Enqubweni yokuklama nokukhiqiza kwe-PCB, onjiniyela abadingi nje kuphela ukuvimbela izingozi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza i-PCB, kodwa futhi kudingeka bagweme amaphutha okuklama. Lesi sihloko sifinyeza futhi sihlaziye lezi zinkinga ezijwayelekile ze-PCB, ngethemba lokuletha usizo oluthile emsebenzini wawo wonke wokwakha nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza.
Inkinga 1: PCB board short circuit
Le nkinga ingenye yamaphutha avamile azobangela ngokuqondile ukuthi ibhodi le-PCB lingasebenzi, futhi kunezizathu eziningi zale nkinga. Ake sihlaziye ngamunye ngamunye ngezansi.
Imbangela enkulu yesekethe ye-PCB iDesign pad engafanele. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-solder pad eyindilinga ingashintshwa ibe yisimo se-oval ukwandisa ibanga phakathi kwamaphoyinti ukuvimbela izifunda ezimfushane.
Idizayini engalungile yendlela yezingxenye ze-PCB izophinde ibangele ibhodi ukuthi lifinyelelise futhi lihluleke ukusebenza. Isibonelo, uma iphinikhodi ye-SOIC ihambisana ne-tin wave, kulula ukubangela ingozi yesifunda esifushane. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqondiso sengxenye singashintshwa ngokufanele ukuze siyenze ibe yi-perpendicular to wave tin.
Kukhona elinye ithuba elizobangela ukwehluleka kwesifunda esifushane se-PCB, okungukuthi, unyawo olugobile lwe-plug-in. Njengoba i-IPC ibeka ukuthi ubude bephini bungaphansi kuka-2mm futhi kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi izingxenye zizowa lapho i-angle yomlenze ogobile inkulu kakhulu, kulula ukubangela isifunda esifushane, futhi i-solder joint kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwalokho. 2mm kude nesekethe.
Ngaphezu kwezizathu ezintathu ezishiwo ngenhla, kukhona nezizathu ezithile ezingabangela ukwehluleka kwe-PCB ibhodi le-PCB, njengezimbobo ezinkulu ze-substrate, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lesithando somlilo, ukungatholakali kahle kwebhodi, ukwehluleka kwe-solder mask. , kanye nokungcoliswa kwendawo, njll., kuyimbangela evamile yokwehluleka. Onjiniyela bangaqhathanisa lezi zimbangela ezingenhla nokuvela kokwehluleka ukuqeda futhi bahlole ngayinye ngayinye.
Inkinga 2: Okuthintana naye okumnyama nokusanhlamvu kuvela ebhodini le-PCB
Inkinga yombala omnyama noma amalunga amancane anezinhlamvu ezincane ku-PCB ibangelwa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwe-solder kanye nama-oxide amaningi axutshwe ethini elincibilikisiwe, okwenza isakhiwo esihlangene se-solder sihlakazeke kakhulu. Qaphela ukuthi ungayiphambanisi nombala omnyama obangelwa ukusebenzisa i-solder enokuqukethwe kwethini eliphansi.
Esinye isizathu sale nkinga ukuthi ukubunjwa kwe-solder esetshenziselwa inqubo yokukhiqiza kushintshile, futhi okuqukethwe kokungcola kuphezulu kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukwengeza ithini elihlanzekile noma esikhundleni se-solder. Ingilazi enemibala idala izinguquko ezibonakalayo ekwakhekeni kwefayibha, njengokuhlukana phakathi kwezingqimba. Kodwa lesi simo asibangelwa amalunga ampofu e-solder. Isizathu siwukuthi i-substrate ishisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa nokushisa noma ukwandisa isivinini se-substrate.
Inkinga yesithathu: Amalunga e-PCB solder abephuzi ngokusagolide
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-solder ebhodini le-PCB inombala osiliva ompunga, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuvela amalunga egolide. Isizathu esiyinhloko sale nkinga ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga kuphela ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo.
Umbuzo 4: Ibhodi elibi nalo liyathinteka yimvelo
Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-PCB ngokwayo, kulula ukubangela umonakalo ku-PCB uma isendaweni engalungile. Izinga lokushisa elidlulele noma izinga lokushisa eliguquguqukayo, umswakama owedlulele, ukudlidliza okuphezulu kanye nezinye izimo zonke izici ezenza ukusebenza kwebhodi kuncishiswe noma kukhishwe. Isibonelo, izinguquko ekushiseni kwe-ambient kuzodala ukuguqulwa kwebhodi. Ngakho-ke, amalunga e-solder azobhujiswa, isimo sebhodi sizogoba, noma imikhondo yethusi ebhodini ingase iphulwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umswakama osemoyeni ungabangela i-oxidation, ukugqwala kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni zensimbi, njengeminonjana yethusi eveziwe, amalunga e-solder, amaphedi kanye nomkhondo wezingxenye. Ukunqwabelana kokungcola, uthuli, noma imfucumfucu ebusweni bezingxenye namabhodi esekethe kunganciphisa futhi ukugeleza komoya nokupholisa kwezingxenye, kubangele ukushisa ngokweqile kwe-PCB kanye nokonakala kokusebenza. Ukudlidliza, ukwehlisa, ukushaya noma ukugoba i-PCB kuzoyikhubaza futhi kubangele ukuqhekeka kuvele, kuyilapho umbane ophezulu noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kuzobangela ukuba i-PCB iphuke noma kubangele ukuguga okusheshayo kwezingxenye nezindlela.
Inkinga yesihlanu: Isekhethi evulekile ye-PCB
Uma umkhondo uphukile, noma lapho i-solder i-pad kuphela futhi ingekho engxenyeni eholela, isifunda esivulekile singenzeka. Kulokhu, akukho ukunamathela noma ukuxhumana phakathi kwengxenye ne-PCB. Njengamasekhethi amafushane, lokhu kungenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza noma ukushisela nokunye ukusebenza. Ukudlidliza noma ukwelula kwebhodi lesifunda, ukuwayeka noma ezinye izici ze-deformation zomshini kuzobhubhisa iminonjana noma amalunga e-solder. Ngokufanayo, amakhemikhali noma umswakama kungabangela i-solder noma izingxenye zensimbi ukugqoka, okungabangela ingxenye eholela ekuphukeni.
Inkinga yesithupha: izingxenye ezixegayo noma ezingabekwanga kahle
Phakathi nenqubo yokugeleza kabusha, izingxenye ezincane zingase zintante ku-solder encibilikisiwe futhi ekugcineni zishiye i-solder ehlosiwe. Izizathu ezingaba khona zokufuduka noma ukutsheka zihlanganisa ukudlidliza noma ukugxusha kwezingxenye ebhodini le-PCB elidayisiwe ngenxa yokusekelwa okunganele kwebhodi lesifunda, izilungiselelo ze-oven reflow, izinkinga zokunamathisela i-solder, kanye nephutha lomuntu.
Inkinga yesikhombisa: inkinga yokushisela
Okulandelayo ezinye zezinkinga ezibangelwa imikhuba engemihle yokushisela:
Amalungu e-solder aphazamisekile: I-solder ihamba ngaphambi kokuqina ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle. Lokhu kufana namajoyini e-solder abandayo, kodwa isizathu sihlukile. Ingalungiswa ngokushisa kabusha futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amalunga e-solder awaphazanyiswa ngaphandle lapho epholile.
I-Cold Welding: Lesi simo senzeka lapho i-solder ingakwazi ukuncibilika kahle, okuholela ezindaweni ezimbi kanye nokuxhumana okungathembeki. Njengoba i-solder ngokweqile ivimbela ukuncibilika okuphelele, amalunga abandayo e-solder angase avele. Ikhambi liwukushisa kabusha i-joint futhi ususe i-solder eyeqile.
Ibhuloho le-Solder: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-solder iwela futhi ixhuma ngokomzimba imikhondo emibili ndawonye. Lokhu kungase kwakhe ukuxhumana okungalindelekile namasekhethi amafushane, okungabangela izingxenye ukuthi zishise noma zishise imikhondo uma i-current iphezulu kakhulu.
Iphedi: ukumanzisa okunganele komthofu noma umthofu. I-solder eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu. Amaphedi aphakanyisiwe ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile noma i-soldering embi.
Inkinga yesishiyagalombili: iphutha lomuntu
Iningi lamaphutha ekwenziweni kwe-PCB kubangelwa iphutha lomuntu. Ezimweni eziningi, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezingalungile, ukubekwa okungalungile kwezingxenye kanye nemininingwane yokukhiqiza engenamsebenzi kungabangela kufikela ku-64% wezinkinga ezingagwemeka zomkhiqizo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo, amathuba okuba abangele amaphutha ayanda ngobunkimbinkimbi besifunda kanye nenani lezinqubo zokukhiqiza: izingxenye ezipakishwe kakhulu; izingqimba eziningi zesifunda; izintambo ezinhle; izingxenye ze-soldering ebusweni; amandla kanye nezindiza eziphansi.
Nakuba wonke umkhiqizi noma umhlanganisi ethemba ukuthi ibhodi le-PCB elikhiqizwayo alinawo amaphutha, kodwa kunezinkinga eziningi zenqubo yokuklama nokukhiqiza ezibangela izinkinga eziqhubekayo zebhodi le-PCB.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile kanye nemiphumela zihlanganisa amaphuzu alandelayo: i-solder engalungile ingaholela emibuthanweni emifushane, ama-circuits avulekile, ama-cold solder joints, njll.; ukungahambi kahle kwezingqimba zebhodi kungaholela ekuxhumaneni okungalungile kanye nokusebenza kabi okuphelele; Ukwehliswa okungalungile kwemikhondo yethusi kungaholela ekulandeleni nasekulandeleni Kukhona i-arc phakathi kwezintambo; uma imikhondo yethusi ibekwe ngokuqinile phakathi kwe-vias, kunengozi yesifunda esifushane; ukushuba okunganele kwebhodi lesifunda kuzodala ukugoba nokuphuka.