Umthofu wokuhlola obomvu usekelwe phansi, izikhonkwane ezisendingilizini ebomvu zonke ziyizindawo, futhi izigxobo ezingezinhle zama-capacitor ziyizindawo. Faka i-black test lead kuphinikhodi ye-IC ukuze ikalwe, bese i-multimeter izobonisa inani le-diode, futhi yahlulele ikhwalithi ye-IC ngokusekelwe kunani le-diode. Liyini inani elihle? Kuncike ekuhlangenwe nakho. Kuphakathi kokuthi unebhodi lomama futhi wenze izilinganiso zokuqhathanisa.
Ungawabona kanjani amaphutha ngokushesha
1 Bheka isimo sengxenye
Thola ibhodi lesekhethi enephutha, qala ubheke ukuthi ingabe ibhodi lesekhethi linomonakalo osobala, njengokushiswa kwe-electrolytic capacitor nokuvuvukala, ukutubeka kwe-resistor, kanye nokutubeka kwedivayisi yamandla.
2 Bheka ukusoda kwebhodi lesifunda
Isibonelo, noma ngabe ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe likhubazekile noma lisontekile; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amalunga e-solder ayawa noma ngokusobala athengiswa kancane; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhumba esigqoke ithusi sebhodi lesifunda sisontekile, sishisiwe futhi siphenduka sibe mnyama.
3 I-plug-in yengxenye yokubuka
Njengama-circuits ahlanganisiwe, ama-diode, ama-transformer amandla ebhodi lesifunda, njll. afakwe ngendlela efanele.
4 Ukumelana nokuhlola okulula\umthamo\ukungenisa
Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa okulula ezingxenyeni ezisolwayo ezifana nokumelana, i-capacitance, kanye ne-inductance ngaphakathi kwebanga ukuze uhlole ukuthi inani lokumelana liyakhuphuka, i-capacitor short circuit, i-open circuit kanye ne-capacitance change, i-inductance short circuit kanye ne-circuit evulekile.
5 Ukuhlolwa kwamandla
Ngemuva kokubhekwa nokuhlola okulula okukhulunywe ngenhla, iphutha alikwazi ukuqedwa, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamandla kungenziwa. Okokuqala hlola ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwebhodi lesifunda kujwayelekile yini. Okufana nokuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla e-AC ebhodini lesekethe akujwayelekile, noma ngabe ukuphuma kwesilawuli sikagesi kungavamile, noma ngabe ukukhishwa kwamandla okushintshwayo kanye ne-waveform akujwayelekile, njll.
6 uhlelo lwebhulashi
Ezingxenyeni ezihlelekayo ezifana ne-single-chip microcomputer, i-DSP, i-CPLD, njll., ungacabangela ukuxubha uhlelo futhi ukuze uqede ukwehluleka kwesekethe okubangelwa ukusebenza kohlelo okungavamile.
Ungawalungisa kanjani amabhodi esekethe?
1 Ukuqaphela
Le ndlela inembile. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela, singabona ngokucacile imikhondo eshile. Uma kwenzeka le nkinga, kufanele sinake imithetho ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokuhlolwa ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi akusekho ukulimala okubi okwenzeka lapho ugesi uvuliwe. Lapho sisebenzisa le ndlela, sidinga ukunaka lezi zindaba ezilandelayo:
1. Bheka ukuthi ibhodi lesekethe lilinyazwa ngumuntu yini.
2. Qaphela ngokucophelela izingxenye ezihlobene zebhodi lesekhethi, futhi ubheke yonke i-capacitor nokumelana ukuze ubone ukuthi akukho yini ukuba mnyama. Njengoba ukumelana kungenakubukwa, kungakalwa kuphela ngethuluzi. Izingxenye ezimbi ezihlobene kufanele zishintshwe ngesikhathi.
3.Ukubhekwa kwamasekhethi adidiyelwe webhodi lesifunda, njenge-CPU, i-AD namanye ama-chip ahlobene, kufanele kushintshwe ngesikhathi lapho kubukwa izimo ezihlobene ezifana nokuqhuma nokushiswa.
Imbangela yalezi zinkinga ezingenhla ingase ibe esikhathini samanje. Umthamo omkhulu wamanje ungabangela ukutubeka, ngakho hlola umdwebo wesifunda ofanele ukuze ubone ukuthi inkinga ikuphi.
2. Isilinganiso esingaguquki
Ekulungiseni ibhodi lesifunda, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuthola izinkinga ezithile ngendlela yokubuka, ngaphandle uma kusobala ukuthi lishisiwe noma likhubazekile. Kodwa izinkinga eziningi zisadinga ukulinganiswa nge-voltmeter ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathwe iziphetho. Izingxenye zebhodi lesifunda kanye nezingxenye ezihlobene kufanele zihlolwe ngayinye ngayinye. Inqubo yokulungisa kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulandela inqubo elandelayo.
Thola isifunda esifushane phakathi kokunikezwa kwamandla nomhlabathi bese uhlola isizathu.
Hlola ukuthi i-diode ijwayelekile yini.
Hlola ukuthi kukhona isifunda esifushane noma isifunda esivulekile ku-capacitor.
Hlola amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ahlobene nebhodi lesifunda, nokumelana nezinye izinkomba zedivayisi ezihlobene.
Singasebenzisa indlela yokubona kanye nendlela yokulinganisa emile ukuze sixazulule izinkinga eziningi ekulungisweni kwebhodi lesekethe. Lokhu akungabazeki, kodwa kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokulinganisa futhi akukho monakalo wesibili ongenzeka.
3 Isilinganiso esiku-inthanethi
Indlela yokulinganisa eku-inthanethi ivame ukusetshenziswa abakhiqizi. Kudingekile ukwakha inkundla yokulungisa iphutha evamile kanye neyokulungisa ukuze kube lula ukulungiswa. Lapho ukala ngale ndlela, udinga ukulandela izinyathelo ezingezansi.
Faka amandla ebhodini lesifunda futhi uhlole ukuthi izingxenye zishisiwe yini. Uma kunjalo, kuhlole bese ushintsha izingxenye ezihlobene.
Hlola isifunda sesango esihambisana nebhodi lesifunda, bheka ukuthi kukhona yini inkinga nge-logic, futhi unqume ukuthi i-chip yinhle noma yimbi.
Hlola ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-digital circuit crystal oscillator kuyinto evamile yini.
Indlela yokulinganisa eku-inthanethi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqhathanisa amabhodi esekethe amabili amahle namabi. Ngokuqhathanisa, inkinga itholakala, inkinga ixazululwa, futhi ukulungiswa kwebhodi lesifunda kuqediwe.