1. Injongo ye-PCB design kufanele icace. Ngemigqa yesignali ebalulekile, ubude bezintambo kanye nokucubungula amalophu aphansi kufanele buqine kakhulu. Ngemigqa yesignali enesivinini esiphansi futhi engabalulekile, ingabekwa endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu ephansi yezintambo. . Izingxenye ezibalulekile zihlanganisa: ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi; izidingo zobude bemigqa yewashi lenkumbulo, imigqa yokulawula kanye nemigqa yedatha; izintambo zemigqa ehlukile yesivinini esikhulu, njll. Kuphrojekthi A, i-memory chip isetshenziselwa ukuqaphela inkumbulo ye-DDR enosayizi we-1G. I-wiring yale ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-topology yemigqa yokulawula nemigqa yekheli, nokulawula umehluko wobude bemigqa yedatha nemigqa yewashi kufanele kucatshangelwe. Enkambweni, ngokusho kweshidi ledatha ye-chip kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza yangempela, imithetho ethile ye-wiring ingatholakala. Isibonelo, ubude bemigqa yedatha eqenjini elifanayo akufanele buhluke ngama-mil ambalwa, futhi umehluko wobude phakathi kwesiteshi ngasinye akufanele udlule ukuthi mangaki ama-mil. mil nokunye. Lapho lezi zidingo zinqunywa, abaklami be-PCB bangadingeka ngokucacile ukuze bazisebenzise. Uma zonke izidingo ezibalulekile zomzila ekwakhiweni zicacile, zingaguqulelwa zibe yizingqinamba eziphelele zomzila, futhi isofthiwe yethuluzi lokuzenzakalela ku-CAD ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqashwe idizayini ye-PCB. Futhi kuwumkhuba wokuthuthuka ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB enesivinini esikhulu.

2. Ukuhlola nokulungisa iphutha Lapho ulungiselela ukulungisa iphutha ebhodini, qiniseka ukuthi wenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo ngokucophelela kuqala, hlola ukuthi akhona yini amasekhethi amafushane abonakalayo kanye nokwehluleka kwamathini phakathi nenqubo yokudambisa, futhi uhlole ukuthi akhona yini amamodeli engxenye abekwe Amaphutha, ukubekwa okungalungile. yephinikhodi yokuqala, ukuhlanganisa okulahlekile, njll., bese usebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukumelana kokunikezwa kwamandla ngakunye ukuya phansi ukuze uhlole ukuthi ikhona yini isekethe emfushane. Lo mkhuba omuhle ungagwema ukulimala ebhodini ngemuva kokuvula amandla ngamawala. Enqubweni yokulungisa iphutha, kufanele ube nengqondo enokuthula. Kuyinto evamile ukubhekana nezinkinga. Okufanele ukwenze ukwenza iziqhathaniso nokuhlaziya okwengeziwe, futhi kancane kancane uqede izimbangela ezingase zibe khona. Kumelwe ukholelwe ngokuqinile ukuthi “konke kungaxazululeka” nokuthi “izinkinga kufanele zixazululwe.” Kunesizathu salokho”, ukuze ukulungisa iphutha kuphumelele ekugcineni. .

3. Amanye amagama afingqiwe Manje ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, yonke imiklamo ingagcina yenziwe, kodwa impumelelo yephrojekthi ayixhomekile kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuqeda, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ithimba Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisana okuhle, ukuxhumana kwephrojekthi okusobala nokungagwegwesi, ucwaningo olunzulu nokuhlelwa kwentuthuko, kanye nenala yezinto zokwakha kanye nezinhlelo zabasebenzi kungaqinisekisa impumelelo yephrojekthi. Unjiniyela omuhle wehadiwe empeleni ungumphathi wephrojekthi. Udinga ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle ukuze athole izimfuneko zemiklamo yakhe, bese afingqa futhi ahlaziye ekusetshenzisweni kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezithile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthintana nabahlinzeki abaningi be-chip nesixazululo ukuze ukhethe isixazululo esifanele. Lapho umdwebo wohlelo usuqediwe, kufanele ahlele ozakwabo ukuze babambisane nokubuyekezwa nokuhlolwa, futhi asebenzisane nonjiniyela be-CAD ukuze aqedele umklamo we-PCB. . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa uhlu lwe-BOM, qala ukuthenga nokulungisa izinto zokwakha, futhi uxhumane nomkhiqizi wokucubungula ukuze uqedele ukubekwa kwebhodi. Enqubweni yokulungisa iphutha, kufanele ahlele onjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezibalulekile ndawonye, ​​​​abambisane nonjiniyela bokuhlola ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezitholakala esivivinyweni, futhi balinde kuze kube yilapho umkhiqizo wethulwa esizeni. Uma kunenkinga, idinga ukusekelwa kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ube umklami wehadiwe, kufanele usebenzise amakhono amahle okuxhumana, ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nengcindezi, ikhono lokuxhumanisa nokwenza izinqumo lapho usebenzelana nezindaba eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle nesinokuthula. Kukhona futhi ukunakekelwa nokungathi sína, ngoba ubudedengu obuncane ekwakhiweni kwehadiwe ngokuvamile kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Isibonelo, lapho ibhodi liklanywa futhi imibhalo yokukhiqiza iqediwe ngaphambili, ukungasebenzisi kahle kwabangela ukuthi ungqimba lwamandla kanye nongqimba lomhlabathi luxhunywe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kokwakhiwa kwebhodi le-PCB, lafakwa ngokuqondile emgqeni wokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuhlolwa. Kwakungesikhathi sokuhlolwa kuphela lapho inkinga yesifunda esifushane itholakele, kodwa izingxenye zase zithengisiwe ebhodini, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okungamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ngokucophelela nangokujulile, ukuhlola okunomthwalo wemfanelo, nokufunda okunganqamuki nokunqwabelana kungenza umklami wehadiwe enze inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo, bese enze impumelelo ethile embonini.

1. Injongo ye-PCB design kufanele icace. Ngemigqa yesignali ebalulekile, ubude bezintambo kanye nokucubungula amalophu aphansi kufanele buqine kakhulu. Ngemigqa yesignali enesivinini esiphansi futhi engabalulekile, ingabekwa endaweni ebaluleke kakhulu ephansi yezintambo. . Izingxenye ezibalulekile zihlanganisa: ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi; izidingo zobude bemigqa yewashi lenkumbulo, imigqa yokulawula kanye nemigqa yedatha; izintambo zemigqa ehlukile yesivinini esikhulu, njll. Kuphrojekthi A, i-memory chip isetshenziselwa ukuqaphela inkumbulo ye-DDR enosayizi we-1G. I-wiring yale ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-topology yemigqa yokulawula nemigqa yekheli, nokulawula umehluko wobude bemigqa yedatha nemigqa yewashi kufanele kucatshangelwe. Enkambweni, ngokusho kweshidi ledatha ye-chip kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza yangempela, imithetho ethile ye-wiring ingatholakala. Isibonelo, ubude bemigqa yedatha eqenjini elifanayo akufanele buhluke ngama-mil ambalwa, futhi umehluko wobude phakathi kwesiteshi ngasinye akufanele udlule ukuthi mangaki ama-mil. mil nokunye. Lapho lezi zidingo zinqunywa, abaklami be-PCB bangadingeka ngokucacile ukuze bazisebenzise. Uma zonke izidingo ezibalulekile zomzila ekwakhiweni zicacile, zingaguqulelwa zibe yizingqinamba eziphelele zomzila, futhi isofthiwe yethuluzi lokuzenzakalela ku-CAD ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuqashwe idizayini ye-PCB. Futhi kuwumkhuba wokuthuthuka ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB enesivinini esikhulu.

2. Ukuhlola nokulungisa iphutha Lapho ulungiselela ukulungisa iphutha ebhodini, qiniseka ukuthi wenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo ngokucophelela kuqala, hlola ukuthi akhona yini amasekhethi amafushane abonakalayo kanye nokwehluleka kwamathini phakathi nenqubo yokudambisa, futhi uhlole ukuthi akhona yini amamodeli engxenye abekwe Amaphutha, ukubekwa okungalungile. yephinikhodi yokuqala, ukuhlanganisa okulahlekile, njll., bese usebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukumelana kokunikezwa kwamandla ngakunye ukuya phansi ukuze uhlole ukuthi ikhona yini isekethe emfushane. Lo mkhuba omuhle ungagwema ukulimala ebhodini ngemuva kokuvula amandla ngamawala. Enqubweni yokulungisa iphutha, kufanele ube nengqondo enokuthula. Kuyinto evamile ukubhekana nezinkinga. Okufanele ukwenze ukwenza iziqhathaniso nokuhlaziya okwengeziwe, futhi kancane kancane uqede izimbangela ezingase zibe khona. Kumelwe ukholelwe ngokuqinile ukuthi “konke kungaxazululeka” nokuthi “izinkinga kufanele zixazululwe.” Kunesizathu salokho”, ukuze ukulungisa iphutha kuphumelele ekugcineni. .

3. Amanye amagama afingqiwe Manje ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, yonke imiklamo ingagcina yenziwe, kodwa impumelelo yephrojekthi ayixhomekile kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuqeda, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ithimba Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisana okuhle, ukuxhumana kwephrojekthi okusobala nokungagwegwesi, ucwaningo olunzulu nokuhlelwa kwentuthuko, kanye nenala yezinto zokwakha kanye nezinhlelo zabasebenzi kungaqinisekisa impumelelo yephrojekthi. Unjiniyela omuhle wehadiwe empeleni ungumphathi wephrojekthi. Udinga ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle ukuze athole izimfuneko zemiklamo yakhe, bese afingqa futhi ahlaziye ekusetshenzisweni kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezithile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthintana nabahlinzeki abaningi be-chip nesixazululo ukuze ukhethe isixazululo esifanele. Lapho umdwebo wohlelo usuqediwe, kufanele ahlele ozakwabo ukuze babambisane nokubuyekezwa nokuhlolwa, futhi asebenzisane nonjiniyela be-CAD ukuze aqedele umklamo we-PCB. . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lungisa uhlu lwe-BOM, qala ukuthenga nokulungisa izinto zokwakha, futhi uxhumane nomkhiqizi wokucubungula ukuze uqedele ukubekwa kwebhodi. Enqubweni yokulungisa iphutha, kufanele ahlele onjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezibalulekile ndawonye, ​​​​abambisane nonjiniyela bokuhlola ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezitholakala esivivinyweni, futhi balinde kuze kube yilapho umkhiqizo wethulwa esizeni. Uma kunenkinga, idinga ukusekelwa kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ube umklami wehadiwe, kufanele usebenzise amakhono amahle okuxhumana, ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nengcindezi, ikhono lokuxhumanisa nokwenza izinqumo lapho usebenzelana nezindaba eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle nesinokuthula. Kukhona futhi ukunakekelwa nokungathi sína, ngoba ubudedengu obuncane ekwakhiweni kwehadiwe ngokuvamile kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Isibonelo, lapho ibhodi liklanywa futhi imibhalo yokukhiqiza iqediwe ngaphambili, ukungasebenzisi kahle kwabangela ukuthi ungqimba lwamandla kanye nongqimba lomhlabathi luxhunywe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kokwakhiwa kwebhodi le-PCB, lafakwa ngokuqondile emgqeni wokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuhlolwa. Kwakungesikhathi sokuhlolwa kuphela lapho inkinga yesifunda esifushane itholakele, kodwa izingxenye zase zithengisiwe ebhodini, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okungamakhulu ezinkulungwane. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ngokucophelela nangokujulile, ukuhlola okunomthwalo wemfanelo, nokufunda okunganqamuki nokunqwabelana kungenza umklami wehadiwe enze inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo, bese enze impumelelo ethile embonini.