Ngenxa yezimpawu zokushintsha kwamandla kagesi, kulula ukubangela ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi ukukhiqiza ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic. Njengonjiniyela wokuphakela amandla, unjiniyela ohambisana nogesi, noma unjiniyela wesakhiwo se-PCB, kufanele uqonde izimbangela zezinkinga zokuhambisana nogesi futhi uxazulule izinyathelo, ikakhulukazi Onjiniyela besakhiwo badinga ukwazi ukuthi bangakugwema kanjani ukwanda kwezindawo ezingcolile. Lesi sihloko sethula ngokuyinhloko amaphuzu ayinhloko womklamo we-PCB wokuphakelwa kwamandla.

1. Izimiso ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo: noma yiluphi ucingo lune-impedance; yamanje ihlala ikhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo indlela nge-impedance encane; ukuqina kwemisebe kuhlobene nendawo yamanje, imvamisa, kanye nendawo eyiluphu; ukuphazamiseka kwemodi evamile kuhlobene namandla afanayo amasignali amakhulu e-dv/dt phansi; Umgomo wokunciphisa i-EMI kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka uyafana.

2. Isakhiwo kufanele sihlukaniswe ngokuvumelana nokunikezwa kwamandla, i-analog, idijithali yesivinini esikhulu kanye nebhulokhi ngayinye esebenzayo.

3. Nciphisa indawo yeluphu enkulu ye-di/dt futhi unciphise ubude (noma indawo, ububanzi bomugqa wesignali omkhulu we-dv/dt). Ukwanda kwendawo yokulandela kuzokwandisa amandla asabalalisiwe. Indlela evamile yile: ukulandelela ububanzi Zama ukuba mkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa susa ingxenye eyeqile), bese uzama ukuhamba ngomugqa oqondile ukuze unciphise indawo ecashile ukuze unciphise imisebe.

4. I-Inductive crosstalk ibangelwa ikakhulukazi iluphu enkulu ye-di/dt (i-loop antenna), futhi umfutho wokungenisa ulingana ne-mutual inductance, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwehlisa ukugudluka okuhambisanayo ngalezi zimpawu (indlela eyinhloko ukunciphisa indawo ye-loop futhi ukwandise ibanga); I-crosstalk yocansi ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi amasiginali amakhulu e-dv/dt, futhi umfutho wokungeniswa ulingana namandla okusebenzisana. Wonke amandla afanayo analezi zimpawu ancishisiwe (indlela eyinhloko ukunciphisa indawo yokuhlanganisa ephumelelayo futhi ukwandise ibanga. I-mutual capacitance iyancipha ngokukhula kwebanga. Ngokushesha) kubaluleke kakhulu.

5. Zama ukusebenzisa umgomo wokukhanselwa kweluphu ukuze uqhubeke unciphisa indawo yeluphu enkulu ye-di/dt, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1 (ofana nokupheya okusontiwe).
Sebenzisa umgomo wokukhanselwa kweluphu ukuze uthuthukise ikhono lokunqanda ukuphazamiseka futhi ukhuphule ibanga lokudlulisela):

Umfanekiso 1, ukukhanselwa kwe-Loop (i-freewheeling loop ye-boost circuit)

6. Ukunciphisa indawo ye-loop akugcini nje ukunciphisa imisebe, kodwa futhi kunciphisa i-loop inductance, okwenza ukusebenza kwesifunda kube ngcono.

7. Ukunciphisa indawo yeluphu kudinga ukuthi siklame ngokunembile indlela yokubuya yomkhondo ngamunye.

8. Uma ama-PCB amaningi exhunywe ngezixhumi, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi ucabangele ukunciphisa indawo yeluphu, ikakhulukazi kumasiginali amakhulu e-di/dt, amasiginali aphezulu noma amasiginali azwelayo. Kungcono ukuthi ucingo olulodwa lwesignali luhambisane nocingo olulodwa lwaphansi, futhi izintambo ezimbili ziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kunesidingo, izintambo ezisontekile zingase zisetshenziselwe ukuxhumana (ubude bentambo ngayinye esontekile ihambisana nenombolo ephelele yokuphindaphinda komsindo onguhhafu-wavelength). Uma uvula ikesi lekhompiyutha, ungabona ukuthi isikhombimsebenzisi se-USB phakathi kwebhodi lomama nephaneli yangaphambili sixhunywe ngepheya elisontekile, okubonisa ukubaluleka koxhumano olusontekile lokulwa nokuphazanyiswa nokunciphisa imisebe.

9. Ngekhebula ledatha, zama ukuhlela izintambo eziningi zaphansi kukhebula, futhi wenze lezi zintambo eziphansi zisabalaliswe ngokulinganayo kukhebula, ezinganciphisa ngempumelelo indawo yeluphu.

10. Nakuba ezinye izintambo zokuxhuma phakathi kwebhodi ziyizimpawu zefrikhwensi ephansi, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimpawu zefrikhwensi ephansi ziqukethe umsindo omningi we-high-frequency (ngokusebenzisa i-condution kanye ne-radiation), kulula ukuyikhipha le misindo uma ingaphathwanga kahle.

11. Uma ufaka izintambo, qala ucabangele iminonjana emikhulu nemikhondo ethambekele emisebeni.

12. Ukushintsha izinsiza zamandla ngokuvamile kunama-loops angu-4 amanje: okokufaka, okukhiphayo, ukushintsha, i-freewheeling, (Umfanekiso 2). Phakathi kwazo, izihibe zamanje zokufaka nokuphumayo zicishe zibe zamanje eziqondile, cishe akukho emi ekhiqizwayo, kodwa ziphazamiseka kalula; amaluphu amanje ashintshayo kanye namasondo amahhala ane-di/dt enkulu, edinga ukunakwa.
Umfanekiso 2, iluphu yamanje yesekethe ye-Buck

13. I-gate drive circuit ye-mos (igbt) tube ngokuvamile iqukethe i-di/dt enkulu.

14. Ungabeki amasekhethi esignali amancane, njengamasekhethi okulawula kanye ne-analog, ngaphakathi kwamasekhethi amakhulu wamanje, imvamisa ephezulu kanye naphezulu kagesi ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka.

Kuzoqhutshwa…..