Ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukulimala kwe-capacitor kuphezulu kakhulu emishinini kagesi, futhi ukulimala kwama-electrolytic capacitor yikhona okuvamile. Ukusebenza kokulimala kwe-capacitor imi kanje:
1. Ikhono liba lincane; 2. Ukulahlekelwa amandla ngokuphelele; 3. Ukuvuza; 4. Isifunda esifushane.
Ama-Capacitors adlala indima ehlukene kumjikelezo, futhi amaphutha abangela anezici zawo. Emabhodini esifunda sokulawula izimboni, amasekethe edijithali alandisa ngeningi elikhulu, futhi ama-capacitor asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlunga kokuphakelwa kwamandla, futhi ama-capacitor amancane asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ama-signal coupling nama-oscillation circuits. Uma i-electrolytic capacitor esetshenziswa ekushintsheni kwamandla kagesi ilimele, ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshwa kungase kungadlidlizi, futhi akukho okukhipha i-voltage; noma i-voltage ephumayo ayihlungiwe kahle, futhi isifunda sinesiphithiphithi ngokunengqondo ngenxa yokungazinzi kwamandla kagesi, okubonisa ukuthi umshini usebenza kahle noma uphukile Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshini, uma i-capacitor ixhunywe phakathi kwezigxobo ezinhle nezimbi zokunikezwa kwamandla. wesifunda sedijithali, iphutha lizofana nelingenhla.
Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi kuma-motherboards ekhompyutha. Amakhompuyutha amaningi kwesinye isikhathi ayehluleka ukuvula ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angavulwa. Vula icala, ungakwazi ukubona ngokuvamile into ye-electrolytic capacitors bulging, uma ususa ama-capacitors ukukala umthamo , Kutholwe kuncane kakhulu kunenani langempela.
Ukuphila kwe-capacitor kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa le-ambient, impilo ye-capacitor iba mfushane. Lo mthetho awusebenzi kuphela kuma-electrolytic capacitors, kodwa nakwamanye ama-capacitor. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ama-capacitor angalungile, kufanele ugxile ekuhloleni ama-capacitor aseduze nomthombo wokushisa, njengama-capacitor eduze nomshini wokushisa kanye nezingxenye zamandla aphezulu. Lapho usondelana, amathuba okuba kulimaze ayanda.
Ngilungise ukunikezwa kwamandla komtshina we-X-ray flaw. Umsebenzisi ubike ukuthi kuphume intuthu kugesi. Ngemuva kokuhlakaza icala, kutholakale ukuthi kukhona i-capacitor enkulu engu-1000uF/350V enezinto ezinamafutha aphumayo. Susa inani elithile lomthamo Ingamashumi kuphela e-uF, futhi kutholakala ukuthi le capacitor kuphela eseduze kakhulu nosinki wokushisa webhuloho lokulungisa, kanti ezinye ezikude ziqinile ngomthamo ojwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-capacitor e-ceramic ayefushane, futhi ama-capacitor nawo atholakala esondelene nezingxenye zokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nokugcizelela okuthile lapho kuhlolwa futhi kulungiswa.
Amanye ama-capacitor anokuvuza okukhulu kwamandla, futhi aze ashise nezandla zakho lapho uthintwa ngeminwe yakho. Lolu hlobo lwe-capacitor kufanele lushintshwe.
Endabeni yokukhuphuka nokwehla ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukuthintana kabi, ukwehluleka okuningi kuvame ukubangelwa ukulimala kwe-capacitor. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlangabezana nokwehluleka okunjalo, ungagxila ekuhloleni ama-capacitors. Ngemva kokufaka ama-capacitors, kuvame ukumangala (Yebo, kufanele futhi unake izinga lama-capacitor, futhi ukhethe uhlobo olungcono, olufana noRuby, Black Diamond, njll.).
1. Izimpawu nokwahlulela kokulimala kokumelana
Kuvame ukubonakala ukuthi abaqalayo abaningi baphonsa ukumelana ngenkathi belungisa umjikelezo, futhi idilizwa futhi ihlanganiswe. Eqinisweni, isilungiswe kakhulu. Inqobo nje uma uqonda izici zomonakalo zokumelana, awudingi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi.
Ukumelana kuyisici esiningi kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi, kodwa akuyona ingxenye enezinga eliphezulu lomonakalo. Isekhethi evulekile iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomonakalo wokumelana. Akuvamile ukuthi inani lokumelana libe likhulu, futhi inani lokumelana libe lincane. Ezivamile zihlanganisa izinqamuleli zefilimu ye-carbon, izihlungi zefilimu yensimbi, izihlungi zenxeba lezintambo kanye nezinqamuli zomshuwalense.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala ze-resistors yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Esinye sezici zomonakalo wabo ukuthi izinga lokulimala lokumelana okuphansi (ngezansi kwe-100Ω) nokumelana okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-100kΩ) kuphezulu, futhi inani lokumelana eliphakathi (njengamakhulu ama-ohms kuya kumashumi ama-kiloohms) Umonakalo omncane kakhulu; Okwesibili, lapho ama-resistant-resistant-resistant alimala, avame ukushiswa futhi abe mnyama, okulula ukutholakala, kuyilapho ama-resistant-resistance aphezulu engavamile ukulimala.
Ama-Resistors e-Wirewound ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa umkhawulo ophezulu wamanje, futhi ukumelana akukukhulu. Lapho izinqamuleli zenxeba eziyi-cylindrical zisha, ezinye zizoba mnyama noma ingaphezulu liqhume noma liqhekeke, kanti ezinye ngeke zibe nazo umkhondo. Izithako zikasimende ziwuhlobo lwezinqamuli zenxeba zocingo, ezingase ziphuke lapho zishisiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube khona imikhondo ebonakalayo. Lapho i-fuse resistor isha, ucezu lwesikhumba luzophephethwa kwezinye izindawo, kanti ezinye azinawo umkhondo, kodwa azisoze zasha noma zibe mnyama. Ngokusho kwezici ezingenhla, ungagxila ekuhloleni ukumelana futhi uthole ngokushesha ukumelana okonakele.
Ngokwezici ezibalwe ngenhla, singaqale sibheke ukuthi izithasiselo ezimelana kancane ebhodini lesekethe zishise amamaki amnyama, bese ngokwezici ukuthi iningi lama-resistors avulekile noma ukumelana kuba kukhudlwana futhi ukumelana nokumelana okuphezulu. zonakaliswa kalula. Singasebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze silinganise ngokuqondile ukumelana kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-resistor ephezulu ebhodini lesifunda. Uma ukumelana okulinganiselwe kukhulu kunokuphikisana okubizwa ngokuthi, ukumelana kufanele konakaliswe (qaphela ukuthi ukumelana kuzinzile ngaphambi kokuboniswa Ekuphetheni, ngoba kungase kube nezakhi ze-capacitive parallel kumjikelezo, kukhona inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha), uma ukumelana okukaliwe kuncane kunokumelana nokulinganisa, ngokuvamile akunakwa. Ngale ndlela, konke ukumelana ebhodini lesifunda kulinganiswa futhi, ngisho noma inkulungwane eyodwa "ibulawa ngokungalungile", eyodwa ngeke iphuthelwe.
Okwesibili, indlela yokwahlulela ye-amplifier yokusebenza
Kunzima ukwahlulela izinga lama-amplifiers okusebenza kwabalungisi abaningi be-elekthronikhi, hhayi kuphela izinga lemfundo (kunabafundi abaningi abangaphansi kwe-undergraduates, uma ungafundisi, ngeke nakanjani, kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuqonda, kukhona okukhethekile Kuyafana nakubafundi abaneziqu abafundisi babo abafunda i-inverter control!), Ngingathanda ukuxoxa nawe lapha, futhi ngethemba ukuthi kuzoba usizo kuwo wonke umuntu.
I-amplifier yokusebenza efanelekile inezici "ze-virtual short" kanye "nekhefu elibonakalayo", lezi zici ezimbili ziwusizo kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni isekethe ye-amplifier yokusebenza yohlelo lokusebenza oluwumugqa. Ukuze uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa komugqa, i-op amp kufanele isebenze ku-loop evaliwe (impendulo engemihle). Uma ingekho impendulo engalungile, i-op amp ngaphansi kokukhulisa iluphu evulekile iba isiqhathanisi. Uma ufuna ukwahlulela ikhwalithi yedivayisi, kufanele uqale uhlukanise ukuthi idivayisi isetshenziswa njenge-amplifier noma isiqhathanisi kumjikelezo.