Ukuthambekela kwe-automotive electronics kwenza amabhodi esekethe adlale indima ebalulekile ezimotweni. I-wiring yamabhodi wesifunda ayihlobene kuphela nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi, kodwa futhi nokuphepha nokuthembeka kwezimoto. Imithetho nezindinganiso ezilungile zokufaka izintambo kuyisisekelo sokuklama kwesifunda sezimoto esisebenza kahle nesizinzile. Namuhla ngingathanda ukwabelana nawe ngemithetho eyisisekelo kanye nezindinganiso zezintambo zebhodi lesifunda sezimoto

一、Imithetho eyisisekelo yezintambo zebhodi lesifunda sezimoto:

Isakhiwo se-modular: ukwakheka ngokuya ngamamojula asebenzayo wesekethe, kanye nezingxenye zesekethe ezihlobene kufanele zibekwe ngendlela emaphakathi ukuze kufinyezwe imigqa yokuxhuma futhi kunciphise ukuphazamiseka.

Izintambo zamandla nezaphansi kuqala: Ikhebula kufanele icabangele ukwakheka kwezintambo zamandla nephansi. Kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele ukuthwala amandla amanje alindelekile futhi zinciphise ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi.

Gwema izihibe: Zama ukugwema ukwenza amaluphu esignali amakhulu ngesikhathi somklamo ukuze unciphise imisebe kazibuthe futhi uthuthukise ubuqotho besignali.

Ukulandela okuhlukile: Kumasignali ahlukene, gcina ukulandelelwa okubili eduze ukuze unciphise ukungalingani komehluko kanye nokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.

Gwema ama-engeli abukhali nama-engeli angakwesokudla: Gwema ama-engeli angu-90° nama-engeli abukhali lapho ufaka izintambo. I-engeli ehamba phambili yomzila ngu-45° ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kanye nokunqanyulwa kwe-impedance ekudluliselweni kwesignali.

Ukuvikela isignali engukhiye: Kolayini besignali yokhiye, izintambo zaphansi kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuvikela, futhi inombolo ye-vias kufanele incishiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncishiswa kwesignali.

Ubuqotho besignali: Cabangela ubuqotho besignali lapho ufaka izintambo, gwema imigqa yesignali emide kakhulu enesivinini esiphezulu, futhi ubeke amaphuzu okuhlola uma kudingeka.

Ukucatshangelwa kwedizayini eshisayo: Ezingxenyeni ezinamandla aphezulu noma ukukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, izindlela zokulahla ukushisa kufanele zicatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokufaka izintambo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchithwa okusebenzayo kokushisa.

二、 Izindinganiso ezilandelwayo zezintambo zebhodi lesifunda sezimoto:

Amazinga e-IPC: Landela idizayini yebhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe namazinga okukhiqiza akhishwe yi-International Federation of Electronic Industries (IPC).

I-IATF16949: Izinga lesistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi yamazwe ngamazwe embonini yezimoto, iqinisekisa umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi ochungechungeni lokunikezela.

Izindinganiso ze-UL: izindinganiso zokuphepha ezibandakanya izinto zebhodi lesifunda kanye nomklamo, ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezibushela ilangabi.

Amazinga e-EMC/EMI: Amazinga okuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kanye namazinga okuphazanyiswa nguzibuthe kagesi aqinisekisa ukuthi amasistimu kagesi wezimoto ngeke aphazamise umhlaba wangaphandle futhi awathintwa ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.

Izinga lokushisa nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo: Imiklamo yebhodi lesekethe yezimoto kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza kumazinga okushisa adlulele kanye nezindawo ezinokhahlo.

Ukuthembeka nokuqina: Idizayini yezintambo kufanele iqinisekise ukwethembeka nokuqina kwebhodi lesifunda kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yemoto.

Ukufakwa kwezintambo kwamabhodi esekethe yezimoto kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi obucayi odinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezinto ezifana nokusebenza kukagesi, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal, ubuqotho besignali, nokuphepha. Ukulandela imithetho nezindinganiso zokufaka izintambo ezingenhla kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamabhodi esekethe ezimoto asebenza kahle kakhulu, athembeke kakhulu ahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zemboni yezimoto zemikhiqizo kagesi.

Kuzinhlelo zikagesi zezimoto, ukukhethwa kwezinto zebhodi lesifunda kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokwethembeka kwe-PCB. Ukukhethwa kwezinto okulungile akuthinti kuphela izakhiwo ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali ebhodi lesifunda, kodwa futhi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuzinza nokuphepha kwesistimu ye-elekthronikhi yezimoto.

Ake sifunde mayelana nezinto ezibalulekile ekukhetheni impahla yebhodi lesekethe yezimoto, umthelela wokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kumasistimu kagesi wezimoto, kanye namazinga ajwayelekile okukhetha impahla yesekethe yezimoto.

三、Izici ezibalulekile ekukhetheni impahla yebhodi lesifunda sezimoto:

Ukusebenza okushisayo: Ukumelana nokushisa kanye ne-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa kwezinto ezithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza nokuphila kwebhodi lesifunda ezindaweni zokushisa eziphezulu.

Izakhiwo zikagesi: kufaka phakathi i-dielectric constant, ukumelana nokushisa, njll. Le mingcele ithinta ikhwalithi yokudlulisela isignali yebhodi lesifunda.

Izici zemishini: njengamandla aqinile, amandla okuguquguquka, njll., inquma ukuzinza komzimba nokuqina kwebhodi lesifunda.

Ukufaneleka kwendawo ezungezile: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nomswakama, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kanye nokudlidliza endaweni imoto esebenza kuyo.

Ukubambezeleka komlilo: Izinto zebhodi lesifunda sezimoto kufanele zibe nezinga elithile lokuncipha komlilo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuphepha.

Izindleko zomnotho: Izindleko zezinto nazo ziyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa amamodeli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncintisana kwemakethe yomkhiqizo.

四, Umthelela wokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kumasistimu kagesi wezimoto:

Ukuthembeka: Izinto zebhodi lesifunda ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingathuthukisa ukuthembeka nokuzinza kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zezimoto.

Ukuphepha: Izakhiwo ezinhle ezivimbela amalangabi zisiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bomlilo futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha kwabagibeli.

Ukuqina: Izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuqina kwebhodi lesifunda ezindaweni ezinokhahlo.

Ukuzinza kokusebenza: Izinto ezinezici ezinhle kakhulu zikagesi ziqinisekisa ukuzinza kokudluliswa kwesignali kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwebhodi lesifunda.

Ukulawulwa kwezindleko: Izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo zisiza ukulawula izindleko zokukhiqiza izimoto futhi zithuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe.

五、 Amazinga okukhetha izinto ezijwayelekile zesekethe yezimoto:

Ukuthobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe: Landela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-IPC (I-Interconnection and Packaging of Electronic Circuits) kanye ne-ISO (International Organization for Standardization).

Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa: Khetha izinto ezikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu legumbi lenjini yemoto. Ngokuvamile, kudingeka ukuthi zimelane nezinga lokushisa okungenani elingu-105°C kuya ku-150°C.

Ibanga le-flame retardant: Ngokuvamile liyadingeka ukuze uthole ukusebenza kwe-UL94V-0 noma ngaphezulu kwe-flame retardant.

Ukumelana nemvelo: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezifana nomswakama, isifutho sikasawoti, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali, njll. ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto.

Amandla Emishini: Khetha izinto eziqinile eziqine ngokwanele kanye namandla aguquguqukayo ukuze umelane nokucindezeleka komshini.

Iphoyinti le-Tg (izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi): Khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinephuzu le-Tg eliphezulu ukuze uqinisekise izici ezinhle zokusebenza nokuzinza kohlangothi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zebhodi lesifunda sezimoto kuyisinqumo esibanzi esidinga ukucatshangelwa kwezinto eziningi kanye nezinkomba zokusebenza. Ngokulandela izindinganiso ezingenhla nokucabangela izici ezibalulekile, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwamabhodi wesifunda, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwezinhlelo ze-elektroniki zezimoto. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola umenzi webhodi lesifunda efanaFastlinepcbenezinsiza eziningi nezithembekile zezinto ezingavuthiwe zekhwalithi ephezulu.