Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi nakho kwenze imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi iqhubeke nokuya ekusetshenzisweni okuncane, ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nemisebenzi eminingi. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yemishini ye-elekthronikhi, ukusebenza nokuklama kwamabhodi esekethe kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwawo wonke umkhiqizo. Amabhodi esekethe endabuko ngokusebenzisa imbobo kancane kancane abhekana nezinselele ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemishini yesimanje ye-elekthronikhi, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi se-HDI eyimpumputhe futhi yangcwatshwa ngamabhodi wesekethe kwavela njengoba izikhathi zidinga, okuletha izixazululo ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwesekethe ye-elekthronikhi. Ngomklamo wayo oyingqayizivele wemigodi eyizimpumputhe nemigodi egqitshiwe, ihluke kakhulu kumabhodi endabuko emigodini. Ibonisa izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezicini eziningi futhi inomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezogesi.
一、Ukuqhathanisa phakathi komklamo wesakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi ze-HDI eyimpumputhe futhi ingcwatshwe ngamabhodi wesekethe namabhodi embobo
（一）Izici zesakhiwo sebhodi eliphuma emgodini
Amabhodi esekethe endabuko embobo yembobo anezimbobo ezibhoboziwe kulo lonke ugqinsi lwebhodi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana kukagesi phakathi kwezingqimba ezihlukene. Lo mklamo ulula futhi uqondile, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula sebuvuthiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwezimbobo ezidlulayo kuthatha indawo enkulu futhi kukhawulela ukuminyana kwezintambo. Uma izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanganiswa lidingeka, ubukhulu kanye nenani lezimbobo zizophazamisa ngokuphawulekayo i-wiring, futhi ekudluliseni isignali ye-high-frequency, izimbobo zingase zethule ukubonakaliswa kwesignali eyengeziwe, i-crosstalk nezinye izinkinga, ezithinta ubuqotho besignali.
（二) I-HDI ayiboni futhi yangcwatshwa ngebhodi lesifunda lesakhiwo sezendlalelo eziningi
I-HDI iyimpumputhe futhi ingcwatshwe ngamabhodi wesekethe isebenzisa idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi. Izimbobo eziyizimpumputhe ziyizimbobo ezixhuma kusuka endaweni engaphandle ziye kungqimba oluthile lwangaphakathi, futhi azigijimi kulo lonke ibhodi lesifunda. Ama-vias angcwatshwe yizimbobo ezixhuma izingqimba zangaphakathi futhi azinwebeki phezulu kwebhodi lesifunda. Lo mklamo wesakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi ungafinyelela izindlela zokufaka izintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlela ngokunengqondo izikhundla zama-vias angaboni futhi angcwatshwe. Ebhodini elinezingqimba eziningi, izendlalelo ezihlukene zingaxhunywa ngendlela eqondiwe ngokusebenzisa izimbobo eziyimpumputhe nezingcwatshwe, ukuze amasignali akwazi ukudluliselwa kahle endleleni elindelwe umklami. Isibonelo, i-HDI eyimpumputhe enezingqimba ezine futhi ingcwatshwe ngebhodi lesifunda, izingqimba zokuqala nezesibili zingaxhunywa nge-vias eyimpumputhe, izendlalelo zesibili nezesithathu zingaxhunywa nge-vias engcwatshwe, nokunye, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka izintambo.
二、 Izinzuzo ze-HDI ingaboni futhi ingcwatshwe ngebhodi lesifunda lesakhiwo sezendlalelo eziningi
(一、) Ukuminyana kwezintambo Okuphakeme Njengoba ama-vias angaboni futhi angcwatshwe kungadingeki ukuba athathe indawo enkulu njengezimbobo, i-HDI ingaboni futhi igqitshwe ngamabhodi wesekethe ingafinyelela izintambo ezengeziwe endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ku-miniaturization eqhubekayo kanye yinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yesimanje ye-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, kumadivayisi amancane eselula njengama-smartphone namaphilisi, inani elikhulu lezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi namasekhethi adinga ukuhlanganiswa endaweni elinganiselwe. Inzuzo ephezulu yokuminyana kwezintambo ze-HDI eyimpumputhe futhi ingcwatshwe ngamabhodi wesekethe ingabonakala ngokugcwele, okusiza ukufeza umklamo ohlangene wesekethe.
(二、) Ubuqotho besignali engcono Ngokuphathelene nokudluliswa kwesignali yemvamisa ephezulu, i-HDI ingaboni futhi ingcwatshwe ngamabhodi wesekethe yenza kahle. Idizayini ye-vias eyimpumputhe nengcwatshiwe inciphisa ukubonakaliswa kanye ne-crosstalk ngesikhathi sokudlulisa isignali. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhodi embobo, amasignali angashintsha ngokushelela phakathi kwezendlalelo ezihlukene ze-HDI angaboni futhi agqitshwe ngamabhodi esekethe, agweme ukubambezeleka kwesignali nokuhlanekezela okubangelwa umphumela wekholomu ende yensimbi yezimbobo ezidlulayo. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okunembile nokusheshayo futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu yonke yezimo zohlelo lokusebenza njengamamojula okuxhumana we-5G namaphrosesa anesivinini esikhulu anezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zekhwalithi yesignali.
(三、) Thuthukisa ukusebenza kukagesi Isakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi ze-HDI eyimpumputhe futhi singcwatshwe ngamabhodi wesekethe singalawula kangcono ukungasebenzi kwesekethe. Ngokuklama ngokunembile imingcele ye-vias eyimpumputhe nengcwatshwe kanye nogqinsi lwe-dielectric phakathi kwezendlalelo, ukuvinjelwa kwesekethe ethile kungathuthukiswa. Kwamanye amasekhethi anezidingo eziqinile zokumadanisa i-impedance, njengamasekhethi efrikhwensi yomsakazo, lokhu kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuboniswa kwesignali, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwamandla, futhi kunciphise ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kukagesi kuyo yonke isekethe.
四、 Ukuvumelana nezimo komklamo okuthuthukisiwe Abaklami bangakwazi ukuklama ngokuguquguqukayo indawo nenombolo yama-vias angaboni futhi angcwatshwe ngokusekelwe ezimfuneko zokusebenza zesekethe ethile. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo akubonakali nje kuzintambo, kodwa kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla, ukwakheka kwendiza yaphansi, njll. Isibonelo, ungqimba lwamandla kanye nongqimba lomhlabathi kungaxhunywa ngokunengqondo ngokusebenzisa ama-via angaboni futhi angcwatshwe ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo wokunikezwa kwamandla, thuthukisa ukuqina kokunikezwa kwamandla, futhi ushiye isikhala esengeziwe sezintambo zezinye imigqa yamasignali ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemiklamo ehlukahlukene.
Idizayini yesakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi ye-HDI eyimpumputhe futhi engcwatshwe ngebhodi lesifunda inomqondo wokuklama ohluke ngokuphelele ebhodini lembobo, ebonisa izinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuxhumekeni kwezintambo, ubuqotho besignali, ukusebenza kukagesi nokuguquguquka komklamo, njll., futhi iyinhlangano yesimanje Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezogesi kunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile futhi kukhuthaze imikhiqizo kagesi ukuthi ibe mincane, isheshe, futhi izinze.