Kuningi ukuncintisana embonini yokukhiqiza ye-PCB. Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuthuthukiswa okuncane ukuze abanike inzuzo. Uma ubonakala ungakwazi ukuhambisana nenqubekelaphambili, kungenzeka ukuthi inqubo yakho yokukhiqiza isolwe. Ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela ezilula kungenza inqubo yakho yokukhiqiza ibe lula futhi kwenze amakhasimende akho aphinde amakhasimende.
Njengezici eziningi zemboni ye-elekthronikhi, inqubo yokukhiqiza amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe inokuncintisana kakhulu. Amakhasimende adinga ukuthi imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu iqedwe ngokushesha ngentengo ephansi kakhulu. Lokhu kukhuthaza abanye abakhiqizi ukuthi banciphise izindleko futhi balondoloze ukuncintisana. Nokho, lena indlela engalungile futhi izohlukanisa amakhasimende kuphela futhi ilimaze ibhizinisi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Esikhundleni salokho, abakhiqizi bangathola imiphumela engcono ngokuthuthukisa zonke izinyathelo zenqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze bayenze ibe lula futhi isebenze kahle. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi angcono, imikhiqizo kanye nezindleko zokonga ngangokunokwenzeka, abakhiqizi be-PCB banganikeza amakhasimende imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngezindleko eziphansi. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokuqala le nqubo.
01
Sebenzisa isoftware yokuklama
I-PCB yanamuhla iwumsebenzi wobuciko ngempela. Ngomshini kagesi oncipha kancane kancane, i-PCB edingwa amakhasimende incane futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi be-PCB kumele bathole izindlela zokuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningi emabhodini amancane. Ngakho-ke, isofthiwe yesakhiwo se-PCB isicishe yaba ithuluzi elivamile labaklami. Nokho, abanye abaklami basasebenzisa izindlela zakudala noma basebenzisa isofthiwe engalungile ukuphatha izinto. Isofthiwe yokuklama ye-PCB yobungcweti izoba namathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi angasiza ukuthuthukisa inqubo, ukuhlonza izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu futhi enze ukuhlola imithetho yokuklama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isofthiwe izokuvumela ukuthi udale futhi ugcine izifanekiso ukuze wenze lula ukuthuthukiswa kwama-oda azayo.
02
Faka i-solder resist ku-PCB
Imisebenzi eminingi yokukhiqiza ye-PCB emincane ayisebenzisi ukumelana ne-solder enqubweni yabo yokukhiqiza. Imaski ye-solder iyisendlalelo se-polymer ehlanganiswe ku-PCB ukuvimbela i-oxidation namasekhethi amafushane angadingekile phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Njengoba amasekhethi aya ngokuya esondela kuma-PCB anamuhla amancane namancane, ukukhiqiza ngaphandle kwemaski yekhwalithi ephezulu kungasebenzi futhi kuletha izingozi ezingadingekile.
03
Ungagqwali nge-ferric chloride
Ngokomlando, i-ferric chloride kwakuyi-etchant evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kubakhiqizi be-PCB. Ishibhile, ingathengwa ngobuningi futhi iphephile ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, uma isisetshenziselwa ukuchotshozwa, iba umkhiqizo oyingozi: i-copper chloride. I-Copper chloride inobuthi obukhulu futhi inomonakalo omkhulu emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, akuvunyelwe ukuthululela i-chloride yethusi ku-sewer noma ukuyilahla nodoti. Ukuze ulahle ikhemikhali ngendlela efanele, kuzodingeka usebenzise i-neutraizer noma uyiyise endaweni ezinikele yokulahla imfucuza eyingozi.
Ngenhlanhla, kunezinye izindlela ezishibhile neziphephile. I-Ammonium peroxodisulfate ingenye yalezi zindlela. Nokho, kungase kubize kakhulu kwezinye izindawo. Ngokuphambene, i-chloride yethusi ingathengwa ngokushibhile noma ingenziwa kalula nge-hydrochloric acid ne-hydrogen peroxide. Enye indlela yokuyisebenzisa ukumane wengeze umoya-mpilo ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ebhubhuzayo njengepompo ye-aquarium ukuze wenze kusebenze isisombululo kalula. Njengoba asikho isidingo sokusingatha isisombululo, izinkinga zokusingatha ezijwayele abasebenzisi be-copper chloride zigwenywa ngokuphelele.
04
Ukuhlukaniswa kwephaneli kusetshenziswa i-ultraviolet laser
Mhlawumbe indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PCB ukutshala imali kuma-laser e-UV ukuze kuhlukaniswe amaphaneli. Ziningi izindlela zokuhlukanisa emakethe, njengezigayigayi, izibhakela, amasaha, namapulani. Inkinga ukuthi zonke izindlela zemishini zibeka ingcindezi ebhodini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi abasebenzisa izindlela zokuhlukanisa ngomshini abakwazi ukukhiqiza amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe aguquguqukayo, amancane futhi antekenteke. Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu kwakungeyona inkinga. Nokho, namuhla, amabhodi esekethe aqinile aphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha. Imboni yezogesi idinga ama-PCB amise okwezifiso ukuze alingane namadivaysi amancane futhi alondoloze ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Ama-laser e-UV axazulula le nkinga ngoba awaxhumani nebhodi lesifunda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafaki ingcindezi yomzimba ku-PCB. Ikhadibhodi elizacile lingakhishwa kalula kuphaneli ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokulimaza izingxenye ezibucayi. Abakhiqizi abatshala imali kuma-laser e-UV namuhla bazokwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi esizayo zemboni ye-PCB, futhi izimbangi zizophuthuma ukuze zibambe.
Kodwa ama-laser e-ultraviolet aneminye imisebenzi. Futhi abafaki ukucindezeleka okushisayo ebhodini. Ezinye izindlela zokukhumula i-laser (njengama-laser e-CO2) zisebenzisa ukushisa ukuze zihlukanise amapuleti. Nakuba lena kuyindlela ephumelelayo, ukushisa kungase konakalise iziphetho zebhodi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaklami abakwazi ukusebenzisa i-periphery ye-PCB futhi bachithe isikhala esibalulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-laser e-UV asebenzisa izindlela zokusika “ezibandayo” ukuhlukanisa ama-PCB. Ukusika kwe-laser ye-UV kuyahambisana futhi akulimazi neze imiphetho yebhodi. Abakhiqizi abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultraviolet banganikeza amakhasimende imiklamo emincane ngokusebenzisa yonke indawo yebhodi lesekethe.
05
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ephumelelayo iyisihluthulelo
Kunjalo, nakuba lezi kumane kuyizindlela ezimbalwa ezilula zokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PCB, amaphuzu asemqoka asafana. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-PCB buyathuthuka nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, njengomkhiqizi, singase sizithele ngabandayo futhi singakwazi ukuhambisana namathrendi akamuva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka sisebenzisa amathuluzi aphelelwe yisikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula zokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yethu yokukhiqiza isebenza kahle futhi ihambisana nesikhathi, ibhizinisi lethu lingahlala linokuncintisana futhi ligqame emqhudelwaneni.