Ibhodi lokukopisha le-PCB, imboni ivame ukubizwa ngebhodi lekhophi yebhodi lesifunda, i-clone yebhodi lesifunda, ikhophi yebhodi lesifunda, i-PCB clone, i-PCB reverse design noma i-PCB reverse development.

Okusho ukuthi, ngesisekelo sokuthi kunezinto ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi namabhodi wesekethe, ukuhlaziya okuhlanekezelwe kwamabhodi esekethe kusetshenziswa amasu ocwaningo nentuthuko ahlehlayo, kanye namafayela e-PCB omkhiqizo wokuqala, amafayela we-bill of materials (BOM), amafayela esikimu nokunye kobuchwepheshe. imibhalo amadokhumenti okukhiqiza isikrini sikasilika we-PCB abuyiselwa ngo-1:1.

Bese usebenzisa lawa mafayela obuchwepheshe kanye namafayela okukhiqiza okukhiqiza i-PCB, ukushisela ingxenye, ukuhlola i-flying probe, ukulungisa iphutha lebhodi lesekethe, bese uqedela ikhophi ephelele yesifanekiso sokuqala sebhodi lesekethe.

Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iyini ibhodi yokukopisha ye-PCB. Abanye abantu baze bacabange ukuthi ibhodi lokukopisha le-PCB liyi-copycat.

Ngokuqonda kwawo wonke umuntu, i-copycat isho ukulingisa, kodwa ibhodi lokukopisha le-PCB alikona neze ukulingisa. Inhloso yebhodi lokukopisha le-PCB ukufunda ubuchwepheshe bamuva nje bomklamo wesekethe ye-elekthronikhi, bese umunca izixazululo zedizayini ezinhle kakhulu, bese ubusebenzisela ukuthuthukisa imiklamo engcono. Umkhiqizo.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo nokujula kwemboni yebhodi lamakhophi, umqondo wanamuhla webhodi lokukopisha le-PCB usunwetshiwe ebangeni elibanzi, futhi awusagcini nje ngokukopisha nokuhlanganisa ibhodi lesifunda, kodwa futhi uhilela ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wesibili nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha. Ucwaningo nentuthuko.

Isibonelo, ngokuhlaziywa nokuxoxisana kwemibhalo ekhona yobuchwepheshe yomkhiqizo, imibono yokuklama, izici zesakhiwo, ubuchwepheshe benqubo, njll., ingahlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okungenzeka kanye nereferensi yokuncintisana ekuthuthukisweni nasekuklanyweni kwemikhiqizo emisha, futhi isize i-R&D namayunithi okuklama ukuthi ukulandelela ngesikhathi izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukulungiswa ngesikhathi kanye nokwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokuklama umkhiqizo, kanye nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha encintisana kakhulu emakethe.

Inqubo yokukopisha i-PCB ingabona ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesibili kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ngokukhipha kanye nokuguqulwa okuyingxenye kwamafayela edatha yobuchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngemidwebo yefayela nemidwebo yohlelo ekhishwe emabhodini okukopisha, abaklami abangochwepheshe nabo bangalandela izimfuneko zekhasimende. Izimisele ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka nokushintsha i-PCB.

Kungenzeka futhi ukwengeza imisebenzi emisha emkhiqizweni noma ukuklama kabusha izici ezisebenzayo ngalesi sisekelo, ukuze imikhiqizo enemisebenzi emisha izodalulwa ngesivinini esisheshayo futhi ngesimo sengqondo esisha, hhayi nje ukuba namalungelo abo empahla yengqondo, kodwa futhi emakethe Iwine ithuba lokuqala futhi ilethe izinzuzo eziphindwe kabili kumakhasimende.

Ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izimiso zebhodi lesifunda nezici zokusebenza komkhiqizo ocwaningweni oluhlehlayo, noma iphinda isetshenziswe njengesisekelo nesisekelo sokuklama kwe-PCB ekwakhiweni okuya phambili, izikimu ze-PCB zinendima ekhethekile.

Ngakho-ke, ungahlehlisa kanjani umdwebo wohlelo lwe-PCB ngokuya ngomdwebo wedokhumenti noma into yangempela, futhi iyini inqubo yokuhlehla? Yimiphi imininingwane okufanele uyinake?

Isinyathelo sokuhlehla

1. Qopha imininingwane ehlobene ne-PCB

Thola ucezu lwe-PCB, qala ngokuqopha imodeli, amapharamitha, nendawo yazo zonke izingxenye ephepheni, ikakhulukazi isiqondiso se-diode, i-triode, kanye nesiqondiso segebe le-IC. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhamera yedijithali ukuthatha izithombe ezimbili zendawo yezingxenye. Amabhodi amaningi wesifunda we-pcb athuthuka kakhulu. Amanye ama-diode transistors angenhla awabonwa nhlobo.

2. Isithombe esiskeniwe

Susa zonke izingxenye bese ukhipha ithini emgodini we-PAD. Hlanza i-PCB ngotshwala bese uyifaka kusithwebuli. Lapho iskena siskena, udinga ukuphakamisa amaphikseli askeniwe kancane ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile.

Bese ufaka isihlabathi kancane izendlalelo ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi ngephepha le-gauze lamanzi kuze kube yilapho ifilimu yethusi icwebezela, uyifake kusithwebuli, qala i-PHOTOSHOP, bese uskena izendlalelo ezimbili ngokwehlukana ngombala.

Qaphela ukuthi i-PCB kufanele ibekwe ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile kusikena, ngaphandle kwalokho isithombe esiskeniwe ngeke sisetshenziswe.

3. Lungisa futhi ulungise isithombe

Lungisa umehluko, ukukhanya nobumnyama bekhanvasi ukuze wenze ingxenye ngefilimu yethusi futhi ingxenye ngaphandle kwefilimu yethusi ibe nokugqama okuqinile, bese uphendulela isithombe sesibili sibe mnyama nokumhlophe, bese uhlola ukuthi imigqa icacile yini. Uma kungenjalo, phinda lesi sinyathelo. Uma kucacile, gcina isithombe njengamafayela efomethi ye-BMP emnyama nokumhlophe TOP BMP kanye ne-BOT BMP. Uma uthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ngezithombe, ungasebenzisa i-PHOTOSHOP ukuze uzilungise futhi uzilungise.

4. Qinisekisa ukuhlangana kwe-PAD ne-VIA

Guqula amafayela amabili efomethi ye-BMP abe yifomethi ye-PROTEL, futhi uwadlulisele abe izendlalelo ezimbili ku-PROTEL. Isibonelo, izikhundla ze-PAD ne-VIA ezidlule izingqimba ezimbili zihambisana ngokuyisisekelo, okubonisa ukuthi izinyathelo zangaphambilini zenziwe kahle. Uma kukhona ukuchezuka, Phinda isinyathelo sesithathu. Ngakho-ke, ukukopisha kwe-PCB kuwumsebenzi odinga isineke, ngoba inkinga encane izothinta ikhwalithi kanye nezinga lokufanisa ngemva kokukopisha.

5. Dweba ungqimba

Guqula i-BMP ye-TOP layer ibe TOP PCB. Naka ukuguqulwa kwesendlalelo se-SILK, ungqimba oluphuzi. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukulandelela umugqa ku-TOP layer bese ubeka idivayisi ngokusho komdwebo esinyathelweni sesibili. Susa isendlalelo se-SILK ngemva kokudweba. Phinda kuze kube yilapho zonke izendlalelo zidwetshiwe.

6. I-TOP PCB ne-BOT PCB isithombe esihlanganisiwe

Ngenisa i-TOP PCB ne-BOT PCB ku-PROTEL futhi uzihlanganise zibe isithombe esisodwa.

7. Ukuphrinta nge-laser USEHLI ESIPHEZULU, USEKANI ENGASEZANSI

Sebenzisa iphrinta ye-laser ukuze uphrinte I-TOP LAYER kanye NE-BOTTOM LAYER kufilimu ebonisa ngale (isilinganiso esingu-1:1), beka ifilimu ku-PCB, bese uqhathanisa ukuthi kukhona yini iphutha. Uma ilungile, usuqedile.

8. Isivivinyo

Hlola ukuthi ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi kwebhodi lokukopisha kuyefana yini nebhodi lokuqala. Uma kuyafana, kwenziwa ngempela.
Ukunaka imininingwane

1. Hlukanisa izindawo zokusebenza ngokunengqondo

Lapho wenza idizayini ehlehlayo yomdwebo wohlelo lwebhodi lesifunda le-PCB elihle, ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwezindawo zokusebenza kungasiza onjiniyela behlise izinkinga ezingadingekile futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle komdwebo.

Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ezinomsebenzi ofanayo ebhodini le-PCB zizohlelwa ngendlela egxilile, futhi ukuhlukanisa indawo ngomsebenzi kungaba nesisekelo esikahle nesinembile lapho uhlanekezela umdwebo wohlelo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwale ndawo yokusebenza akuyona into engafanele. Kudinga ukuthi onjiniyela babe nokuqonda okuthile kolwazi oluhlobene nomjikelezo we-elekthronikhi.

Okokuqala, thola ingxenye ewumgogodla kuyunithi ethile esebenzayo, bese ngokusho koxhumano lwezintambo, ungathola ezinye izingxenye zeyunithi efanayo yokusebenza endleleni yokwenza ukwahlukanisa okusebenzayo.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokusebenza kuyisisekelo somdwebo wohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule nqubo, ungakhohlwa ukusebenzisa izinombolo ze-serial zengxenye ebhodini lesifunda ngobuhlakani. Bangakusiza ukuthi uhlukanise imisebenzi ngokushesha.

2. Thola izingxenye zereferensi ezifanele

Le ngxenye yereferensi ingashiwo njengengxenye eyinhloko yedolobha lenethiwekhi ye-PCB esetshenziswe ekuqaleni komdwebo wohlelo. Ngemva kokunqunywa kwengxenye yereferensi, ingxenye yesithenjwa idwetshwa ngokuvumelana nezikhonkwane zalezi zingxenye zereferensi, ezingaqinisekisa ukunemba komdwebo wohlelo ngokwezinga elikhulu. Ucansi.

Konjiniyela, ukunqunywa kwezingxenye zereferensi akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izingxenye ezidlala indima enkulu kumjikelezo zingakhethwa njengezingxenye zokubhekisela. Ngokuvamile zikhudlwana ngosayizi futhi zinezikhonkwane eziningi, ezilungele ukudweba. Njengamasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, ama-transformer, ama-transistors, njll., angasetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezifanele zokubhekisela.

3. Hlukanisa kahle imigqa futhi udwebe izintambo ngokunengqondo

Ukuze uthole umehluko phakathi kwezintambo zaphansi, izintambo zikagesi, nezintambo zesignali, onjiniyela nabo badinga ulwazi olufanele lokuphakelwa kwamandla, ulwazi lokuxhumana kwesekethe, ulwazi lwezintambo ze-PCB, nokunye. Umehluko wale migqa ungahlaziywa kusukela ezicini zokuxhuma kwengxenye, ububanzi be-foil yethusi yomugqa kanye nezici zomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi ngokwawo.

Emdwebeni wezintambo, ukuze ugweme ukuwela kanye nokungena kwemigqa, inombolo enkulu yezimpawu zomhlabathi ingasetshenziselwa umugqa ophansi. Imigqa ehlukahlukene ingasebenzisa imibala ehlukene nemigqa ehlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi icacile futhi iyabonakala. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene, izimpawu ezikhethekile zingasetshenziswa, noma Dweba ama-circuits amayunithi ngokwehlukana, futhi ekugcineni uwahlanganise.

4. Bazi kahle uhlaka oluyisisekelo futhi ufunde ezinhlelweni ezifanayo

Kwezinye eziyisisekelo zokwakheka kohlaka lwesekethe ye-elekthronikhi kanye nezindlela zokudweba eziyisisekelo, onjiniyela kudingeka babe nekhono, hhayi nje kuphela ukuze bakwazi ukudweba ngokuqondile amasekhethi amayunithi alula futhi ajwayelekile, kodwa futhi bakhe uhlaka lulonke lwamasekhethi kagesi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungakunaki ukuthi uhlobo olufanayo lwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi inokufana okuthile kumdwebo wohlelo. Onjiniyela bangasebenzisa ukunqwabelana kokuhlangenwe nakho futhi bafunde ngokugcwele emidwebeni yesekethe efanayo ukuze bahlehlise umdwebo wohlelo lomkhiqizo omusha.

5. Hlola futhi wandise

Ngemuva kokuthi umdwebo wohlelo usuqediwe, umklamo ohlehlayo wohlelo lwe-PCB kungathiwa uzoqedwa ngemva kokuhlolwa nokuqinisekiswa. Inani elincane lezingxenye ezizwelayo kumapharamitha wokusabalalisa we-PCB kumele lihlolwe futhi lilungiselelwe. Ngokomfanekiso wefayela le-PCB, umdwebo wohlelo uyaqhathaniswa futhi uhlaziywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umdwebo wohlelo uhambisana ngokuphelele nomdwebo wefayela.