Ukwakhiwa kwe-PCB ye-multilayer (ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe) kungaba nzima kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi umklamo udinga ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwezingqimba ezingaphezu kwezimbili kusho ukuthi inombolo edingekayo yamasekethe ngeke ikwazi ukufakwa kuphela ezindaweni eziphezulu nangaphansi. Ngisho noma isifunda singena ezandlalweni ezimbili zangaphandle, umklami we-PCB anganquma ukwengeza amandla nezingqimba zomhlabathi ngaphakathi ukuze alungise amaphutha okusebenza.

Kusukela ezindabeni ezishisayo kuya ezinkingeni ze-EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) noma ze-ESD (Electrostatic Discharge), kunezici eziningi ezihlukene ezingaholela ekusebenzeni kwesekethe engaphansi futhi edinga ukuxazululwa futhi iqedwe. Nokho, nakuba umsebenzi wakho wokuqala njengomklami kuwukulungisa izinkinga zikagesi, kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukungakushayi indiva ukucushwa okungokomzimba kwebhodi lesifunda. Amabhodi angenawo ugesi angase agobe noma asonteke, enze ukuhlanganisa kube nzima noma kungenzeki. Ngenhlanhla, ukunaka ukucushwa ngokomzimba kwe-PCB phakathi nomjikelezo wokuklama kuzonciphisa izinkinga zenhlangano ezizayo. Ibhalansi ye-Layer-to-layer ingenye yezici ezibalulekile zebhodi lesekethe elizinzile.

01
Ukupakishwa kwe-PCB okulinganiselayo

Ukupakisha okulinganiselwe kuyinqwaba lapho ungqimba olungaphezulu kanye nesakhiwo esiphambanayo sebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe kokubili kuvumelana ngokunengqondo. Inhloso iwukuqeda izindawo ezingase ziwohloke lapho zingaphansi kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sesigaba se-lamination. Lapho ibhodi lesifunda likhubazekile, kuba nzima ukulendlalela ukuze lihlanganiswe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumabhodi esekethe azohlanganiswa endaweni yokukhweza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nemigqa yokubeka. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kungavimbela ngisho nokuhlangana kwe-PCBA ehlanganisiwe (umhlangano webhodi lesifunda ophrintiwe) emkhiqizweni wokugcina.

Izindinganiso zokuhlola ze-IPC kufanele zivimbele amabhodi agobe kakhulu ukuthi angafinyeleli okokusebenza kwakho. Noma kunjalo, uma inqubo yomkhiqizi we-PCB ingalawuleki ngokuphelele, khona-ke imbangela yokugoba okuningi isahlobene nomklamo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela isakhiwo se-PCB futhi wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda lakho lokuqala le-prototype. Lokhu kungavimbela isivuno esibi.

02
Isigaba sebhodi lesifunda

Isizathu esivamile esihlobene nokuklama ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe ngeke likwazi ukuzuza flatness eyamukelekayo ngoba isakhiwo salo se-cross-sectional asymmetric mayelana nesikhungo salo. Isibonelo, uma idizayini enezendlalelo eziyisi-8 isebenzisa izendlalelo zesignali ezi-4 noma ithusi phakathi nendawo imboza izindiza zasendaweni ezilula uma kuqhathaniswa nezindiza ezi-4 eziqinile ngokuqhathaniswa ngezansi, ukucindezelwa kolunye uhlangothi lwesitaki ngokuhlobene nolunye kungase kubangele Ngemva kokushumeka, lapho okubalulekile. i-laminated ngokushisa nokucindezela, yonke i-laminate izokhubazeka.

Ngakho-ke, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukuklama isitaki ukuze uhlobo lwesendlalelo sethusi (indiza noma isignali) luboniswe ngokuphathelene nendawo. Emfanekisweni ongezansi, izinhlobo eziphezulu neziphansi ziyahambelana, i-L2-L7, i-L3-L6 ne-L4-L5 ifana. Mhlawumbe ukumbozwa kwethusi kuzo zonke izingqimba zesignali kuyaqhathaniswa, kuyilapho ungqimba oluyipulani lwakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngethusi eliqinile eliqinile. Uma kunjalo, khona-ke ibhodi lesifunda linethuba elihle lokuqedela indawo eyisicaba, eyisicaba, elungele umhlangano ozenzakalelayo.

03
PCB dielectric layer ukujiya

Kungumkhuba omuhle futhi ukulinganisa ukujiya kongqimba lwe-dielectric lwaso sonke isitaki. Ngokufanelekile, ubukhulu bongqimba ngalunye lwe-dielectric kufanele buboniswe ngendlela efanayo njengoba uhlobo lwesendlalelo luboniswa.

Uma ubukhulu buhlukile, kungase kube nzima ukuthola iqembu lezinto ezilula ukulenza. Ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yezici ezifana nokulandelelwa kwe-antenna, ukupakishwa kwe-asymmetric kungase kungenakugwemeka, ngoba ibanga elikhulu kakhulu phakathi komkhondo we-antenna nendiza yayo eyinkomba ingase idingeke, kodwa sicela uqinisekise ukuthi uhlola futhi uqede konke ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Ezinye izinketho. Lapho kudingeka isikhala se-dielectric esingalingani, abakhiqizi abaningi bazocela ukuphumula noma ukulahla ngokuphelele ukubekezelelana komnsalo nokusonta, futhi uma bengakwazi ukuyeka, bangase bayeke umsebenzi. Abafuni ukwakha kabusha amaqoqo amaningana abizayo anesivuno esincane, bese ekugcineni bathola amayunithi afaneleka ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nenani le-oda langempela.

04
Inkinga yokuqina kwe-PCB

Iminsalo nama-twist yizinkinga zekhwalithi ezivame kakhulu. Uma isitaki sakho singalingani, kunesinye isimo kwesinye isikhathi esidala impikiswano ekuhlolweni kokugcina-ugqinsi lwe-PCB oluphelele ezindaweni ezahlukene ebhodini lesifunda luzoshintsha. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukweqa kwedizayini okubonakala kuncane futhi akuvamile, kodwa kungenzeka uma isakhiwo sakho sihlala sinokumbozwa kwekhopha okungalingani ezendlalelo eziningi endaweni efanayo. Ngokuvamile kubonakala emabhodini asebenzisa okungenani ama-ounces angu-2 ethusi kanye nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezendlalelo. Okwenzekile ukuthi enye indawo yebhodi yayinendawo enkulu ethelwe ngethusi, kanti enye yayingenalo ithusi. Uma lezi zingqimba zihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​uhlangothi oluqukethe ithusi lucindezelwa phansi lube ugqinsi, kuyilapho uhlangothi olungenayo ithusi noma olungenayo ithusi lucindezelwa phansi.

Amabhodi amaningi wesifunda asebenzisa uhhafu we-ounce noma i-ounce yethusi e-1 ngeke athinteke kakhulu, kodwa uma ithusi lisinda kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma unezendlalelo ezingu-8 zama-ounces angu-3 ekhopha, izindawo ezinekhopha elula zingawela ngaphansi kwenani eliphelele lokubekezelela ukushuba. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, qiniseka ukuthi uthele ithusi ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke ungqimba olungaphezulu. Uma lokhu kungenangqondo ekucabangeni kukagesi noma kwesisindo, okungenani engeza okunye okugqinswe ngezimbobo kungqimba lwethusi olukhanyayo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlanganisa amaphedi ezimbobo kusendlalelo ngasinye. Lezi zakhiwo zembobo/iphedi zizohlinzeka ngosekelo lwemishini ku-eksisi ye-Y, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise ukulahleka kogqinsi.

05
Ukudela impumelelo

Ngisho nalapho uklama futhi ubeka ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi, kufanele unake kokubili ukusebenza kukagesi kanye nesakhiwo somzimba, ngisho noma udinga ukuyekethisa kulezi zici ezimbili ukuze uzuze umklamo ongokoqobo nongenziwanga jikelele. Uma ulinganisa izinketho ezihlukahlukene, khumbula ukuthi uma kunzima noma kungenakwenzeka ukugcwalisa ingxenye ngenxa yokuguqulwa komnsalo namafomu asontekile, umklamo onezici eziphelele zikagesi awusebenzi kangako. Linganisa isitaki futhi unake ukusatshalaliswa kwethusi kusendlalelo ngasinye. Lezi zinyathelo zandisa amathuba okuthi ekugcineni uthole ibhodi lesifunda okulula ukulihlanganisa nokulifaka.