Njengoba ubukhulu bezingxenye ze-PCBA buba buncane futhi buncipha, ukuminyana kuya ngokuya kukhuphuka; Ubude phakathi kwamadivayisi namadivayisi (i-pitch/ground clearance phakathi kwe-PCB ne-PCB) nakho kuya ngokuya kuncipha, futhi umthelela wezici zemvelo ku-PCBA nawo uyakhula, ngakho-ke sibeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuthembeka. yemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi PCBA.
Izingxenye ze-PCBA ukusuka kwezinkulu kuye kwezincane, ukusuka kokuncane kuye kokuminyene ukushintsha umkhuba
Izici zemvelo kanye nemiphumela yazo
Izici ezivamile zemvelo ezinjengomswakama, uthuli, isifutho sikasawoti, isikhunta, njll., kubangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokuhluleka kwe-PCBA
Umswakama endaweni yangaphandle yezingxenye ze-PCB ye-elekthronikhi, cishe konke kunengozi yokugqwala, lapho amanzi ayindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokugqwala, ama-molecule amanzi mancane ngokwanele ukungena igebe lamangqamuzana lezinto ezithile ze-polymer ngaphakathi noma ngokusebenzisa. amaphinifa okunamathela ukuze afinyelele ukugqwala kwensimbi engaphansi. Uma umkhathi ufinyelela umswakamo othile, ungabangela ukufuduka kwe-electrochemical PCB, ukuvuza kwamanje kanye nokuhlanekezela kwesignali kumasekhethi anemvamisa ephezulu.
PCBA inhlangano |SMT patch processing | ibhodi lesifunda ukushisela processing |OEM electronic assembly | ukucubungula isichibi sebhodi lesifunda - I-Gaotuo Electronic Technology
Umhwamuko/umswakama + ukungcola kwe-ionic (usawoti, ama-flux asebenzayo) = i-electrolyte conductive + i-stress voltage = ukufuduka kwe-electrochemical
Lapho i-RH emkhathini ifinyelela ku-80%, kuyoba nama-molecule angu-5 kuya kwangu-20 ifilimu yamanzi aminyene, zonke izinhlobo zama-molecule zingahamba ngokukhululekile, lapho kukhona i-carbon, zingase zikhiqize ukusabela kwe-electrochemical; Lapho i-RH ifinyelela ku-60%, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwempahla luzokwenza ifilimu yamanzi enogqinsi lwama-molecule wamanzi angu-2 kuya kwangu-4, futhi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuzokwenzeka lapho ukungcola kuncibilika kuwo. Lapho i-RH <20% emkhathini, cishe zonke izenzakalo zokugqwala ziyama;
Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela umswakama kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikela umkhiqizo.
Emishinini kagesi, umswakama uza ngezindlela ezintathu: imvula, ukujiya kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi. Amanzi ayi-electrolyte engancibilikisa inani elikhulu lama-ion agqwalayo agqwalisa izinsimbi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lengxenye ethile yezinto zokusebenza lingaphansi “kwephuzu lamazolo” (izinga lokushisa), kuzoba nokufingqa phezulu: izingxenye zesakhiwo noma i-PCBA.
uthuli
Kukhona uthuli emkhathini, futhi uthuli lukhanga ukungcola kwe-ion ukuze kuhlale ngaphakathi kwemishini kagesi futhi kubangele ukwehluleka. Lesi isici esivamile sokuhluleka kwe-elekthronikhi emkhakheni.
Uthuli luhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: uthuli oluqinile luyizinhlayiya ezingajwayelekile ezinobubanzi obuyi-2.5 kuya ku-15 microns, ngokuvamile engabangeli izinkinga ezifana nokwehluleka, i-arc, kodwa ithinta ukuthintana kwesixhumi; Uthuli oluhle yizinhlayiya ezingajwayelekile ezinobubanzi obungaphansi kwama-microns angu-2.5. Uthuli oluhle lunokunamathela okuthile ku-PCBA (veneer) futhi lungasuswa ngamabhulashi aphikisana ne-static.
Izingozi zothuli: a. Ngenxa yothuli oluhlala ebusweni be-PCBA, ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical kukhiqizwa, futhi izinga lokuhluleka liyakhula; b. Uthuli + ukushisa okumanzi + isifutho sikasawoti sinomonakalo omkhulu ku-PCBA, futhi ukwehluleka kwemishini ye-elekthronikhi kuningi kakhulu ogwini, ogwadule (umhlaba we-saline-alkali), kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali nezindawo zezimayini eduze nomfula i-Huaihe ngesikhathi sokukhunta nemvula. .
Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela uthuli kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikelwa kwemikhiqizo.
Isifutho sikasawoti
Ukwakheka kwesifutho sikasawoti: isifutho sikasawoti sibangelwa izici zemvelo ezifana namagagasi, amagagasi kanye nokujikeleza komkhathi (monsoon) ukucindezela, ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi kuzowela phakathi nezwe nomoya, futhi ukugxila kwawo kuncipha nebanga ukusuka ogwini, ngokuvamile i-1Km ukusuka. ugu luyi-1% yogu (kodwa isishingishane sizophephela phambili).
Ukulimala kwesifutho sikasawoti: a. limaza ukumbozwa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi; b. Izinga lokugqwala elisheshayo le-electrochemical liholela ekuqhekekeni kwentambo yensimbi kanye nokwehluleka kwengxenye.
Imithombo efanayo yokugqwala: a. Kukhona usawoti, i-urea, i-lactic acid namanye amakhemikhali esandleni sokujuluka, anomphumela ofanayo wokugqwala emishinini ye-elekthronikhi njengesifutho sikasawoti, ngakho-ke amagilavu ​​kufanele agqoke ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa noma ukusetshenziswa, futhi ukumboza akufanele kuthinteke ngezandla ezingenalutho; b. Kukhona ama-halogen nama-acids ku-flux, okufanele ahlanzwe futhi alawule ukugxila kwawo okusele.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela isifutho sikasawoti kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikela umkhiqizo.
isikhunta
Isikhutha, igama elivamile lesikhunta esinama-filamentous, lisho “isikhunta esikhuntile,” esivame ukwakha i-mycelium evundile, kodwa singakhiqizi imizimba emikhulu ethela izithelo njengamakhowe. Ezindaweni ezimanzi nezifudumele, izinto eziningi zikhula ama-fluff abonakalayo, ama-flocculent noma ama-spider colonies, okuyisikhunta.
I-PCB Mold phenomenon
Ukulimala kwesikhunta: a. isikhunta i-phagocytosis kanye nokusakazeka kwenza ukufakwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunciphe, ukulimala nokwehluleka; b. Ama-metabolites esikhunta angama-asidi e-organic, athinta ukufakwa nokumelana nogesi futhi akhiqize i-arc.
PCBA inhlangano |SMT patch processing | ibhodi lesifunda ukushisela processing |OEM electronic assembly | ukucubungula isichibi sebhodi lesifunda - I-Gaotuo Electronic Technology
Ngakho-ke, i-anti-mold iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikelwa kwemikhiqizo.
Ngokucabangela izici ezingenhla, ukwethembeka komkhiqizo kufanele kuqinisekiswe kangcono, futhi kufanele kuhlukaniswe nemvelo yangaphandle ngendlela ephansi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke inqubo yokugqoka umumo yethulwa.
Ngemuva kwenqubo yokumboza ye-PCB, umphumela wokudubula ngaphansi kwesibani esibubende, ukugqoka kwangempela nakho kungaba kuhle kakhulu!
I-anti-paint coating emithathu ibhekisela endaweni ye-PCB embozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-insulation protective layer, okwamanje iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlanganisa i-post-welding surface, ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-surface coating, i-coating shape coating (igama lesiNgisi, i-conformal coating. ). Ihlukanisa izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezibucayi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi futhi yandise impilo yesevisi yemikhiqizo. Izembatho ezimelana kathathu zivikela amasekhethi/izingxenye ezicini zemvelo ezifana nomswakama, ukungcola, ukugqwala, ingcindezi, ukushaqeka, ukudlidliza kwemishini kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo, kuyilapho futhi kuthuthukisa amandla emishini kanye nezakhiwo zokushisa zomkhiqizo.
Ngemuva kwenqubo yokumboza, i-PCB yenza ifilimu evikelayo ebonakalayo ebusweni, engavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukungena kobuhlalu bamanzi nomswakama, ugweme ukuvuza nokujikeleza okufushane.
2. Amaphuzu ayinhloko wenqubo yokugqoka
Ngokwezidingo ze-IPC-A-610E(Electronic Assembly Testing Standard), ibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo.
Ibhodi le-PCB eliyinkimbinkimbi
1. Izindawo ezingakwazi ukumbozwa:
Izindawo ezidinga ukuxhunywa kukagesi, njengamaphedi egolide, iminwe yegolide, insimbi ephuma emigodini, izimbobo zokuhlola; Amabhethri nokukhwezwa kwebhethri; Isixhumi; Fuse kanye nezindlu; Idivayisi yokukhipha ukushisa; I-Jumper wire; Amalensi wezinto ezibonakalayo; I-Potentiometer; Inzwa; Ayikho inkinobho evaliwe; Ezinye izindawo lapho ukugqoka kungathinta ukusebenza noma ukusebenza.
2. Izindawo okufanele ziboshwe: wonke amalunga e-solder, izikhonkwane, abaqhubi bezingxenye.
3. Izindawo ezingapendwa noma zingapendiwe
ukujiya
Ubukhulu bulinganiswa endaweni eyisicaba, engavimbeki, ephulukisiwe yengxenye yesekethe ephrintiwe, noma kupuleti lokunamathiselwe elenziwa inqubo yokukhiqiza nengxenye. Ibhodi elinamathiselwe lingase libe yinto efanayo nebhodi eliphrintiwe noma ezinye izinto ezingezona izimbotshana, njengensimbi noma ingilazi. Isilinganiso sobukhulu befilimu emanzi singasetshenziswa futhi njengendlela yokuzikhethela yokulinganisa ukujiya kokumboza, inqobo nje uma ubudlelwano bokuguqulwa phakathi kogqinsi lwefilimu elomile nelimanzi bubhalwe phansi.
Ithebula 1: Izinga lobubanzi bokuqina bohlobo ngalunye lwempahla yokunameka
Indlela yokuhlola ukuqina:
1. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukujiya kwefilimu elomile: i-micrometer (IPC-CC-830B); b Igeji Yokuqina Kwefilimu Eyomile (Isisekelo sensimbi)
Ithuluzi lefilimu elomile le-Micrometer
2. Isilinganiso sobukhulu befilimu emanzi: Ubukhulu befilimu emanzi bungatholwa ngegeji yokuqina kwefilimu emanzi, bese kubalwa ngengxenye yokuqukethwe okuqinile kweglue.
Ubukhulu befilimu eyomile
Ubukhulu befilimu obumanzi butholakala ngegeji yokuqina kwefilimu emanzi, bese kubalwa ubukhulu befilimu eyomile
Ukulungiswa komphetho
Incazelo: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isifutho se-valve yesifutho esiphuma onqenqemeni lomugqa ngeke siqonde kakhulu, kuyohlale kune-burr ethile. Sichaza ububanzi be-burr njengokulungiswa komphetho. Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, usayizi we-d uyinani lokulungiswa komphetho.
Qaphela: Ukulungiswa konqenqema ngokuqinisekile kuncane kakhulu, kodwa izidingo zekhasimende ezihlukile azifani, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa konqenqema okunamathiselwe okuthile inqobo nje uma kuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhasimende.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokulungiswa komphetho
I-uniformity, i-glue kufanele ifane nobukhulu obufanayo kanye nefilimu ekhanyayo ebushelelezi embozwe emkhiqizweni, kugcizelelwa ukufana kweglue embozwe umkhiqizo ngaphezu kwendawo, khona-ke kufanele kube ukushuba okufanayo, azikho izinkinga zenqubo: imifantu, i-stratification, imigqa ewolintshi, ukungcola, i-capillary phenomenon, amabhamuza.
I-axis othomathikhi ye-AC yochungechunge oluzenzakalelayo lomshini wokuhlanganisa umphumela, ukufana kuyavumelana kakhulu
3. Indlela yokugcwaliseka yenqubo yokumboza kanye nenqubo yokumboza
Isinyathelo 1 Lungiselela
Lungiselela imikhiqizo kanye ne-glue nezinye izinto ezidingekayo; Ukunquma indawo yokuvikelwa kwendawo; Nquma imininingwane ebalulekile yenqubo
Isinyathelo sesi-2 Geza
Kufanele ihlanzwe phakathi nesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokushisela ukuvimbela ukungcola kokushisela ekubeni kube nzima ukuyihlanza; Ukunquma ukuthi ukungcola okuyinhloko kuyi-polar noma akusiyo i-polar ukuze ukhethe i-ejenti yokuhlanza efanele; Uma kusetshenziswa i-ejenti yokuhlanza utshwala, izindaba zokuphepha kufanele zinakwe: kufanele kube nemithetho yokungena komoya enhle kanye nenqubo yokupholisa kanye nokomisa ngemva kokugeza, ukuvimbela ukuvuthwa kwe-solvent okusele okubangelwa ukuqhuma kuhhavini; Ukuhlanza amanzi, geza i-flux nge-alkaline yokuhlanza uketshezi (emulsion), bese ugeza uketshezi lokuhlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze uhlangabezane nezinga lokuhlanza;
3. Ukuvikelwa kwe-masking (uma imishini yokuhlanganisa ekhethiwe ingasetshenziswa), okungukuthi, imaski;
Kufanele ukhethe ifilimu non-anamathelayo ngeke ukudlulisa tape iphepha; I-Anti-static paper tape kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuvikela i-IC; Ngokwezidingo zemidwebo, amanye amadivaysi avikelekile;
4.Dehumidify
Ngemuva kokuhlanza, i-PCBA evikelekile (ingxenye) kumele yomiswe ngaphambili futhi ikhishwe emanzini ngaphambi kokumbozwa; Nquma izinga lokushisa/isikhathi sokumisa ngaphambilini ngokwezinga lokushisa elivunyelwe yi-PCBA (ingxenye);
Ithebula 2: I-PCBA (izingxenye) ingavunyelwa ukunquma izinga lokushisa/isikhathi sethebula lokomiswa kwangaphambili
Isinyathelo sesi-5 Faka isicelo
Indlela yenqubo yokumboza incike ezidingweni zokuvikela ze-PCBA, imishini yenqubo ekhona kanye nezindawo ezikhona zobuchwepheshe, ezivame ukufezwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
a. Gcoba ngesandla
Indlela yokudweba ngesandla
Ukugcotshwa kwebhulashi kuyinqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi, elungele ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba encane, isakhiwo se-PCBA siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siminyene, sidinga ukuvikela izidingo zokuvikela imikhiqizo enokhahlo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuxubha kungalawula ukumbozwa ngokuthanda kwakho, izingxenye ezingavunyelwe ukupenda ngeke zingcoliswe; Ukusetshenziswa kwebhulashi kwezinto ezincane kakhulu, ezifanele intengo ephakeme yezingxenye ezimbili zokumboza; Inqubo yokuxubha inezidingo eziphezulu ku-opharetha, futhi imidwebo kanye nezidingo zokumboza kufanele kugaywe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, futhi amagama ezingxenye ze-PCBA angabonakala, futhi izimpawu ezidonsa amehlo kufanele zinamathiselwe ezingxenyeni ezingavunyelwe gcotshwe. Umsebenzisi akavunyelwe ukuthinta i-plug-in ephrintiwe ngesandla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukugwema ukungcoliswa;
PCBA inhlangano |SMT patch processing | ibhodi lesifunda ukushisela processing |OEM electronic assembly | ukucubungula isichibi sebhodi lesifunda - I-Gaotuo Electronic Technology
b. Gcoba ngesandla
Indlela yokuhlanganisa idiphu ngesandla
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa idiphu inikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokuhlanganisa, evumela ukunamathela okufanayo, okuqhubekayo ukuthi kusetshenziswe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-PCBA. Inqubo yokumboza idiphu ayizifanele izingxenye ze-PCBA ezinama-capacitor alungisekayo, ama-trimmer cores, ama-potentiometer, ama-cores amise inkomishi namanye amadivaysi avalwe kabi.
Imingcele ebalulekile yenqubo yokuhlanganisa idiphu:
Lungisa i-viscosity efanele; Lawula isivinini i-PCBA ephakanyiswa ngaso ukuvimbela amabhamuza ukuthi akheke. Ngokuvamile akukho ngaphezu kwemitha elingu-1 ukwanda kwejubane ngomzuzwana;
c. Ukufafaza
Ukufafaza kuyindlela yenqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi eyamukelwa kalula, ehlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo:
① Ukufafaza ngesandla
Uhlelo lokufafaza ngesandla
Kufanelekile isimo sokuthi i-workpiece iyinkimbinkimbi futhi inzima ukuthembela kumishini ezenzakalelayo yokukhiqiza ngobuningi, futhi ifaneleka esimweni sokuthi umugqa womkhiqizo unezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kodwa inani lincane, futhi lingafuthwa ukuze isikhundla esikhethekile.
Ukufafaza ngokuzenzela kufanele kuqashelwe: inkungu kapende izongcolisa amanye amadivaysi, njengama-PCB plug-in, amasokhethi e-IC, abanye abathintwayo abazwelayo nezinye izingxenye eziphansi, lezi zingxenye zidinga ukunaka ukwethembeka kokuvikela ukuvikela. Elinye iphuzu ukuthi u-opharetha akufanele athinte ipulaki ephrintiwe ngesandla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwendawo yokuxhumana yepulaki.
② Ukufafaza okuzenzakalelayo
Ngokuvamile kubhekisela ekufutheni okuzenzakalelayo ngemishini yokuhlanganisa ekhethiwe. Ifanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ukungaguquguquki okuhle, ukunemba okuphezulu, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okuncane. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, imishini yokufafaza ngokuzenzakalelayo ithatha indawo yezinye izindlela zokumboza.