1 - Ukusetshenziswa kwamasu a-hybrid
Umthetho Jikelele ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamasu ahlanganisiwe womhlangano futhi ulinganise ezimweni ezithile. Isibonelo, izinzuzo zokufaka ingxenye eyodwa ye-Hole (Pth) cishe ayinakunxeshezelwa yizindleko ezengeziwe nesikhathi esidingekayo soMkhandlu. Esikhundleni salokho, usebenzisa izingxenye eziningi ze-pth noma ukuwasusa ngokuphelele kusuka ekwakhiweni kuyathandeka futhi kusebenza kangcono. Uma kunconywa ubuchwepheshe be-Pth, kunconywa ukubeka wonke ama-viacent angokoqobo ohlangothini olufanayo lomjikelezo ophrintiwe, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise isikhathi esidingekayo soMkhandlu.
2 - Usayizi wesakhi
Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokwakhiwa kwe-PCB, kubalulekile ukukhetha usayizi ofanele wephakeji wengxenye ngayinye. Ngokuvamile, kufanele ukhethe iphakethe elincane kuphela uma unesizathu esizwakalayo; Ngaphandle kwalokho, hambisa ephaketheni elikhudlwana. Eqinisweni, abaklami bakagesi bavame ukukhetha izingxenye ngamaphakeji amancane ngokungadingekile, adala izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sesigaba somhlangano nokuguqulwa kwesifunda okungenzeka. Ngokuya ngezinga lezinguquko ezidingekayo, kwezinye izimo kungahle kube lula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa kabusha iBhodi lonke kunokukhipha nokuthengisa izakhi ezidingekayo.
I-3 - isikhala sendawo esihlalwa kuyo
Ingxenye yonyawo lwengxenye ingesinye isici esibalulekile soMkhandlu. Ngakho-ke, abaklami be-PCB kumele baqinisekise ukuthi iphakethe ngalinye lenziwa ngokunemba ngokuya ngephethini yomhlaba echazwe eshidi ngalinye ledatha elihlanganisiwe. Inkinga enkulu ebangelwa yi-Footprints engalungile yisikhathi sokuvela okubizwa ngokuthi "Umphumela Wamatshe Wamatshe", nangokwaziwa ngokuthi i-Manhattan Effect noma umphumela we-alligator. Le nkinga yenzeka lapho ingxenye ehlanganisiwe ithola ukushisa okungalingani ngesikhathi senqubo yokudambisa, okwenza ukuthi ingxenye ehlanganisiwe inamathele kwi-PCB ohlangothini olulodwa. Isimo sawompi sithinta kakhulu izingxenye ezingenasisekelo ezifana nokumelana, ama-capacitors, kanye ne-inductors. Isizathu sokuvela kwaso ukufudumeza okungafanele. Izizathu zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
Ubukhulu bephethini lomhlaba obuhlotshaniswa nengxenye ayilungile ama-amplituce ahlukene amathrekhi axhunywe kumaphakethe amabili engxenyeni ebanzi ye-Traction ebanzi kakhulu, enza njengokushisa ukushisa.
4 - Ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezakhi
Enye yezimbangela eziphambili zePCB Yehluleka indawo enganele phakathi kwezakhi eziholela ekushiseni ngokweqile. Isikhala siyisisetshenziswa esibucayi, ikakhulukazi esimweni semibuthano eyinkimbinkimbi okufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo eziyinselele kakhulu. Ukubeka ingxenye eyodwa esondele kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye kungadala izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga, ubukhali obungadinga ushintsho ekuklameni kwe-PCB noma kwinqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuchitha isikhathi nezindleko ezikhulayo.
Uma usebenzisa umhlangano wokuzenzakalelayo kanye nemishini yokuhlola, qiniseka ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yanele kude nezingxenye zemishini, imiphetho yebhodi yesekethe, nazo zonke ezinye izinto. Izakhi ezisondele kakhulu ndawonye noma ezijikelezayo ngokungalungile zingumthombo wezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuthengisa amagagasi. Isibonelo, uma isakhi esiphakeme sandulela ingxenye ephansi ephakeme ngendlela elandelwa yigagasi, lokhu kungadala umphumela "womthunzi" owenza buthaka i-weld. Imibuthano ehlanganisiwe ejikelezwe ngenhlawulo komunye nomunye izoba nomphumela ofanayo.
5 - Uhlu Lwangelonalo oluvuselelwe luvuselelwe
Umthethosivivinywa Wezingxenye (Bom) uyinto ebucayi ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB kanye nasezigabeni zomhlangano. Eqinisweni, uma i-BOM iqukethe amaphutha noma ukungalungile, umenzi angamisa okwesikhashana lesi sigaba soMhlangano kuze kube yilapho lezi zingqinamba zixazululwa. Enye indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-BOM ihlala ilungile futhi isesikhathini ukwenza isibuyekezo esiphelele se-bom ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho i-PCB design ivuselelwa. Isibonelo, uma ingxenye entsha yengezwa kuphrojekthi yasekuqaleni, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iBom ivuselelwa futhi iyavumelana ngokufaka inombolo efanele yezakhi, incazelo, nenani.
I-6 - Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphoyinti we-datum
Amaphoyinti we-Fiducial, abizwa nangokuthi amamaki e-fiducial, amajamo we-computer ayindilinga asetshenziswa njengezimpawu zomhlangano emishinini yomhlangano wokukhetha. Ama-Fiducials anika amandla le mishini ezenzakalelayo ukubona ukuqondiswa kwebhodi futhi ahlanganise kahle izingxenye ezincane ze-Pitch Surch Surfar Izakhi ezifana ne-Quad Flat Pack (QFN) noma i-Quad array (BGA).
Ama-Fiducials ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: amamaki omhlaba we-Fiducial kanye nezimpawu zasendaweni Ficcial. Amamaki we-Global Fiducial abekwe emaphethelweni e-PCB, evumela ukukhetha nokubeka imishini ukuthola ukuma kweBhodi endizeni ye-XY. Amamaki e-fiducial endawo abekwe eduze kwamakhona engxenyeni ye-skwele ye-SMD asetshenziswa ngumshini wokubekwa ukuze abeke kahle amaphutha engxenye yengxenye, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise amaphutha wokubeka izihlobo ngesikhathi somhlangano. Amaphoyinti we-Datum adlala indima ebalulekile lapho iphrojekthi iqukethe izakhi eziningi ezisondelene. Umdwebo 2 ukhombisa i-Arduino Uno Board enamaphoyinti amabili omhlaba wonke aqokonyiswe ngombala obomvu.