Uma ukhuluma ngamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe, abaqalayo bavame ukudida "izinhlelo ze-PCB" kanye "namafayela wokuklama we-PCB", kodwa empeleni babhekisela ezintweni ezahlukene. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwawo kuyisihluthulelo sokukhiqiza ngempumelelo ama-PCB, ngakho-ke ukuze abaqalayo benze lokhu kangcono, lesi sihloko sizodiliza umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-PCB kanye nomklamo we-PCB.
Yini i-PCB
Ngaphambi kokungena emehlukweni phakathi kokuhlelwa nokuklama, okudingeka kuqondwe ukuthi iyini i-PCB?
Ngokuyisisekelo, kukhona amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe ngaphakathi kwemishini kagesi, ebizwa nangokuthi amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe. Leli bhodi lesifunda eliluhlaza elenziwe ngensimbi eyigugu lixhuma zonke izingxenye zikagesi zedivayisi futhi liyenze isebenze ngokujwayelekile. Ngaphandle kwe-PCB, okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi ngeke kusebenze.
I-PCB schematic kanye ne-PCB design
Uhlelo lwe-PCB luwumklamo olula wesifunda onezinhlangothi ezimbili obonisa ukusebenza nokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene. Idizayini ye-PCB iyisakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, futhi indawo yezingxenye imakwa ngemva kokuba isekethe iqinisekisiwe ukuthi izosebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-PCB luyingxenye yokuqala yokuklama ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Lesi yisifanekiso esiyigrafu esisebenzisa izimpawu okuvunyelwene ngazo ukuchaza ukuxhumana kwesekethe, kungaba ngendlela ebhaliwe noma ngedatha. Iphinde yazise izingxenye okufanele zisetshenziswe nokuthi zixhumeke kanjani.
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, uhlelo lwe-PCB luwuhlelo kanye nepulani. Ayibonisi ukuthi izingxenye zizobekwa kuphi ngokuqondile. Kunalokho, uhlelo luveza ukuthi i-PCB ekugcineni izofinyelela kanjani ekuxhumekeni futhi yakha ingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuhlela.
Ngemva kokuba ipulani seliqediwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwakheka kwe-PCB. Idizayini yisakhiwo noma ukumelwa okuphathekayo kwe-PCB schematic, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwemikhondo nemigodi yethusi. Idizayini ye-PCB ibonisa indawo yezingxenye ezishiwo ngenhla kanye nokuxhumana kwazo nethusi.
Idizayini ye-PCB iyisiteji esihlobene nokusebenza. Onjiniyela bakhe izingxenye zangempela ngesisekelo sokuklama kwe-PCB ukuze bakwazi ukuhlola ukuthi izisetshenziswa zisebenza kahle yini. Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, noma ubani kufanele akwazi ukuqonda uhlelo lwe-PCB, kodwa akulula ukuqonda umsebenzi walo ngokubheka i-prototype.
Ngemva kokuba lezi zigaba ezimbili seziqediwe, futhi wanelisekile ngokusebenza kwe-PCB, udinga ukukusebenzisa ngomkhiqizi.
Izinto ze-PCB zohlelo
Ngemva kokuqonda cishe umehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili, ake sibhekisise izici ze-PCB schematic. Njengoba sesishilo, konke ukuxhumana kuyabonakala, kepha kuneminye imihume okufanele uyikhumbule:
Ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuxhumana ngokucacile, azidalwanga ukukala; ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB, zingasondelana kakhulu
Okunye ukuxhumana kungase kuphambane, okuyinto engenakwenzeka ngempela
Ezinye izixhumanisi zingase zibe ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesakhiwo, zibe nophawu olubonisa ukuthi zixhunyiwe
Le “pulani” ye-PCB ingasebenzisa ikhasi elilodwa, amakhasi amabili noma amakhasi ambalwa ukuchaza konke okuqukethwe okudingeka kufakwe ekwakhiweni.
Into yokugcina okumele uyiqaphele ukuthi ama-schematics ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu angahlanganiswa ngomsebenzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufundeka. Ukuhlela ukuxhumana ngale ndlela ngeke kwenzeke esigabeni esilandelayo, futhi izinhlelo ngokuvamile azifani nomklamo wokugcina wemodeli ye-3D.
Izinto zokwakha ze-PCB
Manje yisikhathi sokujula ezintweni zefayela lokuklama le-PCB. Kulesi sigaba, sishintshile sisuka kumapulani abhaliwe saya kokumelwa ngokomzimba okwakhiwe kusetshenziswa i-laminate noma izinto zobumba. Uma isikhala esihlangene sidingeka, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-PCB aguquguqukayo.
Okuqukethwe kwefayela lokuklama le-PCB kulandela ipulani esungulwe ukugeleza kohlelo, kodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kokubili kuhluke kakhulu ngokubukeka. Sixoxile nge-PCB schematics, kodwa yimuphi umehluko ongabonwa kumafayela okuklama?
Uma sikhuluma ngamafayela wokuklama we-PCB, sikhuluma ngemodeli ye-3D, ehlanganisa ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe kanye namafayela okuklama. Zingaba ungqimba olulodwa noma izingqimba eziningi, nakuba izendlalelo ezimbili zivame kakhulu. Singabona umehluko othile phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-PCB namafayela wokuklama we-PCB:
Zonke izingxenye zilinganiselwe futhi zibekwe ngendlela efanele
Uma amaphuzu amabili kungafanele axhunywe, kufanele azungeze noma ashintshele kolunye ungqimba lwe-PCB ukugwema ukuwela ungqimba olufanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sikhulume kafushane, i-PCB design inaka kakhulu ukusebenza kwangempela, ngoba lokhu ngokwezinga elithile kuyisigaba sokuqinisekisa somkhiqizo wokugcina. Kuleli qophelo, ukusebenza komklamo kufanele kusebenze ngempela, futhi izidingo zomzimba zebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye kuvumela kanjani ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okwanele
Izixhumi emaphethelweni
Mayelana nezindaba zamanje kanye nokushisa, ukuthi iminonjana ehlukahlukene kufanele ibe mkhulu kangakanani
Ngenxa yokuthi ukulinganiselwa ngokomzimba kanye nezimfuneko zisho ukuthi amafayela edizayini ye-PCB ngokuvamile abukeka ehluke kakhulu kumklamo osohlelweni, amafayela omklamo ahlanganisa isendlalelo esiphrintwe isikrini. Isendlalelo sesikrini sikasilika sibonisa izinhlamvu, izinombolo nezimpawu ukusiza onjiniyela bahlangane futhi basebenzise ibhodi.
Kudingeka ukuthi kusebenze njengoba kuhleliwe ngemva kokuba zonke izingxenye seziqoqwe ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Uma kungenjalo, udinga ukudweba kabusha.
Ekuphetheni
Nakuba izikimu ze-PCB namafayela wokuklama we-PCB evame ukudideka, empeleni, ukwenza izikimu ze-PCB nomklamo we-PCB kubhekise kuzinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene lapho kwakhiwa ibhodi lesekethe eliphrintiwe. Umdwebo wohlelo lwe-PCB ongadweba ukugeleza kwenqubo kufanele udalwe ngaphambi kokuthi umklamo we-PCB wenziwe, futhi umklamo we-PCB uyingxenye ebalulekile yokunquma ukusebenza nobuqotho be-PCB.