Ukufika kwama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi
Ngokomlando, amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe ayebonakala ngokuyinhloko ngesakhiwo sawo esisodwa noma esinezendlalelo ezimbili, esibeka izithiyo ekufanelekeni kwawo kwezicelo zamaza aphezulu ngenxa yokonakala kwesiginali kanye nokuphazanyiswa kukagesi kagesi (EMI). Noma kunjalo, ukwethulwa kwamabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anezendlalelo eziningi kuholele entuthukweni ephawulekayo yobuqotho besignali, ukuncishiswa kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMI), kanye nokusebenza kukonke.
Ama-PCB anezendlalelo eziningi (Umfanekiso 1) aqukethe izendlalelo eziningi zokuqhuba ezihlukaniswa ngama-substrates avikelayo. Lo mklamo uvumela ukudluliswa kwamasignali nezindiza zamandla ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi.
Amabhodi esekethe ephrintiwe anezendlalelo eziningi (ama-PCB) ahlukaniswa kozakwabo abanesendlalelo esisodwa noma ezimbili ngokuba khona kwezingqimba ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ezihlukanisayo ezihlukaniswa ngezinto ezivikelayo, ezivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi izendlalelo ze-dielectric. Ukuxhumana kwalezi zendlalelo kwenziwa lula ngama-vias, okungamaphaseji amancane ahambayo enza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingqimba ezihlukene. Idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi yama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi inika amandla ukuhlangana okukhulu kwezingxenye kanye nokujikeleza okuyinkimbinkimbi, okubenza babaluleke kubuchwepheshe besimanje.
Ama-PCB angama-Multilayer ngokuvamile abonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuqina ngenxa yenselele engokwemvelo yokuzuza izendlalelo eziningi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-PCB esiguquguqukayo. Ukuxhunywa kukagesi phakathi kwezendlalelo kusungulwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-vias (umfanekiso 2), okuhlanganisa nezimbobo ezingaboni kanye nezigqitshiwe.
Ukucushwa kuhlanganisa ukubekwa kwezingqimba ezimbili endaweni ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB) nendawo yangaphandle. Ngokuvamile, ukuminyana kwezingqimba kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB) kuyalingana. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthambekela kwezinombolo ezingavamile ezindabeni ezifana ne-warping.
Inani lezendlalelo livamise ukuhluka kuye ngohlelo oluthile, ngokuvamile oluwela phakathi kwebanga lezendlalelo ezine kuya kweziyishumi nambili.
Ngokuvamile, iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza lidinga okungenani izendlalelo ezine kanye nenani eliphakeme lezingqimba eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngokuphambene, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nama-smartphones zisebenzisa kakhulu izendlalelo eziyishumi nambili.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko
Ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-elekthronikhi (Umfanekiso 3), okuhlanganisa:
●I-Consumer electronics, lapho ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi edlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla adingekayo namasiginali ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo efana nama-smartphone, amathebulethi, amakhonsoli amageyimu, namadivayisi agqokekayo. Izinto zikagesi ezishelelayo neziphathwayo esithembele kuzo nsuku zonke zibangelwa ukwakheka kwazo okuhlangene kanye nokuminyana kwezingxenye eziphezulu.
● Emkhakheni wezokuxhumana, ukusetshenziswa kwama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi kusiza ukudluliswa kahle kwezwi, idatha, namasignali evidiyo kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi, ngalokho kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokusebenzayo.
● Amasistimu okulawula izimboni ancike kakhulu kumabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe anezingqimba eziningi (ama-PCB) ngenxa yamandla awo okuphatha ngempumelelo amasistimu okulawula ayinkimbinkimbi, izindlela zokuqapha, nezinqubo zokuzenzakalela. Amaphaneli okulawula umshini, amarobhothi, kanye ne-automation yezimboni kuncike kuwo njengohlelo lwawo oluyisisekelo lokusekela
●Ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi nawo abalulekile kumadivayisi ezokwelapha, njengoba abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba, ukwethembeka, nokubumbana. Imishini yokuxilonga, izinhlelo zokuqapha isiguli, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha esindisa ukuphila kuthonywa kakhulu indima yazo ebalulekile.
Izinzuzo kanye nezinzuzo
Ama-PCB anezingqimba eziningi ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo nezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngamaza aphezulu, okuhlanganisa:
● Ubuqotho besignali obuthuthukisiwe: Ama-PCB anezendlalelo eziningi asiza ukulawulwa kwe-impedance, anciphise ukuhlanekezela kwesignali futhi aqinisekise ukudluliswa okuthembekile kwamasignali amaza aphezulu. Ukuphazamiseka kwesignali ephansi yamabhodi esekethe ephrintiwe anezendlalelo eziningi kuphumela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe, isivinini, nokwethembeka.
● I-EMI Encishisiwe: Ngokusebenzisa izindiza ezizinikezele ezisekelwe phansi namandla, ama-PCB anezendlalelo eziningi acindezela ngempumelelo i-EMI, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukwethembeka kwesistimu futhi anciphise ukuphazamiseka kwamasekhethi angomakhelwane.
●Idizayini Ehlangene: Ngekhono lokwamukela izingxenye ezengeziwe nezikimu zendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ama-PCB anezendlalelo eziningi anika amandla imiklamo ehlangene, ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezisebenza emkhathini ezifana namadivayisi eselula nezinhlelo ze-aerospace.
● Ukuphathwa Kwe-Thermal Okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-PCB anezendlalelo eziningi anikeza ukuchithwa kokushisa okuphumelelayo ngokuhlanganisa ama-vias ashisayo kanye nezendlalelo zethusi ezibekwe ngendlela ehlelekile, okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka nempilo yezingxenye zamandla aphezulu.
●Ukuguquguquka Kwedizayini: Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kwama-PCB anezendlalelo eziningi kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwedizayini, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bathuthukise amapharamitha okusebenza afana nokumatanisa okuvimbelekile, ukubambezeleka kokusabalalisa isignali, nokusabalalisa amandla.