1. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhala phakathi nenqubo yokuklama ye-PCB kuhlanganisa:

I-slotting ebangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla noma izindiza eziphansi; uma kunezinsiza eziningi ezahlukene zamandla noma izizathu ku-PCB, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukunikeza indiza ephelele kunethiwekhi ngayinye yokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nenethiwekhi yaphansi. Indlela evamile ukuhlukanisa amandla noma ukwahlukanisa umhlaba ezindizeni eziningi. Izikhala zenziwa phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene endizeni eyodwa.

Izimbobo ezidlulayo ziminyene kakhulu ukwenza izikhala (ngezimbobo zifaka amaphedi nama-vias); lapho izimbobo zidlula ungqimba lomhlabathi noma ungqimba lwamandla ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kukagesi kuzo, isikhala esithile sidinga ukushiywa sizungeze izimbobo zokuhlukanisa ugesi; kodwa uma izimbobo ezidlulayo Lapho izimbobo zisondelene kakhulu, amasongo e-spacer ayangena, kwakheka izikhala.

2. Umthelela wokufakwa esikhundleni ekusebenzeni kwe-EMC yenguqulo ye-PCB

I-Grooving izoba nomthelela othile ekusebenzeni kwe-EMC kwebhodi le-PCB. Lo mthelela ungase ube mubi noma ube muhle. Okokuqala sidinga ukuqonda ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje okungaphezulu kwamasignali anesivinini esikhulu namasignali anesivinini esiphansi. Ngejubane eliphansi, lamanje ligeleza endleleni yokumelana okuphansi kakhulu. Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa ukuthi uma ijubane eliphansi lamanje ligeleza lisuka ku-A liye ku-B, isignali yalo yokubuya ibuya ukusuka endizeni yaphansi iye emthonjeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusabalalisa kwamanje okungaphezulu kubanzi.

Ngesivinini esiphezulu, umphumela we-inductance endleleni yokubuyisela isignali uzodlula umphumela wokumelana. Izimpawu zokubuya kwesivinini esikhulu zizogeleza endleleni ye-impedance ephansi kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusabalalisa kwamanje okungaphezulu kuncane kakhulu, futhi isignali yokubuyisela igxilwe ngaphansi komugqa wesignali kunqwaba.

Uma kukhona amasekhethi angahambelani ku-PCB, ukucutshungulwa “kokuhlukaniswa komhlaba” kuyadingeka, okungukuthi, izindiza ezingaphansi komhlaba zisethwa ngokwehlukana ngokuya ngama-voltage ahlukene okuphakelwa kwamandla, amasignali edijithali nawe-analog, amasignali anesivinini esikhulu kanye nesivinini esiphansi, kanye nephezulu yamanje. kanye nezimpawu eziphansi zamanje. Kusukela ekusabalaliseni isignali yesivinini esikhulu kanye nesivinini esiphansi sokubuya kwesignali enikezwe ngenhla, kungaqondwa kalula ukuthi ukubeka phansi okuhlukene kungavimbela ukubekwa okuphezulu kwamasignali okubuyisela kusuka kumasekhethi angahambelani futhi kuvimbele ukuhlangana komugqa ovamile we-impedance.

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amasiginali anesivinini esikhulu noma amasignali anesivinini esiphansi, lapho imigqa yesignali inqamula izikhala endizeni yamandla noma endizeni yaphansi, kuzokwenzeka izinkinga ezinkulu eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

Ukwandisa indawo yeluphu yamanje kukhulisa i-loop inductance, okwenza i-waveform okukhiphayo kube lula uku-oscillate;

Olayini besignali besivinini esikhulu abadinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-impedance futhi bahanjiswa ngokuya ngemodeli ye-stripline, imodeli ye-stripline izobhujiswa ngenxa yokuboleka kwendiza engaphezulu noma indiza ephansi noma izindiza ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi, okuholela ekunqanyulweni kokuvinjwa kanye nokungathi sína. isignali yobuqotho. izinkinga zocansi;

Ikhuphula ukuphuma kwemisebe emkhathini futhi isengozini yokuphazamiseka kusuka ezindaweni kazibuthe zasemkhathini;

Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ku-loop inductance kwakha umthombo wemisebe yemodi evamile, futhi imisebe yemodi evamile ikhiqizwa ngamakhebuli angaphandle;

Khulisa amathuba e-high-frequency signal crosstalk namanye amasekethe ebhodini.

Uma kukhona amasekhethi angahambelani ku-PCB, ukucutshungulwa “kokuhlukaniswa komhlaba” kuyadingeka, okungukuthi, izindiza ezingaphansi komhlaba zisethwa ngokwehlukana ngokuya ngama-voltage ahlukene okuphakelwa kwamandla, amasignali edijithali nawe-analog, amasignali anesivinini esikhulu kanye nesivinini esiphansi, kanye nephezulu yamanje. kanye nezimpawu eziphansi zamanje. Kusukela ekusabalaliseni isignali yesivinini esikhulu kanye nesivinini esiphansi sokubuya kwesignali enikezwe ngenhla, kungaqondwa kalula ukuthi ukubeka phansi okuhlukene kungavimbela ukubekwa okuphezulu kwamasignali okubuyisela kusuka kumasekhethi angahambelani futhi kuvimbele ukuhlangana komugqa ovamile we-impedance.

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amasiginali anesivinini esikhulu noma amasignali anesivinini esiphansi, lapho imigqa yesignali inqamula izikhala endizeni yamandla noma endizeni yaphansi, kuzokwenzeka izinkinga ezinkulu eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

Ukwandisa indawo yeluphu yamanje kukhulisa i-loop inductance, okwenza i-waveform okukhiphayo kube lula uku-oscillate;

Olayini besignali besivinini esikhulu abadinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-impedance futhi bahanjiswa ngokuya ngemodeli ye-stripline, imodeli ye-stripline izobhujiswa ngenxa yokuboleka kwendiza engaphezulu noma indiza ephansi noma izindiza ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi, okuholela ekunqanyulweni kokuvinjwa kanye nokungathi sína. isignali yobuqotho. izinkinga zocansi;

Ikhuphula ukuphuma kwemisebe emkhathini futhi isengozini yokuphazamiseka kusuka ezindaweni kazibuthe zasemkhathini;

Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi aphezulu ku-loop inductance kwakha umthombo wemisebe yemodi evamile, futhi imisebe yemodi evamile ikhiqizwa ngamakhebuli angaphandle;

Khulisa amathuba e-high-frequency signal crosstalk namanye amasekethe ebhodini

3. PCB design izindlela slotting

Ukucubungula ama-grooves kufanele kulandele izimiso ezilandelayo:

Olayini besignali besivinini esikhulu abadinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-impedance, ukulandela kwabo kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ekuweleni imigqa ehlukanisiwe ukuze kugwenywe ukubangela ukungaqhubeki kwe-impedance nokudangala izinkinga ezinkulu zesignali yobuqotho;

Uma kukhona amasekhethi angahambelani ku-PCB, ukuhlukaniswa komhlabathi kufanele kwenziwe, kodwa ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba akufanele kubangele imigqa yesignali yesivinini esikhulu ukuba inqamule izintambo ezihlukene, futhi uzame ukungabangeli imigqa yesignali yesivinini esiphansi ukuba iwele izintambo ezihlukene;

Uma umzila unqamula izikhala ungagwemeki, kufanele kwenziwe ibhuloho;

Isixhumi (sangaphandle) akufanele sibekwe phezu kongqimba lomhlabathi. Uma kunomehluko omkhulu ongase ube khona phakathi kwephuzu A nephuzu B kungqimba lomhlabathi esithombeni, imisebe yemodi evamile ingase yenziwe ngekhebula langaphandle;

Lapho uklama ama-PCB wezixhumi eziminyanisa kakhulu, ngaphandle uma kunezidingo ezikhethekile, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi inethiwekhi ephansi izungeza iphinikhodi ngayinye. Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlela inethiwekhi yomhlabathi ngokulinganayo lapho uhlela izikhonkwane ukuze uqinisekise ukuqhubeka kwendiza yaphansi futhi uvimbele Ukukhiqizwa kwe-slotting