthola izinkinga ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ukuthola inkinga kusenesikhathi kusho ukuthola umnyombo wenkinga futhi ukwazi ukuxazulula inkinga emsukeni wayo.

Uma inkinga itholakala kunqubo elandelayo, kuzoba nzima ukuthola inkinga yempande. Uma ibhodi le-PCB selimbozwe izingxenye, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa ukuthi yini ebangele inkinga. Ukuhlola kusenesikhathi kusiza ekuxazululeni imbangela eyinhloko.

Ukuhlola nakho kwenza yonke inqubo ibe lula. Uma izinkinga zitholwa futhi zixazululwa phakathi nesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwesibonelo, izigaba zokukhiqiza ezilandelayo zingaqhubeka ngaphandle kwesithiyo.

Yonga isikhathi sephrojekthi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho

Ngemuva kokwazi ukuthi ibhodi elingenalutho liyini, nokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho. Uzothola ukuthi nakuba inqubo yokuqala yephrojekthi ihamba kancane ngenxa yokuhlolwa, isikhathi esilondolozwe ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho lephrojekthi sikhulu kakhulu kunesikhathi esisetshenziswayo. Ukwazi ukuthi akhona yini amaphutha ku-PCB kungenza ukuxazulula inkinga okulandelayo kube lula.

Isigaba sokuqala yisikhathi esingabizi kakhulu sokuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho. Uma ibhodi lesifunda elihlanganisiwe lihluleka futhi ufuna ukulilungisa khona lapho, izindleko zokulahlekelwa zingase zibe phezulu izikhathi ezingamakhulu.

Uma i-substrate inenkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqhekeka kwayo kuzokhuphuka kakhulu. Uma izingxenye ezibizayo zidayiselwe i-PCB, ukulahlekelwa kuzokwenyuka. Ngakho-ke, kubi kakhulu ukuthola iphutha ngemuva kokuba ibhodi lesifunda liqoqwe. Izinkinga ezitholakele ngalesi sikhathi ngokuvamile ziholela ekukhishweni kwawo wonke umkhiqizo.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle nokunemba okuhlinzekwa ukuhlolwa, kuyafaneleka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwebhodi elingenalutho ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhiqiza. Phela, uma ibhodi lesifunda lokugcina lihluleka, izinkulungwane zezingxenye zingase zimoshwe.