Njengoba izidingo zobukhulu be-PCB ziba zincane futhi zincane, izidingo zobulungiswa bedivayisi ziba phezulu futhi ziphakeme, futhi ukwakheka kwe-PCB kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Ungafinyelela kanjani isilinganiso sesakhiwo se-PCB ephezulu futhi unciphise isikhathi sokuqamba, khona-ke sizokhuluma ngamakhono okuklama ukuhlela i-PCB, ukwakheka kanye ne-wiring.

Ngaphambi kokuqala i-wiring, umklamo kufanele uhlaziywe ngokucophelela futhi isoftware yethuluzi kufanele isethwe ngokucophelela, ezokwenza ukuklanywa kuhambisane nezidingo.

1. Thola inombolo yezendlalelo ze-PCB

Ubukhulu bebhodi yesekethe kanye nenombolo yezingqimba ezi-wiring kudingeka zinqunywe ekuqaleni komklamo. Inani lezendlalelo ze-wiring kanye nendlela yokufaka isitaki lizothinta ngqo i-wiring nokuvikelwa kwemigqa ephrintiwe.

Usayizi webhodi usiza ukunquma indlela yokufaka kanye nobubanzi bomugqa ophrintiwe ukufezekisa umphumela oyifunayo wokuqamba. Njengamanje, umehluko wezindleko phakathi kwamabhodi ezingqimba eziningi mncane kakhulu, futhi kungcono ukusebenzisa izingqimba zesekethe eziningi futhi wasabalalisa kakhulu ithusi lapho uklama.
2. Imithetho nemikhawulo

Ukuqedela ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-wiring, amathuluzi we-wiring adinga ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho nemikhawulo efanele. Ukuhlukanisa yonke imigqa yesiginali ngezidingo ezikhethekile, isigaba ngasinye sesiginali kufanele sibe semzandleni. Okuphakeme okubaluleke kakhulu, okucacile imithetho.

Imithetho ibandakanya ububanzi bemigqa ephrintiwe, inani eliphakeme le-vias, ukufana, ithonya elihambisanayo phakathi kwemigqa yesiginali, nemikhawulo yesendlalelo. Le mithetho inethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwethuluzi le-wiring. Ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezidingo zokuklama kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile se-wiring ephumelelayo.

3. Ukuhlelwa Kwezakhi

Enqubweni enhle yomhlangano, idizayini yemithetho yokuFumabilika (DFM) izokhawulela ukwakheka kwengxenye. Uma umnyango wezoMhlangano uvumela izingxenye ukuthi zihambe, umjikelezo ungahle wenziwe kahle ukwenza i-wiring ethoma ilula.

Imithetho echaziwe nezingqinamba kuzothinta ukwakheka kwesakhiwo. Ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo le-wiring libheka nje isinali elilodwa ngasikhathi. Ngokubeka izingqinamba ezinama-wiring bese ubeka ungqimba womugqa wesiginali, ithuluzi le-wiring lingaqedela i-wiring njengoba umklami ecatshangwe.

Isibonelo, ngesakhiwo sentambo yamandla:

①In Isakhiwo se-PCB, umjikelezo wokuphindisela amandla kufanele wakhelwe eduze namasekethe afanele, kunokuba ubekwe engxenyeni yokuhlinzekwa kwamandla, ngaphandle kokuthinta umphumela we-bypass, bese kucindezela amanje azohamba emugqeni wamandla nomugqa womhlaba, okubangela ukuphazamiseka;

②Ukuqondisa kokuphakelayo kwamandla ngaphakathi kwesifunda, amandla kufanele anikezwe kusuka esigabeni sokugcina esigabeni esedlule, futhi i-capacitor yokuhlunga yaleli ngxenye kufanele ihlelwe eduze kwesigaba sokugcina;

③Ukuthi ezinye iziteshi eziphambili zamanje, njengokuxhuma noma ukulinganisa kwamanje ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha nokuhlola, izikhala zamanje kufanele zihlelwe ezihlahleni eziphrintiwe ngesikhathi sesakhiwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla okulawulwayo kufanele kuhlelwe ebhodini lokujikeleza elihlukile ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sesakhiwo. Lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nomjikelezo kwabelana ngebhodi yesekethe ephrintiwe, kusakhiwo, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukwakheka okuxubile kwamandla okusebenza kwezinzinzi Ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-wiring akulula nje kuphela ukukhiqiza ukuphazamiseka, kepha futhi lungakwazi ukunqamula umthwalo ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ingxenye kuphela yezintambo eziphrintiwe ezingasikwa ngaleso sikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze ibhodi ephrintiwe.
4. Idizayini yomlandeli

Esigabeni sokuklama abalandeli, i-PIN ngayinye ye-Surface Mount divayisi kufanele ibe okungenani i-VIA, ukuze lapho ukuxhumana okuningi kudingeka, ibhodi yesekethe ingenza ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuvuselela kabusha kwesifunda.

Ukuze wandise ukusebenza kahle kwethuluzi lokuhambisa okuzenzakalelayo, elikhulu kunawo wonke ngosayizi nomugqa ophrintiwe kufanele lisetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi isikhathi sesikhashana sisethwe ku-50mil. Kuyadingeka ukwamukela uhlobo lwe-via olukhulisa inani lezindlela zokuqwayiza. Ngemuva kokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela nokubikezela, ukwakheka kwesivivinyo se-inthanethi se-inthanethi kungenziwa ekuqaleni kwesakhiwo futhi kwatholakala esigabeni sakamuva senqubo yokukhiqiza. Nquma uhlobo lwe-Victer Type ngokuya nge-Wiring Path kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi kwe-inthanethi. Amandla nomhlabathi kuzothinta ne-wiring ne-fan-Out design.

I-5. I-wiring yesandla nokucutshungulwa kwezimpawu ezibalulekile

I-Manual Wiring inqubo ebalulekile ye-Ephrintiwe Yesifunda Idizayini manje nangekusasa. Usebenzisa i-Wiring Wiring kusiza amathuluzi wokuzintisa azenzakalelayo ukuqedela umsebenzi we-wiring. Ngokwenza umzila nokulungisa inethiwekhi ekhethiwe (net), indlela esetshenziselwa ukuzilamula okuzenzakalelayo ingakhiwa.

Amasiginali asemqoka anentambo kuqala, kungaba ngesandla noma ahlanganiswe namathuluzi wokunikela okuzenzakalelayo. Ngemuva kokuthi i-wiring isiqediwe, ubunjiniyela obufanele nabachwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bazohlola i-wiring yesiginali. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kudlulisiwe, izintambo zizolungiswa, bese amasignali asele azophangwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yokuba khona kokungaphandle kocingo lomhlabathi, kuzoletha ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kumjikelezo.

Ngakho-ke, ungaxhumi ngezikhathi ezithile noma yimaphi amaphuzu anezimpawu ezinesisekelo ngesikhathi sokulingisa, ezingase zikhiqize ukuhlangana okulimazayo futhi zithinte ukusebenza komjikelezo. Emathendeni aphezulu, ukwehla kwentambo kuzoba ama-oda amaningana ngobukhulu obukhulu kunokumelana kocingo uqobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, noma ngabe imvamisa encane ephakeme kakhulu igeleza ngocingo, kuzokwenzeka okukodwa kwethango lamandla aphezulu eliphakeme kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, kumasetheli afudumele aphezulu, ukwakheka kwe-PCB kufanele kuhlelwe njengenhlanganisela ngangokunokwenzeka futhi izintambo eziphrintiwe kufanele kube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Kunokubhalwa kwe-mutual kanye ne-camacitance phakathi kwezintambo eziphrintiwe. Lapho imvamisa yokusebenza inkulu, kuzodala ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izingxenye, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphazamiseka kokuhlangana kwe-parasitic.

Izindlela zokucindezela ezingathathwa yilezi:
① Zama ukunciphisa isiginali wiring phakathi kwawo wonke amazinga;
Ukwazisa wonke amazinga emibuthano ngokulandelana kwamasiginali ukugwema ukuwela phezu kweleveli ngayinye yemigqa yesiginali;
③Izintambo zamaphaneli amabili aseduze kufanele kube nge-perpendicular noma isiphambano, hhayi ukufana;
Lapho izintambo zesiginali kufanele zibekwe ngokufana ebhodini, lezi zintambo kufanele zihlukaniswe ibanga elithile ngangokunokwenzeka, noma zihlukaniswe izintambo zomhlaba kanye namaphiko okwenza amandla ukufeza inhloso yokuvikela.
I-6. I-automal wiring

Ukuze uthole izintambo zezimpawu ezibalulekile, udinga ukubheka ukulawula amapharamitha kagesi ngesikhathi sokuzithambisa, njll. Ngemuva kokuqonda amapharamitha wokufaka ithonya lokufaka i-wiring, ikhwalithi ye-automal wiring ingatholwa ngesiqinisekiso esithile. Imithetho ejwayelekile kufanele isetshenziswe lapho ngokuzenzakalelayo izibonakaliso zokuhambisa.

Ngokubeka imibandela yemikhawulo futhi yenqabela izindawo ezinama-wiring ukukhawulela izingqimba ezisetshenziswa isibonakaliso esinikeziwe kanye nenombolo ye-vias esetshenzisiwe, ithuluzi le-wiring lingahambisa izintambo ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemibono yokwakheka kweNjiniyela. Ngemuva kokubeka izingqinamba nokusebenzisa imithetho eyenziwe, indlela ezenzakalelayo izofinyelela imiphumela efana nemiphumela elindelekile. Ngemuva kwengxenye yedizayini isiqediwe, izolungiswa ukuze ivimbele ukuthi ithintwe yinqubo elandelayo yokuhamba komzila.

Inani le-wiring lincike ebukilini bezesekethwa kanye nenombolo yemithetho ejwayelekile echaziwe. Amathuluzi we-wiring athosha wanamuhla anamandla amakhulu futhi ajwayele ukugcwalisa ama-100% we-wiring. Kodwa-ke, lapho ithuluzi le-wiring elizenzakalelayo lingaqedi yonke i-wiring yesiginali, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngesandla amasiginali asele.
7. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Wiring

Kwamanye amasiginali anezithiyo ezimbalwa, ubude be-wiring bude kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungaqala ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi i-wiring enengqondo nokuthi iyiphi i-wiring engenangqondo, bese uhlela ngesandla ukuze unciphise ubude be-wiring bese wehlisa inani le-vias.