Lapho ukhuluma ngamabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe, ama-novices avame ukudida "ama-pcb schematics" kanye ne- "PCB Design Files", kodwa empeleni abhekisela ezintweni ezihlukile. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwazo kuyisihluthulelo sokukhiqiza ngempumelelo ama-PCB, ukuze uvumele abaqalayo ukwenza kangcono lokhu, le ndatshana izodiliza umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-PCB design kanye ne-PCB design.

Yini i-PCB
Ngaphambi kokungena umehluko phakathi kokuhlehlisa nokuklama, yini okudingeka ukuthi kuqondwe yikho i-PCB?

Ngokuyisisekelo, kukhona amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe ngaphakathi kwamadivayisi kagesi, abizwa nangokuthi amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe. Le Breen Circuity Board eyenziwe ngensimbi eyigugu ixhumanisa zonke izingxenye zikagesi zedivayisi futhi ikwenza ikwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwe-PCB, imishini kagesi ngeke isebenze.

I-PCB schematic design ne-PCB
I-PCB Schematic ngumklamo olula wesifunda obonisa ukusebenza nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene. Idizayini ye-PCB yisakhiwo esinezici ezintathu, futhi isikhundla sezinto esimakwe ngemuva kokuthi umjikelezo uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzosebenza ngokujwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, i-PCB Schematic iyingxenye yokuqala yokwakha ibhodi yesekethe ephrintiwe. Lesi isibonakaliso esibonakalayo esisebenzisa izimpawu okuvunyelwe ukuchaza ukuxhumana kwesifunda, kungaba ngefomu elibhaliwe noma ngefomu ledatha. Iphinde ivuse izakhi ukuthi zisetshenziswe nokuthi zixhunyiwe kanjani.

Njengoba igama libonisa, i-PCB schematic iyicebo ne-blueprint. Akuvezi ukuthi izakhi zizobekwa kuphi ngokuqondile. Esikhundleni salokho, ichaza ama-schematic ukuthi i-PCB ekugcineni izofinyelela kanjani ukuxhumanisa futhi yakha ingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuhlela.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-bluepprint isiqediwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuklanywa kwe-PCB. Idizayini ukuyisakhiwo noma ukumelwa ngokomzimba kwe-PCB schematic, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwama-traces ethusi kanye nezimbobo. Idizayini ye-PCB ikhombisa indawo yezinto ezenziwe ngenhla kanye nokuxhumana kwazo kwithusi.

I-PCB Design isiteji esihlobene nokusebenza. Onjiniyela bakha izakhi zangempela ngesisekelo sedizayini ye-PCB ukuze bahlole ukuthi ngabe imishini isebenza kahle yini. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, noma ngubani kufanele akwazi ukuqonda i-PCB Schematic, kepha akulula ukuqonda umsebenzi wayo ngokubheka i-prototype.

Ngemuva kwalezi zigaba ezimbili seziqediwe, futhi wenelisekile ngokusebenza kwe-PCB, udinga ukuyisebenzisa ngomenzi.

I-PCB Schematic Elements
Ngemuva kokuqonda ngokucophelela umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili, ake sihlolisise izinto ze-PCB schematic. Njengoba sishilo, konke ukuxhumana kuyabonakala, kepha kuneminye imithamo okufanele uyikhumbule:

Ukuze sikwazi ukubona ukuxhumana ngokucacile, adalwe ukukala; Ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB, kungenzeka basondele kakhulu komunye nomunye
Ukuxhumeka okuthile kungawela omunye komunye, empeleni akunakwenzeka
Ezinye izixhumanisi zingaba ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesakhiwo, ngophawu olukhombisa ukuthi ziyaxhunyaniswa
Le PCB "Blueprint" ingasebenzisa ikhasi elilodwa, amakhasi amabili noma amakhasi ambalwa ukuchaza konke okuqukethwe okudinga ukufakwa ekwakhiweni

Into yokugcina ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-schematics ayinkimbinkimbi angahlelwa ngokusebenza ukuze athuthukise ukufundeka. Ukuhlela ukuxhumana ngale ndlela ngeke kwenzeke esigabeni esilandelayo, futhi ama-schematics ngokuvamile awahambelani nomklamo wokugcina wemodeli ye-3D.

I-PCB Design Elements
Isikhathi sokukhipha ngokujulile ezintweni ze-PCB Design Files. Kulesi sigaba, saguqulwa kusuka emibhalwe emibhalweni ebhaliwe kuya ezethulo ezingokomzimba ezakhiwe zisebenzisa izinto ze-laminate noma i-ceramic. Lapho kudingeka isikhala esihlangene ikakhulukazi, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-PCB aguqukayo.

Okuqukethwe kwefayela le-PCB Design kulandela i-BECLEPrint esungulwe ukugeleza okuhlosiwe, kepha, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, bobabili bahluke kakhulu ngokubukeka. Sixoxile ama-PCB schematics, kepha yimuphi umehluko ongabonakala kumafayili wokuklama?

Lapho sikhuluma ngamafayela we-PCB Design, sikhuluma ngemodeli ye-3D, efaka ibhodi yokujikeleza ephrintiwe namafayela wokuklama. Zingaba ungqimba olulodwa noma izingqimba eziningi, yize izingqimba ezimbili zivame kakhulu. Singabona umehluko othile phakathi kwama-schematics we-PCB namafayela we-PCB Design:

Zonke izinto zilinganiswa futhi zibekwe kahle
Uma amaphuzu amabili kufanele angaxhunyiwe, kufanele azungeze noma ashintshele kwelinye i-PCB ungqimba ukuze agweme ukuwela omunye komunye

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sikhulume kafushane nge-PCB Design bakhokha kakhudlwana ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ngoba lokhu kungenxa yesigaba sokuqinisekisa umkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusebenziseka kwe-design kumele kusebenze ngokudlalwa, futhi izidingo zomzimba zebhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe kufanele zibhekwe. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

Izikhala zezakhi zivumela kanjani ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okwanele
Izixhumi emaphethelweni
Mayelana nezinkinga zamanje nezokushisa, kufanele zibe mkhulu kangakanani umkhondo ohlukahlukene

Ngoba ukulinganiselwa ngokomzimba kanye nezidingo kusho ukuthi amafayela we-PCB Design abukeka ehluke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-schematic, amafayela okuklama afaka isendlalelo sesikrini se-silk. Isendlalelo sesikrini sikaSilk sibonisa izincwadi, izinombolo nezimpawu zokusiza onjiniyela ababuke futhi basebenzise ibhodi.

Kudingeka ukuthi usebenze njengoba kuhlelwe ngemuva kwazo zonke izinto zihlangene ebhodini lesekethe eliphrintiwe. Uma kungenjalo, udinga ukuhlela kabusha.