Inani labaklami bedijithali kanye nochwepheshe be-Digital Circuit Board Ochwepheshe eMkhakheni Wobunjiniyela bahlala banda, okubonisa umkhuba wokuthuthuka komkhakha. Yize ukugcizelelwa kokuklanywa kwedijithali kulethe intuthuko enkulu emikhiqizweni kagesi, kusekhona, futhi kuzoba khona imiklamo yesifunda ngaso sonke isikhathi esibonakalayo esinezindawo ezibonakalayo ezinezindawo zokubonisana ezinezindawo ze-analog noma zangempela. Amasu we-Wiring kumasimu we-analog kanye nedijithali anokufana okuthile, kepha lapho ufuna ukuthola imiphumela engcono, ngenxa yamasu abo ahlukile we-wiring, ukwakheka okulula kwe-wiring are are a akuseyona ikhambi elifanele.

Lo mbhalo udingida ukufana okuyisisekelo kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-analog ne-widing wiring ngokuya ngama-capacitors we-bypass, ama-Power Supplies, umklamo womhlaba, ukuphazamiseka kwamandla kagesi (i-EMI) okubangelwa yi-PCB Wiring.

Inani labaklami bedijithali kanye nochwepheshe be-Digital Circuit Board Ochwepheshe eMkhakheni Wobunjiniyela bahlala banda, okubonisa umkhuba wokuthuthuka komkhakha. Yize ukugcizelelwa kokuklanywa kwedijithali kulethe intuthuko enkulu emikhiqizweni kagesi, kusekhona, futhi kuzoba khona imiklamo yesifunda ngaso sonke isikhathi esibonakalayo esinezindawo ezibonakalayo ezinezindawo zokubonisana ezinezindawo ze-analog noma zangempela. Amasu we-Wiring kumasimu we-analog kanye nedijithali anokufana okuthile, kepha lapho ufuna ukuthola imiphumela engcono, ngenxa yamasu abo ahlukile we-wiring, ukwakheka okulula kwe-wiring are are a akuseyona ikhambi elifanele.

Lo mbhalo udingida ukufana okuyisisekelo kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-analog ne-widing wiring ngokuya ngama-capacitors we-bypass, ama-Power Supplies, umklamo womhlaba, ukuphazamiseka kwamandla kagesi (i-EMI) okubangelwa yi-PCB Wiring.

Ukungeza i-Bypass noma ama-capacitors wokuwa okhohlisayo ebhodini lesekethe futhi indawo yale capacitors ebhodini yinhloso ejwayelekile yemiklamo yedijithali ne-analog. Kepha ngenhlanhla, izizathu zihlukile.

Ekwakhiweni kwe-analog wiring, ama-capacitors we-bypass ajwayele ukusakazwa amasiginali afudumele aphezulu aphezulu ekunikezelweni kwamandla. Uma ama-capacitors adlula angezwanga, la masignali afinyelela kufriza aphezulu angafaka ama-analog ama-analog ama-chips ezinhlafo. Ngokuvamile, imvamisa yalezi zimpawu ezivama kakhulu idlula ikhono lamadivayisi we-analog ukucindezela amasiginali afudumele aphezulu. Uma i-Pass Capacitor ayisetshenziswa emjikelezweni we-analog, umsindo ungalethwa endleleni yesiginali, nasezimweni ezinkulu kakhulu, kungahle kubangele ukudlidliza.

Ku-Analog kanye ne-PCB ye-PCB ye-Digital, i-Bypass noma ama-capacitors (0.1UF) kufanele abekwe eduze kwensiza ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Power Surving Decoupling Capacitor (10Uf) kufanele ibekwe ekungeneni komugqa wamandla weBhodi Yesekethe. Kuzo zonke izimo, izikhonkwane zale capacitors kufanele zibe zifushane.

Ebhodini lesekethe kuMdwebo 2, izindlela ezahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla nezintambo zomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu kubambisana okungafanele, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nemibuthano ebhodini lesekethe kungenzeka ukuthi ziphazanyiswe amandla kagesi.

Kuphaneli eyodwa yesibalo 3, izintambo zomhlaba kanye nezintambo zezakhi zebhodi yesekethe zisondelene. Isilinganiso esifanayo somugqa wamandla futhi umugqa womhlaba kuleli bhodi yesekethe kufanelekile njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
　　
Kumadivayisi edijithali anjengezilawuli kanye nama-procession, ama-capacitors aqothulayo nawo ayadingeka, kepha ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukile. Umsebenzi owodwa walawa ma-capacitors ukwenza njengebhange elishaja "elincane".

Emibuthanweni yedijithali, inani elikhulu lamanje livame ukudingeka ukwenza i-Gate State Shintsha. Njengoba ukushintshwa kwemijikelezo yesikhashana kukhiqizwa ku-chip ngesikhathi sokushintsha nokugeleza ngebhodi yesekethe, kunenzuzo yokuthola izindleko ezingezekile "ze-spare". Uma kungekho makhi anele lapho wenza isenzo sokushintsha, i-Power Supply Vertage izoshintsha kakhulu. Ushintsho oluningi lwe-voltage luzodala izinga lesiginali yedijithali ukufaka umbuso ongaqinisekile, futhi kungadala ukuthi umshini wombuso kudivayisi yedijithali usebenze ngokungalungile.

Ukushintshwa kwamanje okugelezayo ngomkhondo webhodi yesekethe kuzodala ukuthi ugesi ushintshe, futhi umkhondo webhodi lesekethe elinokuhlaselwa kwe-parasitic. Ifomula elandelayo ingasetshenziswa ukubala ushintsho lwamandla kagesi: v = LDI / DT. Phakathi kwazo: v = ushintsho lwe-voltage, l = ukulandelwa kwebhodi yesekethe, i-di = ushintsho lwamanje ngokusebenzisa umkhondo, i-DT = isikhathi sokushintshwa samanje.
　　
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, kungcono ukufaka isicelo se-bypass (noma izinsolo) ama-capacitors ekunikezelweni kwamandla noma ezihlotsheni zamandla amadivayisi asebenzayo.

Intambo yamandla kanye nentambo yomhlabathi kufanele kuhlanganiswe ndawonye

Isikhundla sentambo yamandla kanye nentambo yomhlabathi ifaniswe kahle ukunciphisa amathuba okuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic. Uma umugqa wamandla nomugqa womhlabathi awufani kahle, i-loop yesistimu izokwakhiwa bese kuthi umsindo kungenzeka wenziwe.

Isibonelo sokwakhiwa kwe-PCB lapho umugqa wamandla nomugqa womhlaba awufani kahle kukhonjiswa kuMfanekiso 2. Kuleli bhodi yesekethe, indawo eklanyelwe loop ingu-697cm². Usebenzisa indlela ekhonjiswe kuMdwebo 3, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kufakwe umsindo ovuthayo noma ophuma ebhodini lesekethe ebhodini lokufukula ku-loop kungancishiswa kakhulu.

Umehluko phakathi kwamasu we-analog ne-wirital wiring

▍Indiza yendawo iyinkinga

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-Circuit Board Wiring luyasebenza kuyo yonke imibuthano ye-analog neyedijithali. Umthetho oyisisekelo wesithupha ukusebenzisa indiza engaphazanyiswanga. Lo mqondo ojwayelekile wehlisa i-DI / DT (Shintsha ku-Okwamanje nge-Time Time) emjikelezweni wedijithali, oguqula amandla omhlabathi futhi adala umsindo ukufaka amasekethe we-analog.

Amasu we-Wiring we-Digital and Analog Circuits ngokuyisisekelo afanayo, ngaphandle kokukodwa. Ngemibuthano ye-analog, kunelinye iphuzu ukuqaphela, okungukuthi, gcina imigqa yesiginali yedijithali kanye nama-loops endizeni emhlabathini kude kakhulu nemibuthano ye-analog ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokuxhuma indiza ye-analog emhlabathini ocwaningweni lwesistimu ngokwehlukana, noma ukubeka umjikelezo we-analog ekugcineni kwebhodi yesekethe, okuwukuphela komugqa wesekethe, okuwukuphela komugqa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukugcina ukuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle ngendlela yesiginali kuya ubuncane.

Asikho isidingo sokwenza lokhu kwimibuthano yedijithali, engabekezelela umsindo omningi ngendiza yomhlabathi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Umdwebo 4 (kwesobunxele) uhlukanisa isenzo sokushintsha kwedijithali kusuka kumjikelezo we-analog futhi uhlukanise izingxenye zedijithali nezengezo ze-analog zesifunda. (Kwesokudla) imvamisa ephezulu kanye nemvamisa ephansi kufanele ihlukaniswe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izakhi ezivame kakhulu kufanele zibe seduze kwezixhumi zebhodi lesekethe.

Umdwebo 5 ukwakheka kokuvalwa okubili okusondele ku-PCB, kulula ukwakha amandla okuhambisana. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwe-capacitance, ushintsho olusheshayo lwe-voltage ku-One Trace lungakhiqiza isinali yamanje kolunye umkhondo.

Umdwebo 6 Uma ungakunaki ukubekwa kwalolukhona, umkhondo ku-PCB kungakhiqiza ukufakwa komugqa nokuqanjwa. Lokhu kudonswa kwe-parasitic kuyingozi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwemibukela kubandakanya nemibuthano yokushintsha yedijithali.

Indawo ye-▍

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ekwakhiweni ngakunye kwe-PCB, ingxenye yomsindo yesifunda kanye nengxenye "ethule" ingxenye) kufanele ihlukaniswe. Ngokuvamile, amasekethe edijithali "acebile" ngomsindo futhi ayazwela umsindo (ngoba amasekethe edijithali abe nokubekezelela komsindo we-voltage emsindo omkhulu; Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubekezelela komsindo kagesi kwemibuthano ye-analog kuncane kakhulu.

Kulezi ezimbili, amasekethe we-analog azwela kakhulu ukushintsha umsindo. E-wiring ohlelweni lwesiginali oluxubile, le mibukela emibili kufanele ihlukaniswe, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 4.
　　
Izingxenye ze-▍parasitic ezikhiqizwe design ye-PCB

Izinto ezimbili eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo ezingadala izinkinga zakhiwa kalula ku-PCB Design: Ukukhohlisa kwe-parasitic kanye ne-parasitic entandisa.

Lapho uklama ibhodi yesekethe, ukubeka iminonjana emibili eduze komunye nomunye kuzokhiqiza amandla okuhambisana. Ungakwenza lokhu: Kuzentereji ezimbili ezahlukene, beka umkhondo owodwa ngaphezulu kolunye umkhondo; Noma kungqimba efanayo, beka umkhondo owodwa eceleni kolunye umkhondo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 5.
　　
Kulezi zilungiselelo ezimbili zokulandela umkhondo, ushintsho ku-voltage ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (i-DV / DT) ku-One Trace kungadala okwamanje umkhondo. Uma enye i-TRACE ingukuphazamiseka okuphezulu, okwenziwa manje insimu kagesi kuzoguqulwa kube ngugesi.
　　
Izikhathi ezisheshayo ze-voltage zivame ukwenzeka kuhlangothi lwedijithali yokwakhiwa kwesiginali ye-analog. Uma umkhondo onama-voltage asheshayo asondele kakhulu ekulandelweni kwe-analog ephakeme, leli phutha lizothinta kakhulu ukunemba kwesifunda se-analog. Kule ndawo, izijikelezo ze-analog zinezinkinga ezimbili: ukubekezelela kwabo umsindo kuphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yemibuthano yedijithali; kanye nemikhawulo ephezulu yokubulawa kuvame kakhulu.
　　
Sebenzisa elinye lamasu amabili alandelayo anganciphisa le nto. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokushintsha usayizi phakathi kokulandela ngokusho kwe-capacitance equation. Usayizi ophumelela kakhulu wokushintsha ibanga phakathi kwale ndawo emibili. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-D eguquguqukayo ikwi-denominator ye-capacitance equation. Njengoba u-D anyuke, ukuphendula kweCapacive kuzokwehla. Okunye okuguquguqukayo okungashintshwa kungubude beminondo emibili. Kulokhu, ubude be buncipha, kanye nokuphendula kweCapacitive phakathi kwalomlandeli womabili kuzokwehla.
　　
Enye inqubo yokubeka ucingo lomhlabathi phakathi kwale ndawo emibili. Intambo yomhlabathi ingukuphazamiseka okuphansi, futhi engeza enye i-trace enjengale izokwenza buthaka insimu kagesi ephazamisayo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 5.
　　
Umgomo wokuqanjwa kwe-parasitic ebhodini lokujikeleza kuyafana nalokho kwe-parasitic capsacitance. Kumele kube nokubeka iminonjana emibili. Ngezendlalelo ezimbili ezihlukile, beka umkhondo owodwa ngaphezulu kolunye umkhondo; Noma kungqimba efanayo, beka umkhondo owodwa eduze kolunye, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 6.

Kulezi zicuculu zokulungiswa kwezintambo ezimbili, ushintsho lwamanje (i-DI / DT) lokulandela ngesikhathi, ngenxa yokuqanjwa kwalo mkhondo, luzokhipha i-voltage emkhondweni ofanayo; Futhi ngenxa yokuba khona kokukhulisa okuhambisanayo, kuzokwenziwa amanje engxenyeni ethile kwenye indlela. Uma ushintsho lwamandla aguqukayo ku-trace lokuqala lukhulu ngokwanele, ukuphazamiseka kunganciphisa ukubekezelela kukagesi kwesifunda sedijithali futhi kubangele amaphutha. Le nto ayiveli kuphela kwimibuthano yedijithali, kepha le nto ivame kakhulu emibuthanweni yedijithali ngenxa yemijikelezo enkulu yokushintsha ngokushesha emibuthanweni yedijithali.
　　
Ukuqeda umsindo ongaba khona kusuka emithonjeni yokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, kungcono ukuhlukanisa imigqa ye-analogi "ethule" kusuka emachwebeni ama-noisy i / o. Ukuzama ukufeza amandla aphansi okuvimbela kanye nenethiwekhi emhlabathini, ukuwohloka kwezintambo zesifunda zedijithali kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-capacition kwemisipha ye-analog kufanele kuncishiswe.
　　
03

Ukugcina

Ngemuva kokuthi amabanga wedijithali ne-analog anqunywe, umzila ngokucophelela ubalulekile kwi-PCB ephumelelayo. Isu le-Wiring livame ukwethulwa kuwo wonke umuntu njengomthetho wesithupha, ngoba kunzima ukuvivinya impumelelo yokugcina yomkhiqizo endaweni yelebhu. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokufana ezinhlelweni ezinama-wiring zemibuthano yedijithali neze-analog, umehluko kumasu abo we-wiring kumele aqashelwe futhi athathwe ngokungathi sína.