Enqubweni ye-PCB Design and Production, onjiniyela abanakudinga nje ukuvikela izingozi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza i-PCB, kodwa futhi badinga ukugwema ukuklama amaphutha. Le ndatshana ifingqa futhi ihlaziye lezi zinkinga ezijwayelekile ze-PCB, ngethemba lokuletha usizo kulowo oklanywe yiwo wonke umuntu nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza.
Inkinga 1: I-PCB Board Circuit emfushane
Le nkinga ingelinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile azokwenza ngokuqondile i-PCB Board ayisebenzi, futhi kunezizathu eziningi zale nkinga. Ake sihlaziye oyedwa ngezansi.
Imbangela enkulu ye-PCB emjikelezweni emfushane iyinhlangano engafanele ye-alder pad design. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Hound Solder Pad ingashintshwa ibe ngumumo we-oval ukwandisa ibanga phakathi kwamaphoyinti ukuvikela amasekethe amafushane.
Idizayini engafanele yokuqondisa kwezingxenye ze-PCB nayo izodala iBhodi ibe yisikhashana futhi sehluleke ukusebenza. Isibonelo, uma i-PIN ye-SAIC ifana ne-tin wave, kulula ukuyidala ingozi emfushane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuqondiswa kwengxenye kungashintshwa ngokufanele ukuze kwenze kube nge-perpendicular ku-tin wave.
Kunenye okungenzeka ukuthi kungenza ukwehluleka kwesisekelo okufushane kwe-PCB, okungukuthi, unyawo oluzenzakalelayo lwe-plug-in unyawo oluzenzakalelayo. Njengoba i-IPC isho ukuthi ubude bephini bungaphansi kwe-2mm futhi kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi izingxenye zizokwehla lapho i-angle yomlenze ikhulu kakhulu, futhi okuhlanganisiwe okuhlangene kufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-2mm kude nesifunda.
Ngaphezu kwezizathu ezintathu ezishiwo ngenhla, kunezizathu ezithile ezingadala ukwehluleka kwesizungu okufushane kwebhodi le-PCB, njengezimoto eziphansi kakhulu ze-TinctTrate, ukungcoliswa kwebhodi lomthengisi, njll. Onjiniyela bangaqhathanisa izimbangela ezingenhla ngokuvela kokwehluleka ukuqeda futhi bahlole ngamunye ngamunye.
Inkinga 2: Oxhumana nabo abamnyama nobabazekayo bavela ebhodini le-PCB
Inkinga yombala omnyama noma amalunga amancane anemincane kwi-PCB ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwe-solder kanye ne-oxides ngokweqile exutshwe ku-tin molton, okwakha isakhiwo esihlanganyelwe sodwa. Qikelela ukuthi ungazididali ngombala omnyama obangelwa usebenzisa i-soler enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-TIN.
Esinye isizathu sale nkinga ukuthi ukwakheka komthengisi okusetshenzisiwe kwinqubo yokukhiqiza sekushintshile, futhi okuqukethwe ukungcola kuphezulu kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-tin emsulwa noma ungene esikhundleni sokuthengisa. Ingilazi enezinhlansi ibangela izinguquko ezibonakalayo ekwakheni i-fiber, njengokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezingqimba. Kepha lesi simo asibangelwa amalunga ampofu. Isizathu ukuthi i-substrate ifudumele iphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa nokuzilungiselela noma ukwandisa ijubane le-substrate.
Inkinga Yesithathu: Amalunga we-PCB Soler eba ophuzi wegolide
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umthengisi ebhodini le-PCB ungwevu isiliva, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile amalunga wegolide solder avele. Isizathu esiyinhloko sale nkinga ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga kuphela ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo se-tin.
Umbuzo 4: Ibhodi Elibi nalo liyathinteka kwimvelo
Ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-PCB uqobo, kulula ukudala umonakalo kwi-PCB uma kusendaweni engemnandi. Izinga lokushisa elibi kakhulu noma lokushintshashintsha okuguqukayo, ukunxusa okuphezulu, ukudlidliza okuphezulu nezinye izimo zonke lezi zinto ezibangela ukusebenza kweBhodi kuncishiswe noma ngisho nokushaywa. Isibonelo, izinguquko ekushiseni okukhona kuzodala ukonakala kwebhodi. Ngakho-ke, amalunga omthengisi azobhujiswa, ukwakheka kwebhodi kuzogoba, noma umkhondo wethusi ebhodini kungenzeka aphulwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umswakama emoyeni ungadala i-oxidation, ukugqwala kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni zensimbi, njengokulandela umkhondo wethusi, amalunga okuthengisa, ama-pads kanye neminqumo yengxenye. Ukuqongelelwa kokungcola, uthuli, noma imfucumfucu ebusweni bezakhi namabhodi wesifunda kunganciphisa nokugeleza komoya nokupholisa kwezakhi, okubangela ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-PCB kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza. Ukudlidliza, ukulahla, ukushaya noma ukugoba i-PCB kuzokuqeda amandla futhi kubangele ukuthi ukuqhekeka kubonakale, ngenkathi i-PCB ephezulu noma ngaphezulu izokwenza ukuthi i-PCB iye yephulwe phansi noma ibangele ukuguga okusheshayo kwezakhi nezindlela.
Inkinga emihlanu: PCB Open Circuit
Lapho umkhondo ephukile, noma lapho umthengisi usesephethini hhayi kwingxenye yezomkhawulo, kungenzeka isekethe elivulekile. Kulokhu, akukho okunamahloni noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwengxenye ne-PCB. Njengemibuthano emifushane nje, lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma ukufudumeza nokunye ukusebenza. Ukudlidliza noma ukwelula ibhodi yesekethe, kwawaphonsa noma ezinye izinto zokulimala kwemishini kuzobhubhisa iminonjana noma amalunga omthengisi. Ngokufanayo, amakhemikhali noma umswakama kungadala ukuthi izingxenye noma izinsimbi zensimbi zigqoke, ezingadala ukuthi ingxenye yezempi iholele.
Inkinga eyisithupha: izingxenye ezikhululekile noma ezifakiwe
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhomba, izingxenye ezincane zingantanta kulowo oncibilikisiwe futhi ekugcineni zishiya ilitshe ngokuhlangana. Izizathu ezingaba khona zokufuduka noma ukuthambekela kufaka phakathi ukudlidliza noma ukugoqa kwezakhi ebhodini le-PCB elithengiwe ngenxa yokusekelwa kwebhodi lokujikeleza okunganele, ukuhambisa izinkinga zokunamathisela kwe-solte, nephutha lomuntu.
Inkinga Eyisikhombisa: Inkinga Ye-Welding
Lokhu okulandelayo kungenye yezinkinga ezibangelwa imikhuba emibi ye-welding:
Amajoyinti we-solder aphazamisekile: umthengisi uhamba ngaphambi kokuqina ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Lokhu kuyafana nokuhlanza okubandayo, kepha isizathu sehlukile. Ingalungiswa ngokuvuselelwa kabusha futhi iqinisekise ukuthi amajoyinti we-solder awaphazanyiswa ngaphandle lapho esepholile.
I-WELDDIGD ebandayo: Lesi simo senzeka lapho umthengisi engenakuncibilika kahle, okuholela ekuxhumeni okunzima kanye nokuxhumana okungathembekile. Njengoba umthengisi owedlulele kuvimbela ukuncibilika okuphelele, amajoyinti abandayo we-sole kungenzeka avele. Ikhambi ukuwavalelisa ngokuhlanganyela futhi ususe umthengisi ngokweqile.
I-Soler Bridge: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-solder ingena futhi ixhuma ngokomzimba emiholweni emibili ndawonye. Lokhu kungakha ukuxhumana okungalindelekile kanye nemibuthano emifushane, engadala ukuthi izakhi zishise noma zishise iminonjana lapho kukhulu kakhulu.
I-Pad: Ukumanzisa okunganele kokuhola noma ukuhola. Umthengisi omningi kakhulu noma omncane kakhulu. Ama-pads aphakeme ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile noma ukuthengisa okunzima.
Inkinga yesishiyagalombili: Iphutha lomuntu
Iningi lezinkinga ekukhiqizeni kwe-PCB zibangelwa yiphutha lomuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezingalungile, ukubekwa okungalungile zezakhi kanye nokucaciswa kokukhiqiza okungenamsebenzi kungadala kuze kube ngu-64% weziphene zomkhiqizo ezigwemayo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo, amathuba okubangela amaphutha akhuphuka ngenkimbinkimbi yesifunda kanye nenombolo yezinqubo zokukhiqiza: izakhi ezihlanganisiwe; izingqimba zesekethe eziningi; wiring emihle; izingxenye zokuthengisa komhlaba; izindiza zamandla nezinsikazi.
Yize wonke umenzi noma umhlanganisi unethemba lokuthi ibhodi le-PCB likhiqizwa likhululekile, kepha kunezinkinga eziningi zezinqubo zokukhiqiza nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezidala izinkinga ze-PCB ze-PCB ze-PCB.
Izinkinga nemiphumela ejwayelekile zifaka la maphuzu alandelayo: Ukuthengisa okumpofu kungaholela emibukeni emifushane, amasekethe avulekile, amalunga okubamba abandayo, njll.; Ukuphathwa kabi kwezingqimba zeBhodi kungaholela ekuxhumaneni kabi nokungasebenzi kahle ngokuphelele; Ukufakwa kabi kweminwe yethusi kungaholela ekulandelweni nasekulandelweni kukhona i-arc phakathi kwezintambo; Uma iminonjana yethusi ibekwa ngokuqinile phakathi kwe-vias, kunengozi yesifunda esifushane; Ukukhulu okunganele kwebhodi lesekethe kuzodala ukugoba nokuqhekeka.
