Enqubweni yokufunda yedizayini ye-PCB enesivinini esikhulu, i-crosstalk umqondo obalulekile odinga ukucaciswa kahle. Kuyindlela eyinhloko yokusabalalisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Imigqa yesiginali engavumelaniyo, imigqa yokulawula, nezimbobo ze-I\O zihanjiswa umzila. I-Crosstalk ingabangela imisebenzi engavamile yamasekhethi noma izingxenye.
I-Crosstalk
Isho ukuphazamiseka komsindo kagesi ongafuneki wemigqa yokudlulisela eseduze ngenxa yokuhlangana kukazibuthe lapho isignali isakazeka kulayini wokudlulisela. Lokhu kugxambukela kubangelwe ukuzungezana kanye namandla okusebenzisana phakathi kwemigqa yokudlulisela. Amapharamitha wesendlalelo se-PCB, isikhala somugqa wesignali, izici zikagesi zokuphela kokushayela kanye nesiphetho sokwamukela, kanye nendlela yokunqamula umugqa konke kunomthelela othile ku-crosstalk.
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokunqoba i-crosstalk yilezi:
Khulisa isikhala sezintambo ezihambisanayo futhi ulandele umthetho we-3W;
Faka intambo yokuhlukanisa esekelwe phansi phakathi kwezintambo ezihambisanayo;
Yehlisa ibanga phakathi kwesendlalelo sezintambo kanye nendiza yaphansi.
Ukuze kuncishiswe i-crosstalk phakathi kwemigqa, isikhala somugqa kufanele sibe sikhulu ngokwanele. Lapho isikhala sesikhungo somugqa singekho ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezi-3 ububanzi bomugqa, u-70% wendawo kagesi ingagcinwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa okuhlangene, okubizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-3W. Uma ufuna ukuzuza u-98% wendawo kagesi ngaphandle kokuphazamisana, ungasebenzisa isikhala esingu-10W.
Qaphela: Ekwakhiweni kwangempela kwe-PCB, umthetho we-3W awukwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezimfuneko zokugwema i-crosstalk.
Izindlela zokugwema i-crosstalk ku-PCB
Ukuze ugweme i-crosstalk ku-PCB, onjiniyela bangacabangela kusukela ezicini zokuklama nesakhiwo se-PCB, njenge:
1. Hlela uchungechunge lwedivayisi enengqondo ngokomsebenzi futhi ugcine isakhiwo sebhasi ngaphansi kokulawula okuqinile.
2. Nciphisa ibanga elibonakalayo phakathi kwezingxenye.
3. Imigqa yesignali yesivinini esikhulu kanye nezingxenye (njengama-crystal oscillator) kufanele kube kude ne-interface ye-I/() yokuxhuma kanye nezinye izindawo ezisengozini yokuphazanyiswa kwedatha nokuhlanganisa.
4. Nikeza ukunqanyulwa okufanele kolayini wesivinini esikhulu.
5. Gwema ukulandelelwa kwebanga elide okuhambisanayo futhi unikeze isikhala esanele phakathi kokulandela ukuze unciphise ukuhlangana kwe-inductive.
6. Izintambo ezisezingqimbeni eziseduze (i-microstrip noma i-stripline) kufanele iqonde kwenye ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlangana kwe-capacitive phakathi kwezingqimba.
7. Yehlisa ibanga phakathi kwesignali nendiza yaphansi.
8. Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwemithombo yokukhipha umsindo ophezulu (iwashi, i-I/O, ukuxhumana kwesivinini esikhulu), namasignali ahlukene asatshalaliswa ezendlalelo ezahlukene.
9. Khulisa ibanga phakathi kwemigqa yesignali ngangokunokwenzeka, okunganciphisa ngempumelelo i-capacitive crosstalk.
10. Yehlisa i-lead inductance, gwema ukusebenzisa imithwalo ye-impedance ephezulu kakhulu kanye nemithwalo ye-impedance ephansi kakhulu kumjikelezo, bese uzama ukuzinzisa ukuvinjelwa komthwalo wesifunda se-analog phakathi kwe-loQ ne-lokQ. Ngenxa yokuthi umthwalo ophezulu we-impedance uzokwandisa i-capacitive crosstalk, lapho usebenzisa umthwalo ophezulu kakhulu we-impedance, ngenxa ye-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza, i-capacitive crosstalk izokhula, futhi uma usebenzisa umthwalo ophansi kakhulu we-impedance, ngenxa yamanje enkulu yokusebenza, i-Crosstalk inductive izoba. ukwanda.
11. Hlela isignali yezikhathi ezinesivinini esiphezulu kungqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-PCB.
12. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufanisa i-impedance ukuze uqinisekise ubuqotho besignali yesitifiketi se-BT futhi uvimbele ukudubuleka ngokweqile.
13. Qaphela ukuthi kumasiginali anemiphetho ekhuphuka ngokushesha (tr≤3ns), yenza ukucutshungulwa kwe-anti-crosstalk njengendawo yokugoqa, futhi uhlele imigqa yesiginali ethikamezwe yi-EFT1B noma i-ESD futhi engakahlungwa onqenqemeni lwe-PCB. .
14. Sebenzisa indiza ephansi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ulayini wesignali osebenzisa indiza yaphansi uzothola ukuncishiswa okungu-15-20dB uma kuqhathaniswa nolayini wesignali ongasebenzisi indiza ephansi.
15. Izimpawu zesignali ze-high-frequency kanye nezimpawu ezibucayi zicutshungulwa phansi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bomhlaba kuphaneli ephindwe kabili kuzofeza i-10-15dB attenuation.
16. Sebenzisa izintambo ezilinganayo, izintambo ezivikelekile noma izintambo eziqinile.
17. Hlunga imigqa yesignali yokuhlukunyezwa kanye nemigqa ebucayi.
18. Setha izendlalelo nezintambo ngokunengqondo, setha isendlalelo sezintambo kanye nesikhala sezintambo ngokunengqondo, wehlise ubude bezimpawu ezihambisanayo, unciphise ibanga phakathi kongqimba lwesignali nongqimba lwendiza, ukhuphule isikhala semigqa yesignali, futhi unciphise ubude bokuhambisana. imigqa yesignali (ngaphakathi kwebanga lobude obubalulekile) , Lezi zinyathelo zinganciphisa ngempumelelo i-crosstalk.