Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs ngamafuphi), ahlinzeka ngokuxhumanisa ugesi ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi, abizwa nangokuthi “umama wemikhiqizo yesistimu kagesi.” Ngokombono wochungechunge lwezimboni, ama-PCB asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokuxhumana, amakhompiyutha kanye nama-peripherals, ama-electronics abathengi, ama-automotive electronics, imboni yezokuvikela kazwelonke kanye nezempi kanye nezinye izinkambu zemishini kagesi. Ngokuthuthuka nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwesizukulwane esisha njenge-cloud computing, i-5G, ne-AI, ithrafikhi yedatha yomhlaba wonke izoqhubeka nokubonisa ukuthambekela kokukhula okuphezulu. Ngaphansi kokukhula okushisayo kwevolumu yedatha kanye nokuthambekela kokudluliswa kwamafu wedatha, imboni ye-PCB yeseva inamathuba abanzi kakhulu okuthuthuka.

Ukubuka konke kosayizi womkhakha
Ngokwezibalo ze-IDC, ukuthunyelwa kweseva yomhlaba wonke nokuthengiswa kukhule kancane kancane kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2019. Ngo-2018, ukuchuma kwemboni bekuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuthunyelwa nokuthunyelwa kufinyelele kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-11.79 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-88.816, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-15.82 % No-32.77%, okubonisa kokubili ukukhuphuka kwevolumu namanani. Izinga lokukhula ngo-2019 belihamba kancane, kodwa belisephezulu ngokomlando. Kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2019, imboni yeseva yaseChina yathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi izinga lokukhula ladlula elomhlaba wonke. Ngo-2019, ukuthunyelwa kwehle ngokuqhathaniswa, kodwa inani lokuthengisa lenyuka unyaka nonyaka, isakhiwo sangaphakathi somkhiqizo sashintsha, inani lentengo leyunithi lenyuka, futhi ingxenye yokuthengiswa kweseva ephezulu ibonise umkhuba okhulayo.

2. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinkampani ezinkulu zamaseva Ngokolwazi lwakamuva lwenhlolovo olukhishwe yi-IDC, izinkampani ezizimele eziklamayo emakethe yeseva yomhlaba zisazoba nesabelo esikhulu ku-Q2 2020. Izindali ezinhlanu eziphezulu yi-HPE/Xinhuasan, Dell, Inspur, IBM, kanye ne-Lenovo, nesabelo semakethe Bangu-14.9%, 13.9%, 10.5%, 6.1%, 6.0%. Ukwengeza, abathengisi be-ODM babalelwa ku-28.8% wesabelo semakethe, ukwanda kwe-63.4% unyaka nonyaka, futhi baye baba yisinqumo esiyinhloko sokucutshungulwa kweseva ezinkampanini ezincane neziphakathi ze-cloud computing.

Ngo-2020, imakethe yomhlaba wonke izothintwa ubhubhane olusha lomqhele, futhi ukwehla komnotho emhlabeni jikelele kuzoba sobala kakhulu. Izinkampani ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amamodeli ehhovisi le-inthanethi/amafu futhi zisagcina isidingo esikhulu samaseva. I-Q1 ne-Q2 zigcine izinga eliphezulu lokukhula kunezinye izimboni, kodwa Namanje liphansi kunedatha yenkathi efanayo yeminyaka edlule. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-DRAMeXchange, isidingo seseva yomhlaba wonke kwikota yesibili siqhutshwa isidingo sesikhungo sedatha. Izinkampani zamafu zaseNyakatho Melika zazisebenza kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, isidingo sama-oda acindezelwe ngaphansi kwesiyaluyalu ebudlelwaneni baseSino-US ngonyaka odlule sabonisa ukuthambekela okucacile kokugcwalisa i-inventory engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, okubangele ukwanda kwamaseva engxenyeni yokuqala Ijubane linamandla.

Abathengisi abahlanu abahamba phambili ekuthengisweni kwemakethe yeseva yaseChina ku-Q1 2020 yi-Inspur, H3C, Huawei, Dell, kanye neLenovo, enamasheya emakethe angama-37.6%, 15.5%, 14.9%, 10.1% kanye no-7.2%, ngokulandelana. Izimpahla ezithunyelwe ezimakethe Ngokuyisisekelo zahlala zizinzile, futhi ukuthengisa kwagcina ukukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umnotho wasekhaya usimama ngokushesha, futhi uhlelo olusha lwengqalasizinda luye lwethulwa kancane kancane engxenyeni yesibili, futhi kunesidingo esikhulu sengqalasizinda efana namaseva; ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo samakhasimende amakhulu kakhulu senyuke kakhulu. Isibonelo, u-Alibaba uzuze ebhizinisini elisha lokudayisa i-Hema Season 618 Umkhosi wokuthenga, uhlelo lwe-ByteDance, i-Douyin, njll., zikhula ngokushesha, futhi isidingo seseva yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi silondoloze ukukhula okusheshayo eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

II
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-server PCB
Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo seseva kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo kuzoqhuba yonke imboni yamaseva emjikelezweni okhuphukayo. Njengento ebalulekile yokuphatha imisebenzi yeseva, i-PCB inethemba elibanzi lokukhulisa kokubili ivolumu kanye nentengo ngaphansi kokushayela okukabili komjikelezo weseva ukuya phezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo, izingxenye eziyinhloko ezihilelekile ebhodini le-PCB kuseva zihlanganisa i-CPU, inkumbulo, i-hard disk, i-hard disk backplane, njll. Amabhodi e-PCB asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izingqimba ezingu-8-16, izendlalelo ezingu-6, ama-substrates ephakheji, 18. izingqimba noma ngaphezulu, izingqimba ezi-4, namabhodi athambile. Ngokushintshwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sonke sedijithali seseva esikhathini esizayo, amabhodi e-PCB azobonisa inkambiso eyinhloko yezinombolo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. -18-ungqimba amabhodi, 12-14-ungqimba amabhodi, futhi 12-18-ungqimba amabhodi kuyoba izinto ezivamile for server PCB amabhodi esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokombono wesakhiwo semboni, abahlinzeki abakhulu bemboni ye-PCB yeseva bangabakhiqizi baseTaiwan nabasezwekazini. Abathathu abahamba phambili yiTaiwan Golden Electronics, iTaiwan Tripod Technology neChina Guanghe Technology. I-Guanghe Technology iyiseva yokuqala ye-PCB e-China. umphakeli. Abakhiqizi baseTaiwan bagxila kakhulu echungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ngamaseva e-ODM, kuyilapho izinkampani zasezwenikazini zigxila echungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kweseva yomkhiqizo. Abathengisi be-ODM ikakhulukazi babhekisela kubathengisi beseva yohlobo olumhlophe. Izinkampani zekhompiyutha yamafu zibeka phambili izidingo zokucushwa kweseva kubathengisi be-ODM, futhi abathengisi be-ODM bathenga amabhodi e-PCB kubathengisi babo be-PCB ukuze baqedele ukwakheka nokuhlanganisa izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha. Abathengisi be-ODM benza ama-28.8% okuthengiswa kwemakethe yeseva yomhlaba wonke, futhi sebeyindlela evamile yokuhlinzekwa kwamaseva amancane naphakathi. Iseva yezwekazi ihlinzekwa kakhulu ngabakhiqizi bomkhiqizo (Inspur, Huawei, Xinhua III, njll.). Iqhutshwa i-5G, ingqalasizinda entsha, ne-cloud computing, isidingo sokushintshwa kwasekhaya sinamandla kakhulu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imali engenayo kanye nokukhula kwenzuzo yabakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwaba phezulu kakhulu kunabakhiqizi baseTaiwan, futhi imizamo yabo yokubamba inamandla kakhulu. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, amaseva omkhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi aqhubeke nokwandisa isabelo sawo semakethe. Imodeli ye-server yomkhiqizo wasekhaya abakhiqizi be-Mainland kulindeleke ukuthi baqhubeke nokugcina umfutho wokukhula okuphezulu. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi izindleko ze-R&D zizonke zezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ziyakhula unyaka nonyaka, zidlula kude ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabakhiqizi baseTaiwan. Esimweni soshintsho olusheshayo lwezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke, abakhiqizi bezwekazi banethemba elikhulu lokunqamula imigoqo yobuchwepheshe futhi bathathe isabelo semakethe ngaphansi kobuchwepheshe obusha.

Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi lwesizukulwane esisha njenge-cloud computing, i-5G, ne-AI, ithrafikhi yedatha yomhlaba wonke izoqhubeka nokubonisa ukukhula okuphezulu, futhi imishini yeseva yomhlaba wonke kanye nezinsizakalo zizoqhubeka nokugcina isidingo esikhulu. Njengento ebalulekile yamaseva, i-PCB kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokugcina ukukhula okusheshayo esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi imboni ye-PCB yeseva yasekhaya, enamathuba abanzi kakhulu entuthuko ngaphansi kwesizinda soguquko lwesakhiwo somnotho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokushintshwa kwendawo.