Sivame ukuqhathanisa i-crystal oscillator enhliziyweni yesifunda sedijithali, ngoba wonke umsebenzi wesifunda sedijithali awunakuhlukaniswa nesignali yewashi, futhi i-crystal oscillator ilawula ngokuqondile lonke uhlelo. Uma i-crystal oscillator ingasebenzi, lonke uhlelo luzokhubazeka, ngakho-ke i-crystal oscillator iyisidingo sokuba isifunda sedijithali siqale ukusebenza.
I-crystal oscillator, njengoba sivame ukusho, i-quartz crystal oscillator kanye ne-quartz crystal resonator. Zombili zenziwe ngomphumela we-piezoelectric wamakristalu e-quartz. Ukusebenzisa inkambu kagesi kuma-electrode amabili ekristalu ye-quartz kubangela ukuwohloka komshini kwekristalu, kuyilapho ukusebenzisa ukucindezela komshini kuzo zombili izinhlangothi kubangela ukuthi inkambu kagesi yenzeke kukristalu. Futhi zombili lezi zimo ziyahlehla. Kusetshenziswa lesi sakhiwo, ama-voltage ashintshanayo asetshenziswa ezinhlangothini zombili zekristalu futhi isicwecwana sidlidliza ngomshini, kanye nokukhiqiza izinkambu zikagesi ezishintshanayo. Lolu hlobo lokudlidliza kanye nenkundla kagesi ngokuvamile luncane, kodwa ngemvamisa ethile, i-amplitude izokwenyuka kakhulu, okuyi-piezoelectric resonance, efana ne-LC loop resonance esivame ukuyibona.
Njengenhliziyo yomjikelezo wedijithali, i-crystal oscillator idlala kanjani indima emikhiqizweni ehlakaniphile? I-Smart home njenge-air conditioning, amakhethini, ukuphepha, ukuqapha kanye neminye imikhiqizo, bonke badinga imojula yokudlulisela engenantambo, ngokusebenzisa i-Bluetooth, i-WIFI noma i-ZIGBEE protocol, imojula ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye umkhawulo, noma ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa isilawuli sefoni ephathekayo, futhi imojula engenazintambo iyingxenye eyinhloko, ethinta ukuzinza kwesistimu yonke, ngakho khetha uhlelo lokusebenzisa i-crystal oscillator. Inquma impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwamasekhethi edijithali.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwe-crystal oscillator kumjikelezo wedijithali, sidinga ukuqaphela lapho sisebenzisa futhi siklama:
1. Kukhona amakristalu e-quartz ku-crystal oscillator, okulula ukubangela ukuphuka kwekristalu ye-quartz kanye nokulimala lapho ithintwa noma yehliswa ngaphandle, bese i-crystal oscillator ayikwazi ukudlidliza. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa okuthembekile kwe-crystal oscillator kufanele kucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwesifunda, futhi isikhundla saso akufanele sisondele emaphethelweni epuleti kanye negobolondo lemishini ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Naka izinga lokushisa lokushisela lapho ushisela ngesandla noma ngomshini. I-Crystal vibration izwela izinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa lokushisela akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu, futhi isikhathi sokushisa kufanele sibe sifushane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isakhiwo se-crystal oscillator esinengqondo singacindezela ukuphazamiseka kwemisebe yesistimu.
1. Incazelo yenkinga
Umkhiqizo uyikhamera yensimu, equkethe izingxenye ezinhlanu ngaphakathi: ibhodi lokulawula eliyinhloko, ibhodi lezinzwa, ikhamera, imemori khadi ye-SD nebhethri. Igobolondo liyigobolondo lepulasitiki, futhi ibhodi elincane linezindawo ezimbili kuphela zokusebenzelana: isixhumi esibonakalayo samandla sangaphandle se-DC5V nesixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB sokudlulisa idatha. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwemisebe, kutholakala ukuthi kunenkinga yemisebe ye-harmonic ye-33MHz.
Idatha yoqobo yokuhlola imi kanje:
2. Hlaziya inkinga
Lesi sakhiwo segobolondo lomkhiqizo igobolondo lepulasitiki, okokusebenza okungavimbeli, konke ukuhlola kuphela intambo yamandla kanye nekhebula le-USB eliphuma egobolondweni, ingabe indawo yokuphazanyiswa imvamisa ekhishwa yintambo yamandla nekhebula le-USB? Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zithathwa ukuze kuhlolwe:
(1) Faka indandatho kazibuthe kuphela entanjeni yamandla, imiphumela yokuhlolwa: ukuthuthukiswa akubonakali;
(2) Faka kuphela indandatho kazibuthe kukhebula le-USB, imiphumela yokuhlolwa: ukuthuthukiswa akukabonakali;
(3) Engeza indandatho kazibuthe kukho kokubili ikhebula le-USB nentambo yamandla, imiphumela yokuhlolwa: ukuthuthukiswa kusobala, imvamisa iyonke yokuphazamiseka yehlile.
Kungabonakala kulokhu okungenhla ukuthi amaphoyinti okuvama kokuphazanyiswa akhishwa ezindaweni ezimbili zokusebenzelana, okungeyona inkinga yesixhumi esibonakalayo samandla noma isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB, kodwa amaphoyinti okuvama kokuphazanyiswa kwangaphakathi ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimbili zokusebenzelana. Ukuvikela isixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa kuphela akukwazi ukuxazulula inkinga.
Ngesilinganiso esiseduze nenkundla, kutholakala ukuthi i-crystal oscillator engu-32.768KHz evela ebhodini lokulawula eliyinhloko ikhiqiza imisebe eqinile yendawo, eyenza izintambo ezizungezile kanye ne-GND ihlanganiswe nomsindo we-harmonic ongu-32.768KHz, bese ihlanganiswa futhi ikhiphe imisebe ye-USB esibonakalayo. intambo yamandla. Izinkinga ze-crystal oscillator zibangelwa izinkinga ezimbili ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukudlidliza kwekristalu kuseduze kakhulu nonqenqema lwepuleti, okulula ukuholela emsindweni we-crystal vibration.
(2) Kukhona umugqa wesignali ngaphansi kwe-crystal oscillator, okulula ukuholela kumsindo we-harmonic we-signal line coupling crystal oscillator.
(3) Isici sokuhlunga sibekwe ngaphansi kwe-crystal oscillator, futhi i-capacitor yokuhlunga kanye nokumelana okufanayo akuhlelwanga ngokuvumelana nesiqondiso sesignali, okwenza umphumela wokuhlunga wesici sokuhlunga ube mubi kakhulu.
3, isixazululo
Ngokohlaziyo, kutholwa izinyathelo zokuphikisa ezilandelayo:
(1) Umthamo wesihlungi nokumelana okufanayo kwekristalu eduze kwe-CPU chip kubekwa ngokukhethayo kude nonqenqema lwebhodi;
(2) Khumbula ukuthi ungabeki phansi endaweni yokubeka ikristalu kanye nendawo yokuqagela ngezansi;
(3) I-capacitance yokuhlunga kanye nokumelana okufanayo kwekristalu kuhlelwa ngokuvumelana nesiqondiso sesignali, futhi ibekwe kahle futhi ihlangene eduze kwekristalu;
(4) Ikristalu ibekwe eduze kwe-chip, futhi umugqa phakathi kwakho kokubili mfushane futhi uqonde ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Isiphetho
Namuhla izinhlelo eziningi ze-crystal oscillator clock frequency ziphezulu, ukuphazamiseka kwamandla e-harmonic kunamandla; Ama-harmonics okuphazamisa awadluliswa nje kuphela emigqeni yokufaka neyokukhiphayo, kodwa futhi asakazwa emkhathini. Uma ukwakheka kungenangqondo, kulula ukubangela inkinga eqinile yemisebe yomsindo, futhi kunzima ukuxazulula ngezinye izindlela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlelweni kwe-crystal oscillator kanye nomugqa wesiginali we-CLK kusakhiwo sebhodi le-PCB.
Qaphela ngedizayini ye-PCB ye-crystal oscillator
(1) I-coupling capacitor kufanele ibe seduze nephinikhodi yokunikeza amandla ye-crystal oscillator ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhundla kufanele sibekwe ngokulandelana: ngokusho kwesiqondiso sokungena kwamandla kagesi, i-capacitor enomthamo omncane kakhulu kufanele ibekwe ngokulandelana ukusuka kwenkulu kuya kwencane kakhulu.
(2) Igobolondo le-crystal oscillator kufanele libe phansi, elingakhipha i-crystal oscillator ngaphandle, futhi lingavikela nokuphazanyiswa kwamasignali angaphandle ku-crystal oscillator.
(3) Ungafaki ucingo ngaphansi kwe-crystal oscillator ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi iphansi limbozwe ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungafaki ucingo ngaphakathi kwe-300mil ye-crystal oscillator, ukuze uvimbele i-crystal oscillator ukuthi ingaphazamisi ukusebenza kwezinye izintambo, amadivaysi kanye nezendlalelo.
(4) Ulayini wesignali yewashi kufanele ube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka, umugqa kufanele ube banzi, futhi ibhalansi kufanele itholakale kubude bezintambo futhi iqhelelene nomthombo wokushisa.
(5) I-crystal oscillator akufanele ibekwe onqenqemeni lwebhodi le-PCB, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwekhadi lebhodi.
