I-inthanethi Yezinto (IOT) izoba nomthelela cishe kuzo zonke izimboni, kodwa izoba nomthelela omkhulu embonini yokukhiqiza. Eqinisweni, I-inthanethi Yezinto inamandla okuguqula amasistimu emigqa yendabuko ibe amasistimu axhumene aguqukayo, futhi ingaba amandla amakhulu okuqhuba uguquko lwamafekthri nezinye izinsiza.
Njengezinye izimboni, i-inthanethi Yezinto embonini yezokukhiqiza kanye ne-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) ilwela ukwenzeka ngokuxhumeka okungenantambo nobuchwepheshe obusekelayo. Namuhla, i-inthanethi Yezinto incike ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphansi kanye nebanga elide, futhi indinganiso ye-narrowband (NB) ixazulula le nkinga. Umhleli we-PCB uyaqonda ukuthi ukuxhumeka kwe-NB kungasekela izimo eziningi zokusebenzisa i-IoT, okuhlanganisa izitholi zezenzakalo, amathini kadoti ahlakaniphile, nemitha ehlakaniphile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni zihlanganisa ukulandelela impahla, ukulandelela izinto, ukuqapha umshini, njll.
Kodwa njengoba uxhumano lwe-5G luqhubeka nokwakhiwa ezweni lonke, izinga elisha lonke lejubane, ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kuzosiza ukuvula amacala amasha okusebenzisa i-IoT.
I-5G izosetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwesilinganiso sedatha ephakeme kanye nezidingo zokubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, umbiko ka-2020 weBloor Research waveza ukuthi ikusasa le-5G, i-edge computing kanye ne-Intanethi Yezinto zingabashayeli ababalulekile be-Industry 4.0.
Isibonelo, ngokombiko we-MarketsandMarkets, imakethe ye-IIoT kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku-US $ 68.8 billion ngo-2019 iye ku-US $ 98.2 billion ngo-2024. Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko okulindeleke ukuthi ziqhube imakethe ye-IIoT? Ama-semiconductors athuthuke kakhulu kanye nemishini ye-elekthronikhi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwamapulatifomu e-cloud computing-kokubili okuzoqhutshwa inkathi ye-5G.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokombiko we-BloorResearch, uma ingekho i-5G, kuzoba negebe elikhulu lenethiwekhi ekugcwalisekeni kwe-Industry 4.0-hhayi nje ekuhlinzekeni ukuxhumana kwezigidigidi zamadivayisi we-IoT, kodwa futhi mayelana nokudlulisa kanye ukucubungula inani elikhulu ledatha ezokhiqizwa.
Inselele akuyona nje umkhawulokudonsa. Izinhlelo ezihlukene ze-IoT zizoba nezidingo zenethiwekhi ezihlukile. Amanye amadivayisi azodinga ukwethembeka okuphelele, lapho ukubambezeleka okuphansi kubalulekile, kuyilapho ezinye izimo zokusetshenziswa zizobona ukuthi inethiwekhi kufanele ibhekane nokuminyana okuphezulu kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe kunalokho esike sakubona ngaphambili.
Isibonelo, embonini yokukhiqiza, inzwa elula ngelinye ilanga ingase iqoqe futhi igcine idatha futhi ixhumane nedivayisi yesango equkethe ukucabanga kohlelo lokusebenza. Kwezinye izimo, idatha yenzwa ye-IoT ingase idinge ukuqoqwa ngesikhathi sangempela kusuka kuzinzwa, amathegi e-RFID, amadivaysi okulandelela, kanye nomakhalekhukhwini abakhulu nakakhulu ngephrothokholi ye-5G.
Ngamafuphi: inethiwekhi ye-5G yesikhathi esizayo izosiza ekuboneni inani elikhulu lamacala okusetshenziswa kwe-IoT ne-IIoT nezinzuzo embonini yokukhiqiza. Uma ubheka phambili, ungamangali uma ubona lezi zimo ezinhlanu zokusetshenziswa zishintsha ngokwethulwa kokuxhumana okunamandla, okuthembekile kanye namadivayisi ahambisanayo kunethiwekhi ye-5G ene-spectrum eminingi esakhiwayo njengamanje.
Ukubonakala kwezimpahla zokukhiqiza
Nge-IoT/IIoT, abakhiqizi bangaxhuma imishini yokukhiqiza neminye imishini, amathuluzi, kanye nezimpahla ezimbonini nasezindaweni zokugcina impahla, banikeze abaphathi nonjiniyela ngokubonakala okwengeziwe emisebenzini yokukhiqiza nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame.
Ukulandelela amafa kuwumsebenzi obalulekile we-inthanethi Yezinto. Ingathola kalula futhi iqaphe izingxenye ezibalulekile zezindawo zokukhiqiza. Maduze, inkampani izokwazi ukusebenzisa izinzwa ezihlakaniphile ukulandelela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunyakaza kwezingxenye phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Ngokuxhuma amathuluzi asetshenziswa opharetha kunoma yimuphi umshini osetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, umphathi weplanti angathola ukubuka kwesikhathi sangempela kokuphumayo kokukhiqiza.
Abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa lawa maleveli aphezulu okubonakala efekthri ukuze bakhombe ngokushesha futhi baxazulule izingqinamba ngokusebenzisa idatha ekhiqizwe amadeshibhodi kanye ne-inthanethi yakamuva Yezinto ukuze basize ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo nekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukugcinwa kokubikezela
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla yezitshalo nezinye izimpahla zisesimweni esihle sokusebenza kuyinto ehamba phambili yomkhiqizi. Ukwehluleka kungabangela ukubambezeleka okukhulu ekukhiqizeni, okungase kuholele ekulahlekelweni okukhulu okungalindelekile ekulungiseni noma ekushintshweni kwemishini, kanye nokunganeliseki kwamakhasimende ngenxa yokubambezeleka noma ngisho nokukhanselwa kwama-oda. Ukugcina umshini usebenza kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza futhi kwenze inqubo yokukhiqiza ibe bushelelezi.
Ngokufaka izinzwa ezingenantambo emishinini kuyo yonke imboni bese bexhuma lezi zinzwa ku-inthanethi, abaphathi bangathola ukuthi idivayisi iqala nini ukungasebenzi ngaphambi kokuthi ihluleke ngempela.
Amasistimu e-IoT asafufusa asekelwa ubuchwepheshe obungenawaya angakwazi ukuzwa amasignali ayisixwayiso emishinini futhi athumele idatha kubasebenzi abalungisa izinto ukuze bakwazi ukulungisa izinto zokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela bagweme ukubambezeleka okukhulu nezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifekthri yebhodi lesifunda ikholelwa ukuthi abakhiqizi bangazuza futhi kuyo, njengendawo engase ibe nokuphepha kwefekthri nempilo ende yemishini.
thuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo
Cabanga ukuthi phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, ukuthumela idatha yesimo esibucayi yekhwalithi ephezulu ngokusebenzisa izinzwa zemvelo ukuze kuhlale kuqashwe imikhiqizo kungasiza abakhiqizi bakhiqize imikhiqizo yekhwalithi engcono.
Uma umkhawulo wekhwalithi ufinyelelwa noma izimo ezifana nezinga lokushisa lomoya noma umswakama zingakulungele ukukhiqizwa kokudla noma umuthi, inzwa ingaxwayisa umphathi weshabhu.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Supply chain kanye nokwenza kahle
Kubakhiqizi, i-supply chain iya ngokuya iba yinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi lapho beqala ukukhulisa ibhizinisi labo emhlabeni jikelele. I-inthanethi Esafufusa Yezinto inika amandla izinkampani ukuthi ziqaphe imicimbi kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, inikeze ukufinyelela kudatha yesikhathi sangempela ngokulandelela izimpahla ezifana namaloli, iziqukathi, ngisho nemikhiqizo ngayinye.
Abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa izinzwa ukuze balandelele futhi baqaphe i-inventory njengoba besuka endaweni eyodwa beya kwenye ochungechungeni lokunikezela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo, kanye nokulethwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe. Abakhiqizi bangakhuphula ukubonakala kwabo ohlwini lwamagama lomkhiqizo ukuze banikeze ukutholakala kwempahla enembe kakhudlwana namashejuli okuthumela imikhiqizo kumakhasimende. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kungasiza futhi izinkampani zithuthukise ukuhanjiswa ngokukhomba izindawo eziyinkinga.
Iwele ledijithali
Ukufika Kwe-inthanethi Yezinto kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka kubakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe amawele edijithali—amakhophi angokoqobo emishini ephathekayo noma imikhiqizo abakhiqizi abangayisebenzisa ukuze basebenzise ukulingisa ngaphambi kokwakha nokukhipha amadivaysi. Ngenxa yokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela ehlinzekwa I-inthanethi Yezinto, abakhiqizi bangakha iwele ledijithali lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo, elizobasiza ukuthi bathole ukukhubazeka ngokushesha futhi babikezele imiphumela ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Lokhu kungase kuholele emikhiqizweni yekhwalithi ephezulu futhi kunciphise nezindleko, ngoba imikhiqizo akudingekile ukuthi ibuye ibuye uma isithunyelwe. Umhleli webhodi lesifunda ufunde ukuthi idatha eqoqwe kuma-replicas edijithali ivumela abaphathi ukuthi bahlaziye ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene esizeni.
Ngochungechunge lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona, ngasinye salezi zimo ezinhlanu zokusebenzisa ezingaba khona zingashintsha ukukhiqiza. Ukuze kufezeke isithembiso esigcwele se-Industry 4.0, abaholi bezobuchwepheshe embonini yokukhiqiza kudingeka baqonde izinselele ezibalulekile ezizolethwa yi-Intanethi Yezinto nokuthi ikusasa le-5G lizosabela kanjani kulezi zinselele.