Lapha, izici ezine eziyisisekelo zezindawo zokugcina imvamisa yomsakazo zizohunyushwa zivela ezicini ezine: isibonisi se-radio Frequency, isiginali encane yokuphazamiseka, isibonakaliso esikhulu sokuphazamiseka, kanye nezinto ezibalulekile ezidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile kwinqubo yokuqamba i-PCB.
I-Radio Frequency interface yeRadio Frequency Circuituituituit sekulingisa
I-transmitter engenantambo nokwamukela ihlukaniswe ngezingxenye ezimbili: imvamisa yesisekelo kanye nomsakazo wemvamisa. Imvamisa ebalulekile ifaka uhla lwemvamisa lwesiginali yokufaka ye-transmitter kanye nobubanzi bokuvama kwesiginali yokuphuma kwalowo owemukelayo. I-bandwidth yemvamisa eyisisekelo inquma isilinganiso esiyisisekelo lapho idatha ingageleza ohlelweni. Imvamisa eyisisekelo isetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukuthembeka kokusakazwa kwedatha futhi kunciphise umthwalo obekelwe umdluliseli ekudluliseni okuphakathi ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokudlulisa idatha ethile. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ulwazi oluningi lobunjiniyela bobunjiniyela bokusebenza lapho beklama umjikelezo wemvamisa oyisisekelo kwi-PCB. Umjikelezo wemvamisa yomsakazo we-transmitter ungaguqula futhi uguqule uthuthukise isiginali ye-baseband esetshenzisiwe esiteshini esikhethiwe, bese ufaka lesi siginali ekudluliseni okuphakathi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umjikelezo wemvamisa yomsakazo walowo owemukelayo ungathola isibonakaliso kusuka ku-Supriment Medium, futhi uguqule futhi unciphise imvamisa kwimvamisa eyisisekelo.
I-Transmitter inezinhloso ezimbili eziphambili ze-PCB Design: Okokuqala ukuthi kumele badlulisele amandla athile ngenkathi bedla amandla amancane kungenzeka. Okwesibili ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukuphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kokudluliselwa eziteshini eziseduze. Ngokuqondene nomuntu owemukelayo, kunezinjongo ezintathu zomklamo omkhulu we-PCB: Okokuqala, kufanele babuyisele amasiginali amancane; Okwesibili, kufanele bakwazi ukususa amasiginali wokuphazamisa ngaphandle kwesiteshi esifunekayo; Futhi okokugcina, njengoTransmitter, kufanele badle amandla amancane kakhulu.
Isiginali enkulu yokuphazanyiswa kweRadio Frequency Circuituit sekulingisa
Owemukelayo kumele azwele kakhulu kumasiginali amancane, noma ngabe kunezimpawu ezinkulu zokuphazamisa (izithiyo). Lesi simo senzeka lapho sizama ukuthola isinali elibuthakathaka noma elide, nomhambisi onamandla oseduzane ukusakaza esiteshini esiseduze. Isiginali yokuphazamiseka ingaba ngu-60 kuye ku-70 db enkulu kunesiginali elilindelekile, futhi ingambozwa ngenani elikhulu ngesikhathi sesigaba sokufaka salowo owemukelayo, noma owemukelayo angakhiqiza umsindo ngokweqile ngesikhathi sesibili sokufaka ukuvimba ukwamukelwa kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile. Uma owamukelayo eqhutshwa esifundeni esingewona umugqa ngomthombo wokuphazanyiswa ngesikhathi sesigaba sokufaka, kuzokwenzeka izinkinga ezimbili ezingenhla. Ukuze ugweme lezi zinkinga, ukuphela kwangaphambili kwalowo owemukelayo kufanele abe ngomugqa omkhulu.
Ngakho-ke, "i-Linerity" nayo icatshangelwa okubalulekile ku-PCB Design of the Receiver. Njengoba isitholi singumjikelezo omncane, ukungahambi kahle kulinganiswa ngokulinganisa "ukuhlanekezela kwe-intermodation". Lokhu kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amaza amabili esisine noma amagagasi e-cosine anamaza afanayo futhi atholakala kwi-main band ukushayela isiginali yokufaka, bese ukala umkhiqizo wokuhlangana kwawo. Ngokuvamile, izinongo ziyi-software edla isikhathi futhi ekhuthaze kakhulu, ngoba kufanele yenze ukubalwa okuningi kwe-loop ukuthola isixazululo semvamisa esidingekayo ukuze uqonde ukwahlukana okudingekayo ukuze uqonde ukwahlukana.
Isiginali Encane Elindelwe ku-RF Circuituituituituit Simulation
Owemukelayo kumele azwele kakhulu ukuthola amasiginali amancane wokufaka. Ngokuvamile, amandla okufaka we-owemukelayo angaba yincane njenge-1 μv. Ukuzwela kwalowo owemukelayo kukhawulelwe ngumsindo okhiqizwe ngumjikelezo wawo wokufaka. Ngakho-ke, umsindo ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB yalowo owemukelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okubikezela umsindo onamathuluzi wokulingisa asemqoka. Umdwebo 1 uyisitholi esijwayelekile se-superhetodyne. Isiginali etholwe ihlungiwe kuqala, bese isinali lokufaka likhuliswe yi-amplifier yomsindo ophansi (LNA). Ngemuva kwalokho sebenzisa i-Oscillator yokuqala yendawo (bheka) ukuxuba nalesi siginali ukuguqula lesi siginali ibe imvamisa ephakathi (uma). Ukusebenza komsindo kwesifunda esingaphambili ngokuningi kuncike kwi-LNA, i-Mixer ne-LO. Yize ukuhlaziya umsindo wendabuko wezinongo kungawuthola umsindo we-LNA, akunamsebenzi ku-mixer no-lo, ngoba umsindo kula mabhulokhi uzothinteka kakhulu kwisibonakaliso esikhulu se-LO.
Isiginali yokufaka encane idinga ukwamukela ukuthi kube nomsebenzi omuhle we-Amplification, futhi ngokuvamile kudinga inzuzo ye-120 dB. Ngenzuzo ephezulu enjalo, noma yisiphi isiginali ehlanganiswe ukusuka ekuphumeni kokuphela emuva emuva kokuphela kokufaka kungadala izinkinga. Isizathu esibalulekile sokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwe-superherodyne receiver ukuthi kungasabalalisa inzuzo kumafrikhwensi amaningana ukunciphisa amathuba okuhlangana. Lokhu futhi kwenza imvamisa ye-LO yokuqala ihlukile kwimvamisa yesiginali yokufaka, engavimba amasiginali amakhulu okuphazamisa ekubeni "angcoliswe" kwizimpawu ezincane zokufaka.
Ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kwazinhlelo ezithile zokuxhumana ezingenantambo, ukuguqulwa okuqondile noma ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zaseHoododyne kungafaka esikhundleni sokwakhiwa kwe-superherodyne. Kulolu hlelo, isiginali yokufaka i-RF iguqulwa ngokuqondile kwimvamisa eyisisekelo esinyathelweni esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, iningi lenzuzo likulemvana eliyisisekelo, kanye nemvamisa ye-LO kanye nesiginali yokufaka kuyafana. Kulokhu, ithonya lenani elincane lokuhlanganiswa kumele liqondwe, futhi imodeli eningiliziwe ye- "Sustay Signal Path" kumele isungulwe, okuhambisana ne-substrate, izikhonkwane zephakheji (isibopho se-bonding (
Ukuphazanyiswa kwesiteshi esiseduze kweRadio Frequency Circuituit sekulingisa
Ukuhlanekezela nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ku-transmitter. Abangewona ulayini okhiqizwe yi-transmitter esemjikelezweni wokuphuma bangasakaza umkhawulokudonsa wesiginali edlulisiwe eziteshini eziseduze. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi "ukubuyiselwa okubukekayo". Ngaphambi kokuthi isinali lifinyelele kumandla we-transmitter amplifier (PA), umkhawulokudonsa wawo ukhawulelwe; Kepha ukuphambuka kwe- "IntermoDemution" ku-PA kuzokwenza ukuthi umkhawulokudonsa akhuphuke futhi. Uma i-bandwidth ikhuphuka kakhulu, i-transmitter ngeke ikwazi ukufeza izidingo zamandla eziteshini zalo eziseduze. Lapho kudluliswa amasiginali alungiswe ngedijithali, eqinisweni, izinongo azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukubikezela ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwe-spectrum. Ngoba ukuhanjiswa kwezimpawu ezingaba ngu-1 000 (uphawu) kumele kulungiswe ukuthola i-spectrum yokumele, kanye namagagasi omthwali afudumele kufanele ahlanganiswe, azokwenza ukuhlaziya izinongo ezingenzeka kungenzeki.