Ngenxa yezimpawu zokushintsha kwamandla kagesi, kulula ukubangela ukushintshwa kwamandla kagesi ukukhiqiza ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic. Njengonjiniyela wokuphakela amandla, unjiniyela ohambisana nogesi, noma unjiniyela wesakhiwo se-PCB, kufanele uqonde izimbangela zezinkinga zokuhambisana nogesi futhi uxazulule izinyathelo, ikakhulukazi Onjiniyela besakhiwo badinga ukwazi ukuthi bangakugwema kanjani ukwanda kwezindawo ezingcolile. Lesi sihloko sethula ngokuyinhloko amaphuzu ayinhloko womklamo we-PCB wokuphakelwa kwamandla.

15. Yehlisa indawo yeluphu yesiginali ebambekayo (ebucayi) kanye nobude bezintambo ukuze unciphise ukuphazamiseka.

16. Izimpawu zesignali ezincane zikude nemigqa yesignali emikhulu ye-dv/dt (njenge-C pole noma i-D pole yeshubhu yokushintsha, i-buffer (snubber) kanye nenethiwekhi ye-clamp) ukunciphisa ukuhlanganisa, kanye nomhlabathi (noma ugesi, ngamafuphi) Isignali engaba khona) ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa ukuhlangana, futhi umhlabathi kufanele uthintane kahle nendiza yaphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulandelelwa kwesignali emincane kufanele kube kude ngangokunokwenzeka emigqeni yesignali ye-di/dt emikhulu ukuze kuvinjelwe i-crosstalk engenisayo. Kungcono ukungangeni ngaphansi kwesiginali enkulu ye-dv/dt lapho isignali encane ilandela umkhondo. Uma ingemuva le-trace yesignali encane ingamiswa (inhlabathi efanayo), isignali yomsindo ehlanganiswe nayo ingancishiswa.

17. Kungcono ukubeka phansi nxazonke nangemuva kwalezi zimpawu ezinkulu ze-dv/dt kanye ne-di/dt (kuhlanganise nezigxobo ze-C/D zemishini yokushintsha kanye ne-radiator yeshubhu lokushintsha), futhi usebenzise phezulu nangaphansi. izingqimba zomhlabathi Ngokuxhuma kwembobo, bese uxhuma le nhlabathi endaweni efanayo yomhlabathi (imvamisa isigxobo se-E/S seshubhu yokushintsha, noma isihluthulelo sesampula) ngomkhondo ophansi we-impedance. Lokhu kunganciphisa i-EMI ekhishiwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo encane yesignali akufanele ixhunywe kulo mhlaba ovikelayo, ngaphandle kwalokho izokwethula ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ukulandela umkhondo kwe-dv/dt okukhulu kuvamise ukuthikamezeka kurediyetha kanye nomhlabathi oseduze ngokusebenzisa amandla okusebenzisana. Kungcono ukuxhuma i-radiator yeshubhu yokushintsha endaweni evikelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi okushintsha i-surface-mount kuzophinde kunciphise amandla okusebenzisana, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuhlangana.

18. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthi ungasebenzisi i-vias emithonjeni ejwayele ukuphazamiseka, njengoba izophazamisa zonke izendlalelo i-via edlula kuzo.

19. Ukuvikela kunganciphisa i-EMI ekhishwayo, kodwa ngenxa yokwandisa amandla okusebenza phansi, i-EMI eqhutshwayo (imodi evamile, noma imodi yokuhlukanisa yangaphandle) izokwanda, kodwa inqobo nje uma ungqimba oluvikelayo lusekelwe kahle, ngeke lwande kakhulu. Kungacatshangwa kumklamo wangempela.

20. Ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kwe-impedance, sebenzisa iphoyinti elilodwa eliphansi kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla ukusuka endaweni eyodwa.

21. Ukushintshanisa ukunikezwa kwamandla ngokuvamile kunezizathu ezintathu: amandla okufaka amandla aphansi amanje aphezulu, amandla okukhipha amandla amanje aphezulu, nendawo yokulawula isignali encane. Indlela yokuxhuma phansi iboniswa kumdwebo olandelayo:

22. Uma ugxilisa, qala uhlole ubunjalo benhlabathi ngaphambi kokuxhuma. Umhlabathi wesampula nokukhulisa amaphutha ngokuvamile kufanele uxhunywe esigxotsheni esinegethivu se-capacitor ephumayo, futhi isignali yesampula kufanele ngokuvamile ikhishwe esigxotsheni esihle se-capacitor ephumayo. Indawo encane yokulawula isignali kanye nendawo yokushayela ngokuvamile kufanele ixhunywe esigxotsheni se-E/S noma isihluthulelo sesampula seshubhu yokushintsha ngokulandelana ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka Okujwayelekile kokuphazamiseka. Ngokuvamile indawo yokulawula nendawo yokushayela ye-IC ayikhishelwa ngaphandle ngokuhlukana. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthikamezeka komthofu ukusuka kusiphikisa amasampula kuya emhlabathini ongenhla kufanele kube kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka okujwayelekile futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwamasampula amanje.

23. Inethiwekhi yesampula ye-voltage ephumayo ingcono kakhulu ukuba ibe seduze nesikhulisi sephutha kunokuba siphume. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasiginali we-impedance ephansi awathinteki kangako ekuphazamisekeni kunamasiginali aphezulu we-impedance. Imikhondo yesampula kufanele isondelene ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo othathwe.

24. Naka ukwakheka kwama-inductors ukuze kube kude futhi kuhambisane nomunye nomunye ukuze kuncishiswe i-inductance mutual, ikakhulukazi ama-inductors okugcina amandla kanye nama-inductors okuhlunga.

25. Qaphela ukwakheka lapho i-high-frequency capacitor kanye ne-low-frequency capacitor isetshenziswa ngokufanayo, i-high-frequency capacitor iseduze nomsebenzisi.

26. Ukuphazamiseka kwefrikhwensi ephansi ngokuvamile kuyimodi yokuhlukanisa (ngezansi kwe-1M), futhi ukuphazamiseka kwefrikhwensi ephezulu ngokuvamile kuyimodi evamile, ngokuvamile ehambisana nemisebe.

27. Uma isignali yefrikhwensi ephezulu ihlanganiswe nomthofu wokufakwayo, kulula ukwenza i-EMI (imodi evamile). Ungafaka indandatho kazibuthe kumthofu wokufaka eduze nendawo yamandla. Uma i-EMI incishisiwe, ibonisa le nkinga. Isixazululo sale nkinga ukunciphisa ukuhlanganisa noma ukunciphisa i-EMI yesekethe. Uma umsindo we-high-frequency ungahlungiwe futhi uhanjiswe kumthofu wokufakwayo, i-EMI (imodi ehlukile) nayo izokwakhiwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, indandatho kazibuthe ayikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga. Iyunithi yezinhlamvu ezimbili ze-high-frequency inductors (symmetrical) lapho okuholayo okokufaka kuseduze nokunikezwa kwamandla. Ukuncipha kukhombisa ukuthi le nkinga ikhona. Isixazululo sale nkinga ukuthuthukisa ukuhlunga, noma ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa komsindo we-high-frequency ngokubhafa, ukuphoqa nezinye izindlela.

28. Ukulinganisa imodi yokuhlukanisa kanye nemodi evamile yamanje:

29. Isihlungi se-EMI kufanele sibe seduze nolayini ongenayo ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izintambo zolayini ongenayo kufanele zibe zifushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlangana phakathi kwezigaba zangaphambili nezingemuva zesihlungi se-EMI. Ucingo olungenayo luvikeleke kangcono ngendawo ye-chassis (indlela ichazwe ngenhla). Isihlungi se-EMI esiphumayo kufanele siphathwe ngendlela efanayo. Zama ukukhuphula ibanga phakathi kolayini ongenayo kanye nokulandelela isignali ephezulu ye-dv/dt, futhi uyicabangele esakhiweni.