Ibhodi lesifunda lingabizwa ngokuthi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe noma ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, futhi igama lesiNgisi lithi PCB. Ukwakheka kwamanzi angcolile e-PCB kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunzima ukuwelapha. Indlela yokususa ngempumelelo izinto eziyingozi nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuwumsebenzi omkhulu obhekene nemboni yezwe lami ye-PCB.
Amanzi angcolile e-PCB amanzi angcolile e-PCB, okuwuhlobo lwamanzi angcolile emanzini angcolile avela embonini yokunyathelisa kanye nezimboni zamabhodi wesifunda. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke ngonyaka kwemfucumfucu yamakhemikhali anobuthi neyingozi ifinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-300 kuya kwezingu-400. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo eziqhubekayo (POPs) ziyingozi kakhulu ku-ecology futhi zisakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angcolile e-PCB ahlukaniswe: Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile, amanzi angcolile kayinki, amanzi angcolile ayinkimbinkimbi, uketshezi lwe-asidi egxilile, uketshezi lwe-alkali olugxilile, njll. Ukukhiqizwa kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (PCB) kudla amanzi amaningi, futhi ukungcola kwamanzi kuyizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. kanye nezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwezici zamanzi angcolile abakhiqizi abahlukene be-PCB, ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo nokuqoqwa kanye nokwelashwa kwekhwalithi kuwukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwamanzi angcolile kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile embonini yebhodi le-PCB, kunezindlela zamakhemikhali (imvula yamakhemikhali, ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion, i-electrolysis, njll.), izindlela zomzimba (izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokukhipha amanzi, izindlela zokuhlunga, i-electrodialysis, i-osmosis ehlanekezelwe, njll.). Izindlela zamakhemikhali yilezi Izinto ezingcolisayo ziguqulwa zibe isimo esihlukaniseka kalula (okuqinile noma okunegesi). Indlela engokoqobo iwukucebisa ukungcola emanzini angcolile noma ukuhlukanisa isimo esihlukaniseka kalula namanzi angcolile ukuze kwenziwe amanzi angcolile ahlangabezane nezinga lokukhishwa. Izindlela ezilandelayo zamukelwa ekhaya naphesheya.
1. Indlela yokukhipha
Indlela yokukhishwa kwe-decantation empeleni iyindlela yokuhlunga, okungenye yezindlela ezibonakalayo embonini yebhodi le-PCB indlela yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Amanzi okugezwa aqukethe izinsalela zethusi ezikhishelwe emshinini wokuqothula angahlungwa ukuze kukhishwe izinsalela zethusi ngemva kokwelashwa nge-decanter. Amanzi angcolile ahlungwe yi-decanter angasetshenziswa kabusha njengamanzi okuhlanza omshini we-burr.
2. Umthetho Wamakhemikhali
Izindlela zamakhemikhali zifaka izindlela zokunciphisa i-oxidation nezindlela zokuna ngamakhemikhali. Indlela yokunciphisa i-oxidation isebenzisa ama-oxidants noma izisebenzeli ezinciphisayo ukuguqula izinto eziyingozi zibe izinto ezingenabungozi noma izinto okulula ukuzitholela kanye nezimvula. Amanzi angcolile ane-cyanide namanzi angcolile aqukethe i-chromium ebhodini lesifunda ngokuvamile asebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa i-oxidation, bona incazelo elandelayo ukuze uthole imininingwane.
Indlela yekhemikhali yemvula isebenzisa ikhemikhali eyodwa noma eziningana ukuze iguqule izinto eziyingozi zibe izinsalela ezihlukene kalula noma izimvula. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-ejenti amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ebhodini lesifunda ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile, njenge-NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2S, CaS, Na2CO3, PFS, PAC, PAM, FeSO4, FeCl3, ISX, njll. I-ejenti yemvula ingakwazi guqula ama-ion ensimbi esindayo abe I-sediment ibe isidluliswa ethangini le-sedimentation plate ethambekele, isihlungi sesihlabathi, isihlungi se-PE, umshini wokuhlunga, njll. ukuhlukanisa okuqinile noketshezi.
3. Indlela yokushintshanisa i-Chemical precipitation-ion exchange
Ukwelashwa kwemvula ngamakhemikhali kwamanzi angcolile ebhodi lesifunda eligxilile kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezinga lokukhishwa esinyathelweni esisodwa, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nokushintshisana kwe-ion. Okokuqala, sebenzisa indlela yamakhemikhali yemvula ukuze uphathe amanzi angcolile ebhodi lesifunda eligxilile kakhulu ukuze unciphise okuqukethwe kwe-ion yensimbi esindayo ibe cishe ku-5mg/L, bese usebenzisa indlela yokushintshanisa i-ion ukuze unciphise ama-ion ensimbi esindayo ukuze akhiphe izindinganiso.
4. indlela yokushintshanisa i-electrolysis-ion
Phakathi kwezindlela zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile embonini yebhodi le-PCB, indlela ye-electrolysis yokuphatha amanzi angcolile ebhodi lesifunda eligxilile kakhulu inganciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-ion yensimbi esindayo, futhi injongo yayo iyafana nendlela yokudonsa kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi kwendlela ye-electrolysis yilezi: iphumelela kuphela ekwelapheni i-ion yensimbi enesisindo esiphezulu, ukugxila kuyancipha, okwamanje kuyancipha kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kahle kuyancipha kakhulu; ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, futhi kunzima ukukhuthaza; indlela ye-electrolysis ingacubungula insimbi eyodwa kuphela. Indlela yokushintshanisa i-Electrolysis-ion iwucwecwe lwethusi, i-etching waste liquid, kwamanye amanzi angcolile, kodwa futhi sebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
5. indlela yamakhemikhali-imembrane yokuhlunga indlela
Amanzi angcolile amabhizinisi embonini yebhodi le-PCB afakwa ngaphambi ngamakhemikhali ukuze ashise izinhlayiya ezihluzwayo (ububanzi> 0.1μ) asuka ezintweni eziyingozi, abese ehlungwa ngomshini wokuhlunga ulwelwesi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokukhipha umoya.
6. indlela yokuhlunga igesi ye-condensation-electric filtration
Phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile embonini yebhodi le-PCB, indlela yokuhlunga igesi ye-condensation-electric iyindlela entsha yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali athuthukiswa yi-United States ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Kuyindlela ebonakalayo yokwelapha amanzi angcolile ebhodi lesifunda. Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Ingxenye yokuqala i-generator yegesi ionized. Umoya udonswa kujeneretha, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kungashintshwa yi-ionizing magnetic field ukuze kube ama-ion oksijini kazibuthe asebenza kakhulu nama-ion e-nitrogen. Le gesi iphathwa ngejethi. Ukwethulwa emanzini angcolile, ama-ion ensimbi, izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi emanzini angcolile zifakwe i-oxidized futhi zihlanganisiwe, okulula ukuzihlunga nokususa; ingxenye yesibili isihlungi se-electrolyte, esihlunga futhi sisuse izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezikhiqizwa engxenyeni yokuqala; ingxenye yesithathu iyidivayisi ye-ultraviolet Irradiation esheshayo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet emanzini ingakwazi ukukhipha izinto eziphilayo kanye nama-chemical complexing agents, ukunciphisa i-CODcr ne-BOD5. Njengamanje, sekusungulwe isethi ephelele yemishini edidiyelwe ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuqondile.