I-Wiring ye-Wiring ephrintiwe (PCB) idlala indima ebalulekile emibuthanweni yejubane eliphezulu, kepha imvamisa ingenye yezinyathelo zokugcina kwinqubo yokuqamba yesifunda. Kunezinkinga eziningi nge-PCB Wiring ephezulu ye-PCB, futhi izincwadi eziningi zibhaliwe ngalesi sihloko. Lo mbhalo uxoxa ikakhulukazi ngentambo yemibuthano esheshe ngombono osebenzayo. Inhloso esemqoka ukusiza abasebenzisi abasha ukuthi banake izingqinamba eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezidinga ukubhekwa lapho ziklama ama-PCB we-PCB esheshayo we-PCB. Enye injongo ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokubuyekezwa kumakhasimende angazange athinte i-PCB wiring isikhashana. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esinqunyelwe, le ndatshana ayikwazi ukuxoxa ngazo zonke izingqinamba ngokuningiliziwe, kepha sizoxoxa ngezingxenye ezibalulekile ezinethonya elikhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwesifunda, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuqamba, nokusindisa isikhathi sokuguqulwa.

Yize ukugxila okuyinhloko lapha kumasekhethi ahlobene nama-amplifiers asheshe asebenza ngokusheshisa, izinkinga nezindlela okuxoxwe ngazo lapha zisebenza ngokujwayelekile kwi-wiring esetshenziswayo emidlalweni eminingi ye-analog ephezulu. Lapho i-amplifier yokusebenza isebenza kwi-frequency ende kakhulu yeRadio Frequency (RF), ukusebenza komjikelezo ikakhulukazi kuncike ekuhlelweni kwe-PCB. Imiklamo yesifunda esezingeni eliphakeme ebukeka kahle "imidwebo" ingathola kuphela ukusebenza okujwayelekile uma ithinteka ngokunganakekeli ngesikhathi sokuzithambisa. Ukucatshangelwa kwangaphambili nokunakwa imininingwane ebalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo ye-wiring kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okulindelekile kwesifunda.

Umdwebo we-Schematic

Yize icebo elihle alikwazi ukuqinisekisa i-wiring enhle, i-wiring enhle iqala ngohlelo oluhle. Cabanga ngokucophelela lapho udweba i-schematic, futhi kufanele ucabangele ukugeleza kwesiginali sawo wonke umjikelezo. Uma kunokugeleza kwesiginali ejwayelekile futhi ezinzile kusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla ku-schematic, khona-ke kufanele kube nokugeleza okuhle okufanayo kwi-PCB. Nikeza imininingwane ewusizo ngangokunokwenzeka kwi-schematic. Ngoba kwesinye isikhathi unjiniyela we-Circuit design awekho, amakhasimende azosicela ukuthi sisize ukuxazulula inkinga yesifunda, abaklami, onjiniyela nonjiniyela ababonge kulo msebenzi bazobonga kakhulu, kubandakanya nathi.

Ngaphezu kwezikhombisi ezejwayelekile zokuhlonza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokubekezelela iphutha, yiluphi ulwazi okufanele lunikezwe e-schematic? Nazi iziphakamiso zokuguqula ama-schematics ajwayelekile abe yi-schematics esezingeni lokuqala. Engeza ama-waveform, imininingwane emishini mayelana negobolondo, ubude bemigqa ephrintiwe, izindawo ezingenalutho; khombisa ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezidinga ukubekwa kwi-PCB; Nikeza imininingwane yokulungiswa, amabanga wenani lengxenye, imininingwane yokuhlanza ukushisa, ukulawula imigqa ephrintiwe, imibono, kanye nemicibisholo emfushane yesenzo sesenzo ... (nabanye).
Ungakholelwa muntu

Uma ungazange uklama ukuzimbathisa, qiniseka ukuvumela isikhathi esanele sokuhlola kahle ukwakheka komuntu we-wiring. Ukuvimbela okuncane kubiza amahlandla ayikhulu ikhambi okwamanje. Ungalindeli ukuthi umuntu onamaphiko aqonde imibono yakho. Umbono wakho nokuholwa kwakho kubaluleke kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zenqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-wiring. Imininingwane eminingi ongayinikeza, futhi lapho ungena khona kuyo yonke inqubo ye-wiring, i-PCB engcono izoba. Setha iphuzu lokuphothula amatende we-Wiring Design Engineer-Quick Check ngokombiko wentuthuko ye-wiring oyifunayo. Le ndlela "evaliwe yeLoop" ivimbela i-wiring ekudukazeni, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise amathuba okuba kabusha.

Imiyalo edinga ukunikezwa unjiniyela we-Wiring ifaka: Incazelo emfushane yomsebenzi wokujikeleza, umdwebo obonakalayo we-PCB ekhombisa ukuthi ibhodi lokufaka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okusetshenziswayo, i-analog isinali, isiginali ye-analog, isinali yedijithali); yiziphi amasiginali adingekayo kungqimba ngalunye; dinga ukubekwa kwezakhi ezibalulekile; indawo ngqo yezakhi ze-bypass; Yimiphi imigqa ephrintiwe ebalulekile; Yimiphi imigqa edinga ukulawula imigqa ephrintiwe; Yimiphi imigqa edinga ukufanisa ubude; usayizi wezakhi; Imiphi imigqa ephrintiwe idinga ukuba kude (noma eduze). Yimiphi imigqa edinga ukuba kude kakhulu (noma eduze). yiziphi izinto ezidinga ukude (noma zisondelene) komunye nomunye; Yiziphi izinto ezidinga ukubekwa ngaphezulu kwe-PCB, okubekwa yizo ezingezansi. Ungalokothi ukhononde ukuthi kunolwazi oluningi kakhulu kwabanye - okuncane kakhulu? Kuningi kakhulu? Ungenzi.

Isipiliyoni sokufunda: Cishe eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, ngahlela i-Multilayer Surface Parker Circuitur Board-kukhona izakhi ezinhlangothini zombili zeBhodi. Sebenzisa izikulufa eziningi ukulungisa ibhodi egobolondo le-aluminium legolide (ngoba kunezinkomba eziqinile zokulwa nokudlidliza). Izikhonkwane ezinikeza ukondliwa kwe-bias kudlule ebhodini. Le phini ixhumeke kwi-PCB nge-WOLdering izintambo. Le yidivaysi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ezinye izakhi ezisebhodini zisetshenziselwa ukusetha ukuhlolwa (SAT). Kepha ngichaze kahle indawo yalezi zinto. Ungaqagela ukuthi lezi zingxenye zifakwa kuphi? Ngendlela, ngaphansi kweBhodi. Lapho onjiniyela bomkhiqizo nochwepheshe bekufanele bahlukanise yonke inkemba futhi bazihlanganise kabusha ngemuva kokuphothula izilungiselelo, babebonakala bengajabule kakhulu. Angiphinde ngenze leli phutha futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuma

Njenge-PCB, indawo yikho konke. Lapho ukubeka umjikelezo kwi-PCB, lapho ungazifaka khona izinto zayo eziqondile zokujikeleza, nokuthi yimiphi eminye imibutheli eseduze, konke okubaluleke kakhulu.

Imvamisa, izikhundla zokufaka, okuphumayo, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphambili, kepha umjikelezo ophakathi kwabo udinga "ukudlala ubuhlakani babo." Kungaleso sizathu-ke ukunaka imininingwane ye-wiring kuzovutha ukubuya okukhulu. Qala ngendawo yezinto ezisemqoka futhi ubheke umjikelezo othize kanye ne-PCB yonke. Icacisa indawo yezakhi ezibalulekile nezindlela zesiginali kusukela ekuqaleni kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umklamo uhlangabezana nezinhloso zomsebenzi ezilindelekile. Ukuthola umklamo ofanele okokuqala kunganciphisa izindleko nokucindezela - futhi kufinyeza umjikelezo wokuthuthuka.

Amandla we-Bypass

Ukudlula kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla ohlangothini lwamandla we-amplifier ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu kwinqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB - kufaka phakathi ama-amplifiers asheshe asebenze noma eminye imibuthano ephezulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokucushwa ezijwayelekile zokudlula ama-amplifiers asheshe asebenze.

Ukubeka i-terminal ye-Power Supply: Le ndlela iyona ephumelela kunazo zonke ezimweni eziningi, isebenzisa ama-capacitor amaningi ahambisanayo ukuze ahambisane ngqo ne-Power Supply Pin ye-Amplifier yokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, ama-capacitors amabili ahambelana nawo anezela ama-capacitors afanayo angazuzisa eminye imibuthano.

Ukuxhumana okuhambisanayo kwama-capacitors anamanani ahlukene we-capcacitance kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuguquguquka okuphansi okuphekwe kuphela (i-AC) kungabonakala ku-Power Supply Pin phezu kwebhendi ebanzi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuveleni kwe-attiation of the amplifiier arpifier amandla wokwenqatshwa isilinganiso (PSR). Le capacitor isiza ukunxephezela i-PSR encishisiwe ye-amplifier. Ukugcina indlela ephansi yenkundla ye-Implance emabanga amaningi actave azosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi umsindo olimazayo awukwazi ukufaka i-OP AMP. Umdwebo 1 ukhombisa izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-capacitors amaningi ngokufana. Emathendeni aphansi, ama-capacitors amakhulu ahlinzeka ngendlela ephansi yenkundla yokungaphandle. Kepha uma imvamisa ifinyelela imvamisa yayo yokuvuselela amandla, amandla e-capacitor azokwenza buthaka futhi kancane kancane avele eqondayo. Kungakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-capacitors amaningi: lapho impendulo yemvamisa ye-capacitor eyodwa iqala ukwehla, ukuphendula imvamisa kwenye i-capacitor kuqala ukusebenza, ngakho-ke kungagcina amandla aphansi kakhulu we-actave actave.

Qala ngqo ngama-PINs Offer Pins of the op amp; I-capacitor ene-capacitance encane kakhulu kanye nosayizi omncane womzimba kufanele ibekwe ohlangothini olufanayo lwe-PCB njenge-OP amp-futhi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kwi-amplifier. I-terminal yomhlabathi ye-capacitor kufanele ixhumeke ngqo endizeni emhlabathini nge-PIN emfushane kakhulu noma ngocingo oluphrintiwe. Ukuxhumana komhlaba okungenhla kufanele kusondele ngangokunokwenzeka kwi-terminal yomthwalo ye-amplifier ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwe-terminal yamandla kanye ne-terminal yomhlaba.

Le nqubo kufanele iphindwe ama-capacitors ngenani elikhulu elilandelayo lama-capacitance. Kungcono ukuqala ngenani elincane lokukhohlisa le-0.01 μF bese ubeka i-capacitor ye-2.2 μF (noma enkulu) ngokumelana okulingana okulinganayo (i-ESR) eduze kwawo. I-Capacitor engu-0.01

Ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla ku-Power Supply: Enye indlela yokucushwa isebenzisa ama-capacitors owodwa noma amaningi axhunyiwe kuwo wonke ama-terminals amahle okunikezwa kwe-amplifier efanele. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho kunzima ukuhlela ama-capacitor amane esisekelweni. Okubi kwalo ukuthi ubukhulu becala le-capacitor bungakhuphuka ngoba ivotage kulo lonke i-capacitor liphindwe kabili ngenani le-voltage elisezingeni elilodwa. Ukwandisa i-voltage kudinga ukwandisa i-voltage ye-rated breakdown yedivayisi, okungukuthi, ukukhulisa usayizi wezindlu. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-PSR nokuhlanekezela.

Ngoba isifunda ngasinye kanye ne-wiring kuhlukile, ukucushwa, inombolo kanye nenani lama-capacitors kufanele anqunywe ngokuya ngezidingo zesifunda sangempela.