Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ye-PCB, inqubo yokwelapha engaphezulu iyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu. Ayithinti kuphela ukubonakala kwe-PCB, kodwa futhi ihlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza, ukwethembeka nokuqina kwe-PCB. Inqubo yokwelapha engaphezulu inganikeza ungqimba oluvikelayo ukuze kuvinjwe ukugqwala kwethusi, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-soldering, futhi kunikeze izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela ugesi. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya izinqubo ezimbalwa ezivamile zokwelashwa kwendawo ekukhiqizweni kwe-PCB.
一.HASL (Hot Air Smoothing)
I-Hot air planarization (HASL) ubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-PCB bokwelashwa obusebenza ngokucwilisa i-PCB kuthayela/ingxube yomthofu encibilikisiwe bese kusetshenziswa umoya oshisayo ukuze “uhlele” indawo engaphezulu ukuze kwakheke ukunamathela okusansimbi okufanayo. Inqubo ye-HASL inezindleko eziphansi futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwe-PCB ehlukahlukene, kodwa ingase ibe nezinkinga ngamaphedi angalingani kanye nogqinsi lwensimbi olungahambisani.
二.ENIG (igolide le-nickel lamakhemikhali)
I-Electroless nickel gold (ENIG) iyinqubo efaka ungqimba lwe-nickel negolide ebusweni be-PCB. Okokuqala, indawo yethusi iyahlanzwa futhi isebenze, khona-ke ungqimba oluncane lwe-nickel lufakwa ngokusabela kokushintshwa kwamakhemikhali, futhi ekugcineni ungqimba lwegolide lubekwe phezu kongqimba lwe-nickel. Inqubo ye-ENIG inikeza ukumelana okuhle kokuxhumana nokumelana nokugqoka futhi ifanele izicelo ezinezidingo zokuthembeka okuphezulu, kodwa izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu.
三, igolide lamakhemikhali
I-Chemical Gold ifaka ungqimba oluncane lwegolide ngqo endaweni ye-PCB. Le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingadingi i-soldering, njengefrikhwensi yomsakazo (RF) kanye namasekhethi e-microwave, ngoba igolide lihlinzeka nge-conductivity enhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Igolide lamakhemikhali libiza ngaphansi kwe-ENIG, kodwa alikwazi ukumelana ne-ENIG.
四、OSP (ifilimu yokuvikela ephilayo)
Ifilimu yokuvikela ephilayo (i-OSP) iyinqubo eyenza ifilimu elincane lezinto eziphilayo endaweni yethusi ukuvimbela ithusi ukuthi lingabi ne-oxidizing. I-OSP inenqubo elula nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa ukuvikela ekunikezayo kubuthakathaka futhi kulungele ukugcinwa kwesikhashana nokusetshenziswa kwama-PCB.
五、Igolide eliqinile
I-Hard Gold iyinqubo ebeka ungqimba lwegolide olujiyile endaweni ye-PCB ngokusebenzisa i-electroplating. Igolide eliqinile alikwazi ukuguga kunegolide lamakhemikhali futhi lifanele izixhumi ezidinga ukuxhunywa njalo nokunqanyulwa noma ama-PCB asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Igolide eliqinile libiza ngaphezu kwegolide lamakhemikhali kodwa linikeza isivikelo esingcono sesikhathi eside.
六、Isiliva Sokucwiliswa
I-Immersion Silver iyinqubo yokufaka isendlalelo esisiliva ebusweni be-PCB. Isiliva sinokusebenza okuhle nokubukeka kahle, okuyenza ifaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibonakalayo ne-infrared. Izindleko zenqubo yesiliva yokucwiliswa zilinganiselwe, kodwa ungqimba lwesiliva luvuthwa kalula futhi ludinga izinyathelo zokuvikela ezengeziwe.
七、I-Immersion Tin
I-Immersion Tin iyinqubo yokufaka ungqimba lukathayela ebusweni be-PCB. Isendlalelo sethini sinikeza izakhiwo ezinhle zokunamathisela kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuthile. Inqubo kathayela wokucwiliswa ishibhile, kodwa ungqimba lukathayela lufakwa i-oxidized kalula futhi ngokuvamile ludinga ungqimba olwengeziwe oluvikelayo.
八、I-HASL Yamahhala Engahola
I-HASL Engenamthofu iyinqubo ye-HASL ethobela i-RoHS esebenzisa ithini/isiliva/ingxube yethusi engenamthofu ukuze ithathele indawo ye-tin/lead alloy evamile. Inqubo ye-HASL engenamthofu inikeza ukusebenza okufanayo ku-HASL evamile kodwa ihlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo.
Kunezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha ezingaphezulu ekukhiqizeni kwe-PCB, futhi inqubo ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukukhetha inqubo yokwelashwa kwendawo efanele kudinga ukucabangela indawo yesicelo, izidingo zokusebenza, isabelomali sezindleko kanye namazinga okuvikela imvelo e-PCB. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, izinqubo ezintsha zokwelashwa kwendawo ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, zinikeza abakhiqizi be-PCB ukukhetha okwengeziwe ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe ezishintshayo.