I-PCB ephelele esiyibuka ngeso lengqondo imvamisa iwunxande ojwayelekile. Nakuba imiklamo eminingi iwunxande ngempela, imiklamo eminingi idinga amabhodi esekethe anomumo ongavamile, futhi izimo ezinjalo ngokuvamile akulula ukuziklama. Lesi sihloko sichaza indlela yokuklama ama-PCB anomumo ongajwayelekile.
Namuhla, ubukhulu be-PCB bulokhu buncipha, futhi imisebenzi ebhodini lesifunda nayo iyanda. Ngokuhambisana nokwanda kwejubane lewashi, umklamo uba nzima nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi singabhekana kanjani namabhodi wesifunda anesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, umumo webhodi we-PCI olula ungadalwa kalula kumathuluzi amaningi we-EDA Wesakhiwo.
Kodwa-ke, lapho umumo webhodi lesifunda udinga ukulungiswa endaweni ebiyelwe eyinkimbinkimbi enemikhawulo yobude, akulula kangako kubaklami be-PCB, ngoba imisebenzi kulawa mathuluzi ayifani naleyo yezinhlelo ze-CAD zemishini. Ibhodi lesifunda eliyinkimbinkimbi eliboniswe kuMdwebo 2 lisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezingaqhumeki ngakho-ke kungaphansi kwemikhawulo eminingi yemishini. Ukwakha kabusha lolu lwazi kuthuluzi le-EDA kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside futhi kungasebenzi. Ngoba, onjiniyela bemishini kungenzeka badale indawo ebiyelwe, ukwakheka kwebhodi lesekethe, indawo yembobo ekhuphukayo, kanye nemikhawulo yobude edingwa umklami we-PCB.
Ngenxa ye-arc ne-radius ebhodini lesifunda, isikhathi sokwakha kabusha singase sibe side kunalokho okulindelekile ngisho noma umumo webhodi lesifunda ungenzima (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3).
Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezakhiwo zebhodi lesifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke, kusukela kumikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yomthengi wanamuhla, uzomangala ukuthola ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi azama ukwengeza yonke imisebenzi ephaketheni elincane, futhi le phakheji ayihlali i-rectangular. Kufanele ucabange ngama-smartphone namaphilisi kuqala, kodwa kunezibonelo eziningi ezifanayo.
Uma ubuyisela imoto eqashiwe, ungase ukwazi ukubona uweta efunda ulwazi lwemoto ngesithwebuli esiphathwa ngesandla, bese exhumana nehhovisi ngokungenantambo. Idivayisi iphinde ixhunywe kuphrinta eshisayo ukuze iphrinte irisidi esheshayo. Eqinisweni, wonke lawa madivaysi asebenzisa amabhodi wesifunda aqinile/aguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso 4), lapho amabhodi esifunda e-PCB endabuko exhunywe namasekethe aphrintiwe aguquguqukayo ukuze agoqwe abe isikhala esincane.
Bese-ke, umbuzo uthi "ukungenisa kanjani ukucaciswa kobunjiniyela bemishini kumathuluzi wokuklama we-PCB?" Ukusebenzisa kabusha le datha emidwebeni eyimishini kungaqeda ukuphindwaphindwa komsebenzi, futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, kuqede amaphutha abantu.
Singasebenzisa ifomethi ye-DXF, i-IDF noma ye-ProSTEP ukuze singenise lonke ulwazi ku-software ye-PCB Yesakhiwo ukuxazulula le nkinga. Ukwenza kanjalo kungonga isikhathi esiningi futhi kuqede amaphutha abantu okungenzeka. Okulandelayo, sizofunda mayelana nalawa mafomethi ngamunye ngamunye.
I-DXF ifomethi endala futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu, eshintshanisa kakhulu idatha phakathi kwesizinda sokuklama komshini ne-PCB nge-elekthronikhi. I-AutoCAD ithuthukiswe ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. Le fomethi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukushintshanisa idatha enezinhlangothi ezimbili. Iningi labathengisi bamathuluzi e-PCB bayayisekela le fomethi, futhi lenza ukushintshaniswa kwedatha kube lula. Ukungenisa/ukuthekelisa kwe-DXF kudinga imisebenzi eyengeziwe ukuze ulawule izendlalelo, amabhizinisi ahlukene namayunithi azosetshenziswa enqubweni yokushintshisana. Umfanekiso wesi-5 uyisibonelo sokusebenzisa ithuluzi le-PADS le-Mentor Graphics ukungenisa umumo webhodi lesifunda oyinkimbinkimbi ngefomethi ye-DXF:
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imisebenzi ye-3D yaqala ukuvela kumathuluzi e-PCB, ngakho ifomethi engadlulisa idatha ye-3D phakathi kwemishini namathuluzi e-PCB iyadingeka. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Mentor Graphics ithuthukise ifomethi ye-IDF, eyabe isisetshenziswa kabanzi ukudlulisa ibhodi lesifunda nolwazi lwengxenye phakathi kwama-PCB namathuluzi emishini.
Nakuba ifomethi ye-DXF ihlanganisa usayizi webhodi nogqinsi, ifomethi ye-IDF isebenzisa indawo engu-X kanye no-Y yengxenye, inombolo yengxenye, nobude be-axis engu-Z bengxenye. Le fomethi ithuthukisa kakhulu amandla okubona ngeso lengqondo i-PCB ngokubuka kwezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ifayela le-IDF lingafaka nolunye ulwazi mayelana nendawo ekhawulelwe, njengemikhawulo yobude phezulu nangaphansi kwebhodi lesekhethi.
Isistimu idinga ukwazi ukulawula okuqukethwe efayeleni le-IDF ngendlela efanayo nesethingi yepharamitha ye-DXF, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Uma izingxenye ezithile zingenalo ulwazi lobude, ukuthekelisa kwe-IDF kungangeza ulwazi olungekho ngesikhathi sokudala. inqubo.
Enye inzuzo yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-IDF ukuthi noma yiliphi iqembu lingahambisa izingxenye endaweni entsha noma liguqule umumo webhodi, bese lidala ifayela le-IDF elihlukile. Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi lonke ifayela elimele ibhodi nezinguquko zengxenye kudingeka liphinde lingeniswe, futhi kwezinye izimo, kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ngenxa yosayizi wefayela. Ukwengeza, kunzima ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenziwe ngefayela elisha le-IDF, ikakhulukazi kumabhodi esekethe amakhulu. Abasebenzisi be-IDF bangagcina benze imibhalo yangokwezifiso ukuze banqume lezi zinguquko.
Ukuze kudluliselwe kangcono idatha ye-3D, abaklami bafuna indlela ethuthukisiwe, futhi ifomethi ye-STEP yavela. Ifomethi ye-STEP ingadlulisa usayizi webhodi kanye nesakhiwo sengxenye, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ingxenye ayisewona umumo olula onevelu yobude kuphela. Imodeli yengxenye ye-STEP inikeza ukumelwa okunemininingwane nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezingxenye ngefomu lezinhlangothi ezintathu. Kokubili ibhodi lesifunda nolwazi lwengxenye kungadluliswa phakathi kwe-PCB nemishini. Nokho, akukabikho indlela yokulandelela izinguquko.
Ukuze sithuthukise ukushintshaniswa kwamafayela we-STEP, sethule ifomethi ye-ProSTEP. Le fomethi ingahambisa idatha efanayo njenge-IDF kanye ne-STEP, futhi inokuthuthukiswa okuhle kakhulu-ingakwazi ukulandelela izinguquko, futhi inganikeza amandla okusebenza ohlelweni lwangempela lwesihloko futhi ibuyekeze noma yiziphi izinguquko ngemva kokusungula isisekelo. Ngokungeziwe ekubukeni izinguquko, i-PCB nonjiniyela bemishini bangagunyaza zonke noma izinguquko zengxenye ngayinye ekulungisweni kwesakhiwo nokuma kwebhodi. Bangakwazi futhi ukuphakamisa osayizi abahlukene bebhodi noma izindawo zezingxenye. Lokhu kuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe kusungula i-ECO (I-Engineering Change Order) engakaze ibe khona ngaphambili phakathi kwe-ECAD neqembu lemishini (Umfanekiso 7).
Namuhla, izinhlelo eziningi ze-ECAD kanye nemishini ye-CAD zisekela ukusetshenziswa kwefomethi ye-ProSTEP ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana, ngaleyo ndlela konga isikhathi esiningi nokunciphisa amaphutha abizayo angabangelwa imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-electromechanical. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, onjiniyela bangakha umumo webhodi lesifunda eliyinkimbinkimbi elinemikhawulo eyengeziwe, bese bedlulisela lolu lwazi nge-elekthronikhi ukuze bagweme othile ukuchaza kabusha usayizi webhodi ngokungalungile, ngaleyo ndlela onge isikhathi.
Uma ungazange usebenzise la mafomethi edatha e-DXF, i-IDF, STEP noma i-ProSTEP ukuze ushintshisane ngolwazi, kufanele uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Cabangela ukusebenzisa lokhu kushintshaniswa kwedatha ye-elekthronikhi ukuze uyeke ukuchitha isikhathi ukuze udale kabusha umumo webhodi lesifunda eliyinkimbinkimbi.