Ukukhubazeka kwe-PCB nokulawula Ikhwalithi, njengoba silwela ukugcina amazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle, kubalulekile ukubhekana nokunciphisa lezi ziphambeko ezivamile zokukhiqiza ze-PCB.
Esigabeni ngasinye sokukhiqiza, izinkinga zingenzeka ezidala amaphutha ebhodini lesifunda eliqediwe. Amaphutha avamile ahlanganisa ukushisela, ukulimala kwemishini, ukungcoliswa, ukungalungi kobukhulu, ukonakala kwe-plating, izendlalelo zangaphakathi ezingaqondani kahle, izinkinga zokubhoboza, nezinkinga zezinto ezibonakalayo.
Lezi zinkinga zingaholela kumasekhethi amafushane kagesi, amasekhethi avulekile, ubuhle obumpofu, ukwethembeka okuncishisiwe, nokwehluleka okuphelele kwe-PCB.
Amaphutha edizayini kanye nokuhlukahluka kokukhiqiza yizimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaphutha e-PCB.
Nazi ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko zokukhubazeka okuvamile kokukhiqiza kwe-PCB:
1.Umklamo ongafanele
Amaphutha amaningi e-PCB asukela ezinkingeni zokuklama. Izizathu ezivamile ezihlobene nomklamo zihlanganisa isikhala esinganele phakathi kwemigqa, izihibe ezincane ezizungeze i-borehole, ama-engeli emigqa acijile adlula amandla okukhiqiza, nokubekezelela imigqa emincane noma izikhala ezingenakufinyelelwa yinqubo yokukhiqiza.
Ezinye izibonelo zifaka amaphethini okulinganisa abeka engcupheni yezicupho ze-asidi, ukulandelelwa okuhle okungalinyazwa ukukhishwa kwe-electrostatic, nezinkinga zokukhipha ukushisa.
Ukwenza ukuhlaziya okubanzi kwe-Design for Manufacturability (DFM) nokulandela imihlahlandlela yedizayini ye-PCB kungavimbela amaphutha amaningi adalwe ukwakheka.
Ukubandakanya onjiniyela bokukhiqiza kunqubo yokuklama kusiza ukuhlola ukwenziwa kwezinto. Amathuluzi okulingisa nawokumodela angaphinda aqinisekise ukubekezelela kwedizayini ingcindezi yomhlaba wangempela futhi akhombe izindawo zezinkinga. Ukuthuthukisa idizayini yokwenziwa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile sokunciphisa iziphambeko ezivamile zokukhiqiza ze-PCB.
2.PCB ukungcola
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali amaningi nezinqubo ezingaholela ekungcoleni. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, i-PCBS ingcoliswa kalula yizinto ezifana nezinsalela ze-flux, uwoyela weminwe, isisombululo se-acid plating, udoti wezinhlayiyana kanye nezinsalela ze-ejenti yokuhlanza.
Izinto ezingcolisayo zibeka engcupheni yamasekethe amafushane kagesi, amasekhethi avulekile, amaphutha okushisela, kanye nezinkinga zokugqwala zesikhathi eside. Nciphisa ubungozi bokunukubezeka ngokugcina izindawo zokukhiqiza zihlanzeke ngokwedlulele, uphoqelele izilawuli eziqinile zokungcola, futhi uvimbele ukuthintana kwabantu. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ngezinqubo ezifanele zokuphatha nakho kubalulekile.
3.isici esibalulekile
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwe-PCB kumele zingabi namaphutha emvelo. Izinto ze-PCB ezingavumelani (njengama-laminates ekhwalithi ephansi, ama-prepregs, ama-foil, nezinye izakhi) zingaqukatha amaphutha njenge-resin enganele, i-glass fiber protrusions, amaphinikhodi, namaqhuqhuva.
Lokhu kushiyeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungafakwa eshidini lokugcina futhi kuthinte ukusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zitholakala kubahlinzeki abathembekile abanokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okubanzi kungasiza ekugwemeni izinkinga ezihlobene nezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingenayo kuyanconywa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala komshini, iphutha lomuntu kanye nezinguquko zenqubo nazo zingathinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-pcb.
Amaphutha ayenzeka ekukhiqizeni i-PCB ngenxa yokuklama kanye nezici zokukhiqiza. Ukuqonda iziphambeko ezivame kakhulu ze-PCB kwenza amafekthri agxile emizamweni ehlosiwe yokuvimbela nokuhlola. Izimiso zokuphepha eziyisisekelo ukuhlaziya umklamo, ukulawula izinqubo ngokuqinile, abaqhubi bezitimela, ukuhlola ngokucophelela, ukugcina inhlanzeko, ama-track board kanye nezimiso zokuqinisekisa amaphutha.