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Umhlangano Wesine Wabaholi BeSivumelwano Sokusebenzisana Kwezomnotho Esibanzi Wabanjwa ngoNovemba 15. Amazwe ayishumi e-ASEAN namazwe ayi-15 ahlanganisa i-China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, ne-New Zealand asayine ngokusemthethweni Isivumelwano Se-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), ephawula global Isivumelwano esikhulu kunazo zonke sohwebo lwamahhala safinyelelwa ngokusemthethweni. Ukusayinwa kwe-RCEP kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthi amazwe esifunda athathe izinyathelo ezibambekayo ukuze avikele uhlelo lokuhwebelana lwezizwe ngezizwe futhi akhe umnotho womhlaba ovulekile. Kuwuphawu olubalulekile lokujulisa ukudidiyelwa komnotho wesifunda kanye nokusimamisa umnotho womhlaba.

UMnyango Wezezimali wabhala kusizindalwazi sawo esisemthethweni ngoNovemba 15 ukuthi Isivumelwano se-RCEP sizuze imiphumela enezithelo ekukhululweni kokuhwebelana ngezimpahla. Ukwehliswa kwamanani entengo phakathi kwamalungu kusekelwe kakhulu ekuzibophezeleni kokunciphisa amanani entengo ngokushesha kube yiziro kanye nokunciphisa amanani entengo abe yiziro phakathi neminyaka eyishumi. Indawo yohwebo lwamahhala kulindeleke ukuthi izuze imiphumela ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kwezigaba esikhathini esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-China ne-Japan zafinyelela ohlelweni lokuncishiswa kwentela emazweni amabili, kwazuza impumelelo eyingqophamlando. Lesi sivumelwano sizosiza ukukhuthaza ukufezeka kwezinga eliphezulu lokukhululeka kwezohwebo esifundeni.

UMnyango Wezezimali uthe ukusayinwa ngempumelelo kwe-RCEP kuzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusimama komnotho wamazwe ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane kanye nokugqugquzela ukuchuma nentuthuko yesikhathi eside. Ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokukhulula ezohwebo kuzoletha ukukhuthazwa okukhulu emnothweni wesifunda kanye nokuchuma kwezohwebo. Imiphumela ekhethwayo yesivumelwano izuzisa abathengi kanye namabhizinisi ezimboni ngokuqondile, futhi izodlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimakethe zabathengi kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokuhweba zebhizinisi.

Isivumelwano esifakwe esahlukweni se-e-commerce

Isivumelwano se-RCEP siqukethe isethulo, izahluko ezingama-20 (ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa izahluko ezimayelana nokuhweba ngezimpahla, imithetho yemvelaphi, amakhambi okuhweba, ukuhweba ngezinkonzo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuhweba nge-elekthronikhi, ukuthenga kukahulumeni, njll.), kanye nethebula lezibopho zohwebo. ezimpahleni, ekuhwebeni ngezinkonzo, ekutshalweni kwezimali, nasekuhambeni kwesikhashana kwabantu bemvelo. Ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhululeka kohwebo lwempahla esifundeni, ukwehlisa amanani entengo kuwukuvumelana kwamazwe angamalungu.

IPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo kanye nePhini Lomele Izingxoxo Zohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe u-Wang Shouwen uthe engxoxweni nabezindaba ukuthi i-RCEP ayisona nje isivumelwano sohwebo samahhala esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa futhi iyisivumelwano sohwebo samahhala esiphelele, sesimanjemanje, esisezingeni eliphezulu futhi esizuzisa ngokufanayo. "Ukucacisa, okokuqala, i-RCEP iyisivumelwano esibanzi. Ihlanganisa izahluko ezingu-20, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela kwemakethe yokuhweba kwezimpahla, ukuhweba ngesevisi, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokusiza uhwebo, amalungelo empahla yengqondo, ukuhweba nge-inthanethi, inqubomgomo yokuncintisana, nokuthengwa kukahulumeni. Imithetho eminingi. Kungashiwo ukuthi isivumelwano sihlanganisa zonke izici zokuhweba nokutshalwa kwezimali inkululeko kanye nokwenza lula. "

Okwesibili, i-RCEP isivumelwano sesimanje. U-Wang Shouwen wabonisa ukuthi yamukela imithetho yokuqongelela imvelaphi yesifunda ukuze isekele ukuthuthukiswa kwamaketanga okuhlinzeka ngezimboni zesifunda; yamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukusingathwa kwezimpahla kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha eziwela imingcele; yamukela uhlu olubi ukwenza izibopho zokufinyelela ekutshalweni kwezimali, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubonakala kwezinqubomgomo zokutshalwa kwezimali; Lesi sivumelwano sihlanganisa nezahluko zezinga eliphezulu lempahla yobuhlakani kanye ne-e-commerce ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenkathi yomnotho wedijithali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-RCEP isivumelwano sekhwalithi ephezulu. U-Wang Shouwen uqhube wathi isamba senani lemikhiqizo ye-zero-tariff ekuhwebeni ngezimpahla lidlula ama-90%. Izinga lohwebo lwesevisi kanye nokukhululwa kokutshalwa kwezimali liphezulu kakhulu kunesivumelwano sokuqala sokuhweba samahhala “10+1″. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-RCEP yengeze ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana kwamahhala phakathi kweChina, iJapan neJapan kanye neNingizimu Korea, okukhulise kakhulu izinga lohwebo lwamahhala esifundeni. Ngokwezibalo zamazwe omhlaba, ngo-2025, i-RCEP kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngo-10.4% ngaphezu kwesisekelo.

Ngokwezibalo zakamuva ezivela eMnyangweni Wezohwebo, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuSepthemba 2020, ukuhwebelana kwezwe lami namanye amalungu e-RCEP kufinyelele ku-US$1,055 webhiliyoni, okubalelwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yohwebo oluphelele lwaseShayina. Ikakhulukazi, ngobudlelwano obusha obusanda kusungulwa be-China-Japan bohwebo lwamahhala nge-RCEP, ukuhwebelana kwezwe lami nabalingani bohwebo lwamahhala kuzokhuphuka kusuka ku-27% kuya ku-35%. Ukuzuzwa kwe-RCEP kuzosiza ukwandisa indawo yemakethe yokuthekelisa yaseShayina, kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwempahla yasekhaya, kuqinise uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngochungechunge lwezimboni zesifunda, futhi kusize ukuzinzisa uhwebo lwangaphandle kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Kuzosiza ukwakha umjikelezo wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe okhuthazanayo. Iphethini entsha yokuthuthukisa inikeza ukwesekwa okusebenzayo.

Yiziphi izinkampani ezizuzayo ngokusayina i-RCEP?

Ngokusayinwa kwe-RCEP, ozakwethu abakhulu be-China bazophinde badlulisele e-ASEAN, Japan, South Korea nakwamanye amazwe. I-RCEP izophinde ilethe amathuba ezinkampanini. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinkampani ezizozuza kuyo?

U-Li Chunding, uprofesa eSikoleni Sezomnotho Nokuphathwa kwe-China Agricultural University, utshele izintatheli ukuthi izinkampani ezigxile ekuthengiseni kwamanye amazwe zizohlomula kakhulu, izinkampani ezinohwebo oluningi lwangaphandle kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali zizothola amathuba engeziwe, futhi izinkampani ezinokuncintisana zizothola izinzuzo ezengeziwe.

“Yebo, kungase kuphinde kulethe izinselelo ezithile kwezinye izinkampani. Isibonelo, njengoba izinga lokuvuleleka lijula, izinkampani ezinezinzuzo eziqhathaniswayo kwamanye amazwe angamalungu zingase zilethe imithelela ethile ezinkampanini zasekhaya ezihambisanayo.” U-Li Chunding uthe ukuhlelwa kabusha kanye nokwakheka kabusha kochungechunge lwenani lesifunda olwenziwa yi-RCEP kuzophinde kulethe ukuhlelwa kabusha nokwakheka kabusha kwamabhizinisi, ngakho-ke kukonke, amabhizinisi amaningi angazuza.

Izinkampani zilisebenzisa kanjani leli thuba? Mayelana nalokhu, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani zifuna amathuba amasha ebhizinisi elethwa yi-RCEP, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele zakhe amandla angaphakathi futhi zithuthukise ukuncintisana kwazo.

I-RCEP izoletha noguquko lwezimboni. U-Li Chunding ukholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokudluliswa nokuguqulwa kochungechunge lwenani kanye nomthelela wokuvulwa kwesifunda, izimboni zokuqala zenzuzo yokuqhathanisa zingathuthuka futhi zilethe izinguquko esakhiweni sezimboni.

Ukusayinwa kwe-RCEP ngokungangabazeki kuyinzuzo enkulu ezindaweni ezithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe nasekuthumeleni emazweni angaphandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho.

Umsebenzi womnyango wezohwebo wasendaweni utshele izintatheli ukuthi ukusayinwa kwe-RCEP kuzoletha izinzuzo embonini yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseChina. Ngemva kokuba ozakwabo bethumele lezi zindaba eqenjini lomsebenzi, ngokushesha bavusa izingxoxo ezishisayo.

Ilungu labasebenzi lithe amazwe aphambili ebhizinisi ezinkampanini zasekhaya zohwebo lwangaphandle amazwe ase-ASEAN, iSouth Korea, i-Australia, njll., ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zebhizinisi futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, indlela eyinhloko yokukhipha izitifiketi ezithandwayo zemvelaphi ukukhipha inombolo enkulu yezitifiketi. Yonke imvelaphi ingeyamazwe angamalungu e-RCEP. Uma sikhuluma nje, i-RCEP inciphisa amanani entengo ngamandla, okuzodlala indima ebonakalayo ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi asekhaya ohwebo lwangaphandle.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle seziphenduke into egxilwa yiwo wonke amaqembu ngenxa yokuthi izimakethe zemikhiqizo yazo noma uchungechunge lwezimboni zibandakanya amazwe angamalungu e-RCEP.
Mayelana nalokhu, i-Guangdong Development Strategy ikholelwa ukuthi ukusayinwa kwe-RCEP ngamazwe ayi-15 kusho ukuphothulwa okusemthethweni kwesivumelwano sohwebo samahhala esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Amatimu ahlobene avula amathuba okutshala imali futhi asiza ekukhuliseni umuzwa wemakethe. Uma umkhakha wetimu ungaqhubeka nokusebenza, uzosiza ekubuyiselweni okuphelele komqondo wemakethe futhi uzodlala indima ehamba phambili ku-Shanghai Stock Exchange Index. Uma ivolumu ingakhuliswa ngokuphumelelayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kokushaqeka kwesikhashana, i-Shanghai Index kulindeleke ukuthi iphinde ishaye indawo yokumelana ne-3400.