Idizayini ye-PCB ye-Multilayer (ibhodi yesekethe ephrintiwe) ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi umklamo udinga ukusetshenziswa kwezingqimba ezingaphezu kwesibili kusho ukuthi inani elidingekayo lezindawo ama-circuits ngeke likwazi ukufakwa kuphela ezindaweni eziphezulu nangaphansi. Noma ngabe umjikelezo uvumelana nalezi zingqimba zangaphandle ezimbili, umklami we-PCB anganquma ukwengeza amandla nezingqimba zangaphakathi ukuze zilungise iziphambeko zokusebenza.
Ukusuka ezindabeni ezishisayo kuya kwi-EMI eyinkimbinkimbi ye-EMI (Ukuphazanyiswa Kwe-Electromagnetic) noma i-ESD (Ukukhishwa Kwe-Electrostatic), kunezici eziningi ezahlukene ezingaholela ekusebenzeni kwesifunda esingaphansi futhi kudingeka zixazululwe. Kodwa-ke, yize umsebenzi wakho wokuqala njengoMklami ukulungisa izinkinga zikagesi, akubalulekile ukunganaki ukucushwa komzimba kweBhodi Yesekethe. Amabhodi kagesi angaqondakali angaguqa noma asonteke, okwenza umhlangano unzima noma akwenzeki. Ngenhlanhla, ukunaka ukucushwa ngokomzimba kwe-PCB ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokuqamba kuzonciphisa izinkathazo zesikhathi esizayo. Ibhalansi ye-Layer-to-Layer ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zebhodi elizinzile lomjikelezo.
01
Ukubhala okulinganiselayo kwe-PCB
Ukufakwa ngokulinganisela kuyindawo lapho ingaphezulu lesendlalelo kanye nesakhiwo sengxenye yesigaba sebhodi lesifunda esiphrintiwe sobabili silingana kahle. Inhloso ukuqeda izindawo ezingalimaza uma zingabhekiswa ekucindezelweni ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sesigaba sokumangalisa. Lapho ibhodi yesekethe lilonakalisiwe, kunzima ukulibeka likulimazele umhlangano. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumabhodi wesifunda azohlanganiswa kwi-automate surface ntamba ntlent kanye nemigqa yokubeka. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ama-deformation angavimba ngisho nomhlangano we-PCBA eqoqekile (ephrintiwe umhlangano webhodi lesekethe) emkhiqizweni wokugcina.
Izindinganiso zokuhlola ze-IPC kufanele zivimbele amabhodi agobe kakhulu asuka ekufinyeleleni imishini yakho. Noma kunjalo, uma inqubo yomakhiqizi we-PCB ingapheleli ngokuphelele, khona-ke imbangela yokugoba kakhulu isahlobene nokwakhiwa. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwe-PCB futhi wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokubeka i-oda lakho lokuqala le-prototype. Lokhu kungavimbela izivuno ezingezinhle.
02
Isigaba seBhodi Yesekethe
Isizathu esihlobene nesandla esihlobene nokuthi ibhodi yesekethe eliphrintiwe ngeke likwazi ukufezekisa ukuthopha okwamukelekayo ngoba isakhiwo salo sesiphambano siyi-asymmetric mayelana nesikhungo sayo. Isibonelo, uma ukwakhiwa kwengqimba engu-8 kusebenzisa izingqimba ezi-4 zesiginali noma i-Copper ngaphezulu kwesikhungo esimboza izindiza zasendaweni ezimbalwa, lapho okuqukethwe okukodwa kwesitaki esiseduze, lapho okuqukethwe kuhlaselwe khona, lonke i-laminate lizodonswa.
Ngakho-ke, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukuklama isitaki ukuze uhlobo lwesendlalelo lwethusi (indiza noma isiginali) lubunjiwe mayelana nesikhungo. Esinambeni esingezansi, izinhlobo eziphezulu nezingaphansi zilandelana, i-L2-L7, L3-L6 ne-L4-L5. Cishe ukumbozwa kwethusi kuzo zonke izingqimba zesiginali kuqhathaniswa, ngenkathi ungqimba lweplanethi ikakhulukazi lakhiwa nge-cast yethusi eqinile. Uma lokhu kunjalo, khona-ke iBhodi yesekethe linethuba elihle lokuqedela indawo eyisicaba, eyisicaba, elungele umhlangano ozenzakalelayo.
03
Ubukhulu obuqili be-PCB dielectric
Kungumkhuba omuhle kakhulu wokulinganisa ubukhulu bengqimba ye-dielectric yesitaki sonke. Ngokufanelekile, ukushuba kwesendlalelo ngasinye se-dielectric kufanele kubukwe ngendlela efanayo njengoba uhlobo lwesendlalelo lubunjiwe.
Lapho ubukhulu buhlukile, kungaba nzima ukuthola iqembu elibonakalayo okulula ukukwenza. Kwesinye isikhathi ngenxa yezici ezinjengomlandeli we-antenna, ukufakwa kwe-asymmetric kungangenakugwenywa, ngoba ibanga elikhulu kakhulu phakathi komlandeli we-antenna kanye nethebula lezethenjwa kungadingeka, kepha sicela uqinisekise ukuthi uhlola futhi ukhiphe konke ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Ezinye izinketho. Lapho kudingeka isikhala se-dielectric diecectric, iningi labakhiqizi lizocela ukuphumula noma ukulahla iminsalo nokusonteka kokuvuthayo, futhi uma bengakwazi ukudela, bangahle bayeke umsebenzi. Abafuni ukwakha kabusha amabhethri ahlukahlukene abizayo anezithelo eziphansi, bese ekugcineni athola amayunithi afanele afanelekile azohlangabezana nenani le-oda lasekuqaleni.
04
Inkinga yokuqina ye-PCB
Iminsalo nama-Twists yizinkinga zekhwalithi ezivame kakhulu. Lapho isitaki sakho singalingani, kunesinye isimo kwesinye isikhathi esidala impikiswano ekuhlolweni kokugcina - ubukhulu be-PCB bukhona ngezikhundla ezahlukahlukene ebhodini lesekethe kuzoshintsha. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukwakheka okuncane okuncane futhi okungajwayelekile, kepha kungenzeka uma ukwakheka kwakho kuhlale kuhlangene ne-Copper yethusi ezingxenyeni eziningi endaweni efanayo. Kuvame ukubonwa emabhodini asebenzisa okungenani ama-ounces ama-2 ethusi kanye nenani eliphakeme lezendlalelo. Okwenzekile ukuthi enye indawo yeBhodi yayinengxenye enkulu yendawo ethululelwe yiCopper, kanti enye ingxenye yayingenalo ithusi. Lapho lezi zingqimba zihlanjululwe ndawonye, uhlangothi oluqukethe ithusi lucindezelwe lube bukhulu, kuyilapho uhlangothi olungenama-Copper-free noma olungenayo lwethusi lucindezelwa phansi.
Amabhodi amaningi wesifunda asebenzisa i-Half Ounce noma i-Open Copper ngeke athinteke kakhulu, kepha okusindayo kwethusi, kuncipha kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma unezendlalelo eziyi-8 zama-ounces ama-3 ethusi, izindawo ezinokuvalwa kwethusi okulula zingawela kalula ngaphansi kokubekezelelana okuphelele. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, qiniseka ukuthi uthulula ithusi ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ungqimba. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka ukucatshangelwa kukagesi noma kwesisindo, okungenani engeza amanye ama-plated ngezimbobo ku-light Copper ungqimba bese uqinisekisa ukufaka amaphakethe ezimbobo kungqimba kungqimba ngalunye. Lezi zinhlaka ze-hole / pad zizohlinzeka ukwesekwa kwemishini ku-axis y, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukulahleka kobukhulu.
05
Umhlatshelo Impumelelo
Noma ngabe uklama futhi ubeka ama-PCB enobungqingili, kufanele unake ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nesakhiwo somzimba, noma ngabe udinga ukuyekethisa kulezi zinto ezimbili ukufezekisa ukwakheka okusebenzayo nokwakhiwa okusebenzayo. Lapho ulinganisa izinketho ezahlukahlukene, khumbula ukuthi uma kunzima noma kungenakwenzeka ukugcwalisa ingxenye ngenxa yokwehla komnsalo kanye namafomu asontekile, umklamo onezimpawu eziphelele zikagesi asizisebenzisile. Balance isitaki bese unaka ukusatshalaliswa kwethusi kungqimba ngalunye. Lezi zinyathelo zandisa amathuba okugcina ukuthola ibhodi yesekethe okulula ukuhlanganisa nokufaka.