Enqubweni ye-miniaturization kanye nenhlanganisela yezinto zesimanje zikagesi, i-PCB (ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe) idlala indima ebalulekile. Njengebhuloho phakathi kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, i-PCB iqinisekisa ukudluliswa okusebenzayo kwamasiginali kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza enembile futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, amaphutha ahlukahlukene ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, okuthinta ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa nawe ngezinhlobo zokukhubazeka ezivamile zamabhodi wesifunda we-PCB kanye nezizathu ezingemuva kwawo, sinikeze umhlahlandlela onemininingwane “wokuhlola impilo” wokuklama nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kagesi.
1. Isifunda esifushane kanye nesekhethi evulekile
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu:
Amaphutha Wokuklama: Ukunganaki ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama, njengesikhala esiqinile somzila noma izinkinga zokuqondanisa phakathi kwezendlalelo, kungaholela kuzikhindi noma ekuvulekeni.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza: Ukubhala okungaphelele, ukuchezuka kokubhola noma ukumelana ne-solder okusele kuphedi kungase kubangele ukujikeleza okufushane noma ukujikeleza okuvulekile.
2. Ukukhubazeka kwemaski ye-solder
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu:
Ukugqoka okungalingani: Uma ukuphikiswa kwe-solder kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani ngesikhathi senqubo yokumboza, i-foil yethusi ingase ivezwe, ikhulise ingozi yezifunda ezimfushane.
Ukuphulukiswa okungalungile: Ukulawulwa okungalungile kokushisa kokubhaka noma isikhathi kubangela ukuthi i-solder imelane ihluleke ukuphulukisa ngokugcwele, okuthinta ukuvikela nokuqina kwayo.
3. Ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika okungalungile
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu:
Ukunemba kokuphrinta: Okokusebenza kokuphrinta kwesikrini kunokunemba okunganele noma ukusebenza okungalungile, okuholela ekufiphaleni, okulahlekile noma kwezinhlamvu ze-offset.
Izinkinga zekhwalithi kayinki: Ukusetshenziswa koyinki osezingeni eliphansi noma ukungasebenzisani kahle kukayinki nepuleti kuthinta ukucaca nokunamathela kwelogo.
4. Ukukhubazeka kwemigodi
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu:
Ukuchezuka kokubhoboza: ukuguga kwebhithi yokubhoboza noma ukuma okungalungile kubangela ukuthi ububanzi bembobo bube bukhulu noma buchezuke endaweni eklanyelwe.
Ukususwa kweglue okungaphelele: I-resin esele ngemuva kokumba ayisuswanga ngokuphelele, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yokushisela elandelayo nokusebenza kukagesi.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-interlayer kanye nokukhipha amagwebu
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu:
Ingcindezi yokushisa: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphinda lifakwe emanzini lingase libangele ukungafani kwama-coefficients wokunweba phakathi kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, okubangela ukuhlukana phakathi kwezingqimba.
Ukungena komswakamo: Ama-PCB angaphekiwe amunca umswakama ngaphambi kokuhlangana, enze amabhamuza esitimu ngesikhathi sokusoda, abangele amabhamuza angaphakathi.
6. Ukucweba kahle
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu:
Ukucwebezela okungalingani: Ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kokuminyana kwamanje noma ukwakheka okungazinzile kwesixazululo se-plating kubangela ukushuba okungalingani kongqimba lwe-copper plating, okuthinta ukuqhutshwa kanye nokuqina.
Ukungcoliswa: Ukungcola okuningi kakhulu kusixazululo sokucwenga kuthinta ikhwalithi yokumboza futhi kukhiqize ngisho nezimbobo noma izindawo ezimaholoholo.
Isu lesixazululo:
Ekuphenduleni la maphutha angenhla, izinyathelo ezithathiwe zihlanganisa kodwa azikhawulelwe kulokhu:
Idizayini Ethuthukisiwe: Sebenzisa isofthiwe ye-CAD ethuthukisiwe yokuklama okunembayo futhi ubuyekeze ngokuqinile i-DFM (i-Design for Manufacturability).
Thuthukisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo: Qinisa ukuqapha phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, njengokusebenzisa okokusebenza okunemba okuphezulu nokulawula ngokuqinile imingcele yenqubo.
Ukukhetha nokuphathwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Khetha izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu futhi uqinisekise izimo ezinhle zokugcina ukuze uvimbele izinto ekutholeni ukuswakama noma ukuwohloka.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Sebenzisa uhlelo olubanzi lokulawula ikhwalithi, okuhlanganisa i-AOI (ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo), ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, njll., ukuze kutholwe futhi kulungiswe amaphutha ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ngokuqonda okujulile kokukhubazeka okuvamile kwebhodi lesifunda le-PCB kanye nezimbangela zabo, abakhiqizi bangathatha izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokuvimbela lezi zinkinga, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise isivuno somkhiqizo futhi baqinisekise izinga eliphezulu nokuthembeka kwemishini kagesi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, kunezinselelo eziningi emkhakheni wokukhiqiza i-PCB, kodwa ngokuphathwa kwesayensi nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, lezi zinkinga ziyanqotshwa ngayinye ngayinye.