Embonini yanamuhla yezimoto, izixazululo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ze-PCB zezimoto ezinembayo eziphezulu seziphenduke into esemqoka ekukhuthazeni ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Lezi zixazululo ezenziwe ngezifiso azihlangabezani nesidingo esikhulayo sezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi embonini yezimoto, kodwa futhi ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula izici eziyinhloko zezixazululo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ze-PCB zezimoto ezinembayo kanye nokuthi zilolonga kanjani ikusasa lezinhlelo zesimanje ze-elektroniki zezimoto.

1. Isidingo somklamo owenziwe ngokwezifiso

Isixazululo sokwenza ngokwezifiso se-PCB yezimoto esinembayo esiphezulu siqala ukubonakala ekhonweni laso lokwenza umklamo oqondene nawe ngokuya ngamamodeli athile ezimoto kanye nezidingo zesistimu. Njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto abahlukene kanye namamodeli ahlukene anezidingo ezihlukile zosayizi, ukwakheka nokusebenza kwamabhodi wesekethe, ukwakheka kwe-PCB ngokwezifiso kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ingangena ngokuphelele endaweni yayo yesicelo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuhlanganiswa nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke.

2. Ukukhetha impahla kanye nokuqina

Enye yezinselelo ama-PCB ezimoto abhekana nazo ukuthi kufanele akwazi ukusebenza ngokuzinza ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphakeme, izinguquko zomswakama, nokushaqeka kokudlidliza. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa okukhethekile kuzokhokhwa ekukhethweni kwezinto zokwakha kwisixazululo esenziwe ngokwezifiso, kusetshenziswa izinto eziyisisekelo kanye nezendlalelo ze-copper-clad eziphikisana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala futhi ezithuthukise amandla emishini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.

3. Fine processing technology

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukwakheka kwesekethe okunembe kakhulu, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukile zibalulekile. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-laser direct imaging (LDI), ukubhoboza izimbobo ezincane kanye nokuqoshwa komugqa ocolile kusetshenziswa kabanzi kwizixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela ukulawula ukunemba kwezinga le-micron futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zamasistimu e-elekthronikhi ayinkimbinkimbi yokuxhumanisa okunokuminyana okuphezulu kanye nokwenza kancane.

4. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile

Izindinganiso zekhwalithi embonini yezimoto ziqinile kakhulu futhi noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isisombululo sokwenza ngokwezifiso se-PCB yezimoto esinembayo esiphezulu sihlanganisa nenqubo yokulawula ikhwalithi ebanzi, kusukela ekuhlolweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kuya ekuhlolweni komkhiqizo oqediwe, isinyathelo ngasinye silandela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezidingo eziqondile zekhasimende ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho zinkinga emkhiqizweni wokugcina.

5. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusimama

Njengoba ukuqwashisa komhlaba wonke ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwanda, izixazululo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ze-PCB zezimoto ezinembayo eziphezulu ziya ngokuya zigxila ekuvikelweni kwemvelo nasekusimameni. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthengisa obungenawo umthofu noma obuphansi, oyinki bemaski be-solder obungaboli, kanye nokwenza kahle inqubo yokukhiqiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza konke okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile ezixazululweni zamanje zokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Izisombululo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ze-PCB yezimoto ezinembayo eziphezulu seziba umshayeli wokuqamba izinto ezintsha emkhakheni wezogesi wezimoto ngomklamo wazo oqondene nawe, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula okuhle, ukulawula ikhwalithi okuqinile nokuzibophezela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Lezi zixazululo azithuthukisi kuphela ukusebenza nokuphepha kwezimoto, kodwa futhi zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke imboni ngendlela eluhlaza nesebenza kahle kakhulu.

Inqubo yesevisi ye-Automotive PCB

Iqhutshwa igagasi logesi wezimoto, i-PCB yezimoto (Printed Circuit Board) izinsiza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ziba intandokazi entsha embonini. Akuhlobene kuphela nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu ye-elekthronikhi yangaphakathi yemoto, kodwa futhi isixhumanisi esiyinhloko ekuqapheleni ubuhlakani kanye nokwenza komuntu imoto. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwenqubo yesevisi yokwenza ngokwezifiso i-PCB yezimoto futhi ihlole ukuthi lezi zinqubo zifaka kanjani amandla amasha embonini ye-automotive electronics.

1. Ukuhlaziywa kwesidingo

Isinyathelo sokuqala ezinsizeni ngokwezifiso ze-PCB yezimoto ukuqonda ngokujulile izidingo zekhasimende. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ucwaningo oluningiliziwe nokuhlaziywa kwezidingo zokusebenza, ukwakheka kwendawo, isabelomali sezindleko, njll. yohlelo lwe-automotive electronic. Ukunemba kokuhlaziywa kwesidingo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nempumelelo noma ukwehluleka kokuklama nokukhiqiza okulandelayo. Ngakho-ke, abahlinzeki besevisi abangokwezifiso kufanele babe nemininingwane yemakethe ebukhali kanye nolwazi lobuchwepheshe lobuchwepheshe.

2. Isiteji sokuklama: ibhalansi phakathi kokusungula izinto ezintsha nokwethembeka

Idizayini iyingxenye eyinhloko yenqubo yesevisi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Abaklami kudingeka basebenzise ukucabanga okusha nolwazi olusebenzayo ukuze baklame izixazululo ze-PCB ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza futhi ezongayo nezisebenzayo ngesisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isigaba sokuklama siphinde sihlanganise ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka nokuqinisekiswa kokuphepha kwesixazululo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuqina komkhiqizo.

3. Ukukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kwe-prototype: ukuguqulwa kusuka kumqondo kuya ebhizinisini

I-Prototyping iyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuguqula imidwebo yedizayini ibe yimikhiqizo ebonakalayo. Kulesi sigaba, ngokukhiqiza ama-prototypes e-PCB ngamaqoqo amancane futhi uwafake ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okuqinile, izinkinga ekwakhiweni zingatholwa futhi zixazululwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokukhiqizwa kwenqwaba okulandelayo.

4. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi: ukulawula okunembile kanye nokwenza ngcono izindleko

Ingena esigabeni sokukhiqiza ngobuningi, izinsizakalo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ze-PCB zezimoto zidinga ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi zinciphise izindleko ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwemishini yokukhiqiza, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukugeleza kwenqubo, njll. ukuze kuzuzwe imigomo emibili yokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

5. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa: ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokunakekelwa kwamakhasimende

Isigaba sokugcina sezinsizakalo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ze-PCB yezimoto ukulawula ikhwalithi kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa. Ngokuhlola ikhwalithi eqinile, siqinisekisa ukuthi iqoqo ngalinye lomkhiqizo lihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isevisi enhle yangemva kokuthengisa ingasabela ngokushesha ezidingweni zekhasimende futhi inikeze ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.

Inqubo yesevisi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ye-PCB yezimoto iwuchungechunge oluphelele kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwesidingo kuya kusevisi yokuthengisa ngemva kokuthengisa. Akubonisi nje kuphela ubungcweti bemboni ye-elekthronikhi yezimoto, kodwa futhi kukhombisa ukuqonda okujulile kokuguquguquka kwemakethe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka kanye nezimfuno zemakethe ziya ngokuya zihlukahluka, lezi zinqubo zizoqhubeka zithuthukiswa, zilethe amathuba amaningi emkhakheni we-automotive electronics.

I-Automotive PCB multilayer board production technology

Emkhakheni wanamuhla we-elekthronikhi yezimoto, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ibhodi le-PCB ye-multilayer yezimoto buye baba amandla abalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Lobu buchwepheshe abuhlobene nje nokusebenza nokuphepha kwezimoto kuphela, kodwa futhi buwumgogodla wokweseka umkhuba wezimoto zesimanje ezihlakaniphile nezifakwe ugesi. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula izici eziyingqayizivele zalobu buchwepheshe futhi siveze indima yalo ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza, ukwethembeka kanye nokusebenza okuphelele kwezinhlelo ze-elektroniki zezimoto.

一, Uhlolojikelele

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ibhodi le-PCB ye-automotive multilayer bubhekisela kubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe amaningi asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zikagesi zezimoto. Lawa mabhodi esekethe ngokuvamile anqwabelene ngezendlalelo eziningi zezendlalelo ezishintshayo zezinto eziqhutshwayo (ngokuvamile ithusi) nezinto ezivikelayo (njenge-epoxy noma i-fiberglass), isendlalelo ngasinye esixhunywe nge-vias. Amabhodi amaningi e-PCB ezimoto asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ezifana nezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ezisemotweni, amasistimu wokuzulazula, amasistimu okulawula ama-airbag, nezinhlelo zokuphatha injini.

二， Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo

1. Ukukhethwa kwempahla kanye nezici: Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhodi e-PCB multilayer ezimoto kudinga ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingamelana nezinga lokushisa elidlulele, umswakama, ukudlidliza kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Ama-substrates asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-FR-4 (fiberglass reinforced epoxy resin) nezinye izinto eziyinhlanganisela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

2. Izimiso zedizayini nokugeleza kwenqubo: Izinto ezifana nobuqotho besignali, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, namandla emishini adinga ukucatshangelwa phakathi nomklamo. Ukugeleza kwenqubo kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezifana nokwakhiwa kongqimba lwangaphakathi, i-lamination, ukubhola, i-electroplating, ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokuhlola.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bokucwenga kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi: I-Lamination iyinqubo yokuhlanganisa amabhodi amaningi anongqimba olulodwa ukuze akhe ibhodi elinezingqimba eziningi. Ukulawulwa okunembile kokucindezela nokushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlangana okuhle phakathi kwezingqimba. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuhilela ukuhlola izakhiwo zikagesi, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo kanye nokufaneleka kwemvelo kwamabhodi aphelile.

3. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele

1. Thuthukisa ubuqotho besignali kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka: Isakhiwo sebhodi lezingqimba eziningi singanciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphazanyiswa kanye ne-crosstalk endleleni yesignali futhi sithuthukise ukunemba nokuthembeka kokudluliswa kwesignali.

2. Lungiselela ukwakheka kwesikhala futhi uzuze ukuhlanganiswa kokuminyana okuphezulu: Amabhodi anezendlalelo eziningi avumela izingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi namasekhethi ukuba ahlelwe endaweni elinganiselwe, okusiza ukufeza ukuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zezimoto.

3. Zijwayelane nezindawo ezinokhahlo futhi uthuthukise ukuqina: Amabhodi ezingxenyekazi zezimoto ze-PCB aphathwe ngokukhethekile angagcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinokhahlo ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, umswakama nokudlidliza.

4. Amacala okusebenza asebenzayo

1. Uhlelo lokulawula i-Airbag: Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli anezendlalelo eziningi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-airbag ingasebenza ngokushesha nangokunembile uma kwenzeka kushayisana.

2. Uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokusiza abashayeli (i-ADAS): Amabhodi anezingqimba eziningi ahlinzeka ngendawo eyanele nokuxhumana okuthembekile ukuze kusekelwe ukucubungula idatha nokudluliswa kwamakhamera, ama-radar nezinye izinzwa.

3. Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri yemoto kagesi: Kulolu hlelo, ibhodi le-multilayer inesibopho sokuqapha isimo sebhethri, ukuphatha inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha kanye nokuvikela ibhethri emonakalweni.

5. Izinselelo Neziqondiso Zokuthuthukiswa

1. Izinkinga zokuvikela imvelo kanye nokusimama: Njengoba imithetho yokuvikela imvelo iba namandla kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ibhodi le-PCB yezingxenye eziningi zezimoto budinga ukufuna izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihambisana nemvelo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

2. Ukulawulwa kwezindleko kanye nezidingo zokusungula izinto ezintsha: Ukunciphisa izindleko kuyilapho uqinisekisa ikhwalithi kuyinselele enkulu abakhiqizi ababhekene nayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe semisebenzi emisha nokusebenza okuphezulu.

3. Ukuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe kanye nokubuyekezwa okujwayelekile komkhakha: Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-automotive electronics, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ibhodi le-PCB lezendlalelo eziningi nabo kudingeka buthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze buvumelane namazinga amasha emboni kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.

I-charm eyingqayizivele ye-automotive PCB multilayer board technology ukuthi inikeza ukusebenza okuhle, ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zezimoto. Kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto zokwakha kuya ekudizayineni okuyinkimbinkimbi kuya kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuhle kakhulu, sonke isinyathelo sibonisa ukuphishekela konjiniyela okungaguquki kokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi. Naphezu kwezinselelo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izindleko kanye nezibuyekezo zobuchwepheshe, lobu buchwepheshe bufakazele ukubaluleka kwabo okubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubuhlakani kanye nokufakwa kukagesi kwezimoto.