Kusukela emiphumeleni yokuhlola yemikhiqizo ehlukene, kutholakala ukuthi le ESD iyisivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu: uma ibhodi lesifunda lingaklanyelwe kahle, lapho ugesi omile wethulwa, uzokwenza ukuthi umkhiqizo uphahlazeke noma ulimaze izingxenye. Esikhathini esedlule, ngaqaphela kuphela ukuthi i-ESD izolimaza izingxenye, kodwa bengingalindele ukunaka ngokwanele emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi.

I-ESD yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi i-Electro-Static discharge. Kusukela olwazini olufundiwe, kungaziwa ukuthi ugesi ongaguquki uyinto engokwemvelo, evame ukukhiqizwa ngokuthintana, ukungqubuzana, ukungeniswa phakathi kwezinto ezisebenza ngogesi, njll. Ubonakala ngokuqoqwa kwesikhathi eside kanye namandla kagesi aphezulu (angakhiqiza izinkulungwane zama-volts. noma ngisho namashumi ezinkulungwane zama-volts kagesi omile) ), amandla aphansi, isikhathi esiphansi samanje nesikhathi esifushane sesenzo. Emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi, uma idizayini ye-ESD ingaklanyelwe kahle, ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi kanye nekagesi kuvame ukungazinzi noma konakale.

Izindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa izivivinyo zokukhishwa kwe-ESD: ukukhishwa kokuxhumana nokukhishwa komoya.

Ukukhipha othintana naye ukukhipha ngokuqondile okokusebenza ngaphansi kokuhlolwa; ukukhishwa komoya kubizwa nangokuthi ukukhishwa okungaqondile, okukhiqizwa ngokuhlangana kwensimu yamagnetic enamandla kuma-loops amanje aseduze. I-voltage yokuhlola yalezi zivivinyo ezimbili ngokuvamile i-2KV-8KV, futhi izidingo zihlukile ezifundeni ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuklama, kufanele siqale sithole imakethe yomkhiqizo.

Lezi zimo ezimbili ezingenhla ziwukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi engakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yokufakelwa ugesi emzimbeni womuntu noma ezinye izizathu lapho umzimba womuntu uhlangana nemikhiqizo kagesi. Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa izibalo zokuswakama komoya kwezinye izifunda ezinyangeni ezihlukene zonyaka. Kungabonakala ngesibalo sokuthi i-Lasvegas inomswakama omncane unyaka wonke. Imikhiqizo kagesi kule ndawo kufanele inake ngokukhethekile ukuvikelwa kwe-ESD.

Izimo zomswakama zihlukile ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo endaweni, uma umswakama womoya ungafani, ugesi omile okhiqizwayo nawo uhlukile. Ithebula elilandelayo yidatha eqoqiwe, lapho kungabonakala khona ukuthi ugesi omile uyakhula njengoba umswakama womoya uncipha. Lokhu futhi kuchaza ngokungaqondile isizathu sokuthi kungani izinhlansi ezimile ezikhiqizwa lapho ukhumula ijezi ebusika basenyakatho zizinkulu kakhulu. “

Njengoba ugesi ongashintshi uyingozi enkulu kangaka, singawuvikela kanjani? Uma siklama ukuvikelwa kwe-electrostatic, sivame ukukuhlukanisa kube izinyathelo ezintathu: ukuvimbela izindleko zangaphandle ukuthi zigelezele ebhodini lesifunda futhi zidale umonakalo; vimbela amandla kazibuthe angaphandle ekulimazeni ibhodi lesifunda; vimbela umonakalo ovela ezinkundleni ze-electrostatic.

Ekwakhiweni kwesekethe yangempela, sizosebenzisa indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo zokuvikela i-electrostatic:

1

Ama-avalanche diode okuvikela i-electrostatic
Lena futhi indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ekuklanyweni. Indlela ejwayelekile iwukuxhuma i-avalanche diode phansi ngokuhambisana emugqeni wesiginali yokhiye. Le ndlela iwukusebenzisa i-avalanche diode ukuze uphendule ngokushesha futhi ube nekhono lokuzinzisa i-clamping, engadla i-voltage ephezulu egxilile ngesikhathi esifushane ukuvikela ibhodi lesifunda.

2

Sebenzisa ama-high-voltage capacitor ukuze uvikele isekethe
Kule ndlela, ama-capacitor e-ceramic ane-voltage yokumelana okungenani i-1.5KV avame ukufakwa kusixhumi se-I / O noma indawo yesiginali yokhiye, futhi umugqa wokuxhuma ufushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe inductance yokuxhuma. umugqa. Uma i-capacitor ene-voltage ephansi yokumelana isetshenziswa, izodala umonakalo ku-capacitor futhi ilahlekelwe ukuvikelwa kwayo.

3

Sebenzisa ubuhlalu be-ferrite ukuvikela isifunda
Ubuhlalu be-Ferrite bunganciphisa i-ESD yamanje kahle kakhulu, futhi bungacindezela nemisebe. Lapho ubhekene nezinkinga ezimbili, i-ferrite bead iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu.

4

Indlela ye-Spark gap
Le ndlela ibonakala engxenyeni yezinto. Indlela eqondile iwukusebenzisa ithusi elingunxantathu namathiphu aqondaniswe namanye kungqimba lomugqa we-microstrip owenziwe ngethusi. Ingxenye eyodwa yethusi engunxantathu ixhunywe kulayini wesignali, kanti enye iyithusi elingunxantathu. Xhuma emhlabathini. Uma kunogesi omile, uzokhipha ukukhishwa okubukhali futhi udle amandla kagesi.

5

Sebenzisa indlela yokuhlunga ye-LC ukuze uvikele isekethe
Isihlungi esakhiwe yi-LC singanciphisa ngempumelelo ugesi we-static wefrikhwensi ephezulu ukuthi ungangeni kusekethe. Isici se-inductive reactance ye-inductor muhle ekuvimbeleni i-ESD yefrikhwensi ephezulu ukuthi ingangeni kwisekethe, kuyilapho i-capacitor ivala amandla ayimvamisa ephezulu ye-ESD iye phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lolu hlobo lwesihlungi lungaphinda lusheleleze unqenqema lwesiginali futhi lunciphise umphumela we-RF, futhi ukusebenza kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe ngokuya ngobuqotho besignali.

6

Ibhodi le-multilayer lokuvikelwa kwe-ESD
Uma izimali zivuma, ukukhetha ibhodi lezendlalelo eziningi futhi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela i-ESD. Ebhodini elinezingqimba eziningi, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona indiza yomhlabathi ephelele eduze komkhondo, lokhu kungenza umbhangqwana we-ESD uye endizeni ye-impedance ephansi ngokushesha, bese uvikela indima yezimpawu ezibalulekile.

7

Indlela yokushiya ibhande lokuvikela emaphethelweni omthetho wokuvikelwa kwebhodi lesifunda
Le ndlela ivame ukudweba iminonjana ezungeze ibhodi lesifunda ngaphandle kongqimba lwe-welding. Uma izimo zivuma, xhuma umkhondo endlini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umkhondo awukwazi ukwenza i-loop evaliwe, ukuze ungenzi i-antenna ye-loop futhi ubangele inkinga enkulu.

8

Sebenzisa amadivayisi e-CMOS noma amadivaysi e-TTL anama-clamping diode ukuze uvikele isekethe
Le ndlela isebenzisa isimiso sokuzihlukanisa ukuze sivikele ibhodi lesifunda. Ngenxa yokuthi lawa madivaysi avikelwe yi-clamping diode, ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo buyancipha ekwakhiweni kwesifunda sangempela.

9

Sebenzisa ama-decoupling capacitor
Lawa ma-decoupling capacitor kufanele abe namanani aphansi e-ESL kanye ne-ESR. Nge-ESD ye-low-frequency, ama-capacitor e-decoupling anciphisa indawo ye-loop. Ngenxa yomthelela we-ESL yayo, umsebenzi we-electrolyte uba buthaka, ongahlunga kangcono amandla e-high-frequency. .

Ngamafuphi, nakuba i-ESD imbi futhi ingaletha ngisho nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvikela amandla nemigqa yesignali kuphela kusekethe kungavimbela ngempumelelo i-ESD yamanje ukuthi ingagelezi ku-PCB. Phakathi kwabo, umphathi wami wayevame ukuthi "isisekelo esihle sebhodi yinkosi". Ngethemba ukuthi lo musho ungakulethela umphumela wokwephula ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka.