I-Copper coating iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-PCB design.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isofthiwe ye-PCB yokuklama yasekhaya noma i-Protel yangaphandle, i-PowerPCB inikeza umsebenzi wokumboza ngethusi ohlakaniphile, ngakho-ke singasisebenzisa kanjani ithusi?
Okubizwa ngokuthi ukuthululwa kwethusi ukusebenzisa indawo engasetshenzisiwe ku-PCB njengendawo eyireferensi bese uyigcwalisa ngethusi eliqinile.Lezi zindawo zethusi zibizwa nangokuthi ukugcwaliswa kwethusi.Ukubaluleka kwe-copper coating ukunciphisa i-impedance yocingo oluphansi nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka;ukunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokunikezwa kwamandla;ukuxhuma ngocingo lwaphansi nakho kunganciphisa indawo eyiluphu.
Ukuze kwenziwe i-PCB ingahlanekezelwe ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokudayiswa, abakhiqizi abaningi be-PCB futhi badinga abaklami be-PCB ukuthi bagcwalise izindawo ezivulekile ze-PCB ngezintambo zomhlabathi zethusi noma ezinjengegridi.Uma ukugqoka kwethusi kusingathwa ngendlela engafanele, inzuzo ngeke ifanele ukulahlekelwa.Ingabe ukugqoka kwethusi "kunezinzuzo eziningi kunezimo ezimbi" noma "kulimaza ngaphezu kwezinzuzo"?
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-capacitance esabalalisiwe ye-wiring yebhodi lesifunda ephrintiwe izosebenza kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.Uma ubude bukhulu kuno-1/20 we-wavelength ehambisanayo yefrikhwensi yomsindo, umphumela we-antenna uzokwenzeka, futhi umsindo uzokhishwa ngezintambo.Uma kukhona ukuthululelwa kwethusi eliphansi kahle ku-PCB, ukuthululela kwethusi kuba ithuluzi lokusakaza umsindo.Ngakho-ke, kumjikelezo we-high-frequency, ungacabangi ukuthi ucingo oluphansi luxhunywe phansi.Lona "intambo yaphansi" futhi kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-λ/20.Faka izimbobo ku-wiring "emhlabathini omuhle" ngendiza ephansi yebhodi le-multilayer.Uma ukugqoka kwethusi kusingathwa kahle, ukugqoka kwethusi akugcini nje ukwandisa okwamanje, kodwa futhi kunendima emibili yokuphazanyiswa kokuvikela.
Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokumboza ithusi, okuyi-copper yendawo enkulu kanye ne-grid yethusi.Kuvame ukubuzwa ukuthi ukugqoka kwethusi kwendawo enkulu kungcono kunegridi yethusi.Akulungile ukuhlanganisa yonke into.ngani?Indawo enkulu yokumboza yethusi inemisebenzi emibili yokwandisa amandla amanje kanye nokuvikela.Kodwa-ke, uma i-copper yendawo enkulu isetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa amagagasi, ibhodi lingase liphakamise ngisho namabhamuza.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuhlanganiswe indawo enkulu yethusi, ama-grooves amaningana ngokuvamile avulwa ukuze kukhululeke ukuqubuka kwe-foil yethusi.Igridi ye-copper-clad ehlanzekile isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvikela, futhi umphumela wokwandisa okwamanje uyancipha.Ngokombono wokukhipha ukushisa, igridi inhle (inciphisa indawo yokushisa yethusi) futhi idlala indima ethile ekuvikeleni i-electromagnetic.Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi igridi yakhiwe ngemikhondo ezindaweni ezinyakazayo.Siyazi ukuthi kumjikelezo, ububanzi bomkhondo bunobude obuhambisanayo "kagesi" wemvamisa yokusebenza yebhodi lesifunda (usayizi wangempela uhlukaniswe Imvamisa yedijithali ehambisana nemvamisa yokusebenza iyatholakala, bheka izincwadi ezihlobene ukuze uthole imininingwane. ).Uma imvamisa yokusebenza ingephezulu kakhulu, imiphumela emibi yemigqa yegridi ingase ingabonakali.Uma ubude bukagesi bufana nemvamisa yokusebenza, kuzoba kubi kakhulu.Kwatholakala ukuthi isekethe yayingasebenzi kahle nhlobo, futhi izimpawu ezaziphazamisa ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo zazisakazwa yonke indawo.Ngakho kozakwethu abasebenzisa amagridi, isiphakamiso sami siwukuba ukhethe ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza zebhodi lesifunda eliklanyelwe, ungabambeleli entweni eyodwa.Ngakho-ke, ama-circuits e-high-frequency anezidingo eziphezulu zamagridi anezinjongo eziningi zokulwa nokuphazamiseka, kanye nama-circuits aphansi, ama-circuits anemisinga emikhulu, njll.avame ukusetshenziswa futhi aphelele ithusi.
Sidinga ukunaka lezi zindaba ezilandelayo ukuze sizuze umphumela oyifunayo wokuthululela ithusi ekuthululeni kwethusi:
1. Uma i-PCB inezizathu eziningi, njenge-SGND, AGND, GND, njll., ngokwesikhundla sebhodi le-PCB, "umhlabathi" oyinhloko kufanele usetshenziswe njengereferensi yokuthela ithusi ngokuzimela.Umhlabathi wedijithali kanye nomhlabathi we-analog kuhlukaniswa nokuthululwa kwethusi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphambi kokuthululelwa kwethusi, qala ngokuqinisa uxhumano lwamandla oluhambisanayo: 5.0V, 3.3V, njll.
2. Ngokuxhunywa kwephuzu elilodwa ngezizathu ezihlukene, indlela iwukuxhuma ngo-0 ohm resistors, ubuhlalu kazibuthe noma inductance;
3. I-Copper-egqoke eduze kwe-crystal oscillator.I-crystal oscillator kumjikelezo iwumthombo wokuphuma kwemvamisa ephezulu.Indlela iwukuzungeza i-crystal oscillator nge-copper-clad, bese ugaya igobolondo le-crystal oscillator ngokuhlukana.
4. Inkinga yesiqhingi (indawo efile), uma ucabanga ukuthi sikhulu kakhulu, angeke kubize imali eningi ukuchaza indawo bese uyengeza.
5. Ekuqaleni kwe-wiring, ucingo lomhlabathi kufanele luphathwe ngendlela efanayo.Lapho ufaka izintambo, ucingo oluphansi kufanele luhanjiswe kahle.Iphinikhodi eliphansi alinakungezwa ngokungeza nge-vias.Lo mphumela mubi kakhulu.
6. Kungcono ukungabi namakhona abukhali ebhodini (<=180 degrees), ngoba ngokombono we-electromagnetics, lokhu kwakha i-antenna yokudlulisa!Kuyohlala kunomthelela kwezinye izindawo, noma ngabe kukhulu noma kuncane.Ngincoma ukusebenzisa unqenqema lwe-arc.
7. Ungathululi ithusi endaweni evulekile yongqimba oluphakathi lwebhodi le-multilayer.Ngoba kunzima kuwe ukwenza leli thusi "umhlabathi omuhle"
8. Insimbi engaphakathi kwemishini, njengama-radiators ensimbi, imichilo yokuqinisa insimbi, njll., kumele ibe "isisekelo esihle".
9. Ibhulokhi yensimbi yokuchitha ukushisa yesilawuli se-threminal kumele ibe nesisekelo esihle.Umugqa wokuhlukanisa umhlabathi eduze kwe-crystal oscillator kufanele ube nesisekelo esihle.Ngamafuphi: uma inkinga yokumisa ithusi ku-PCB kubhekwana nayo, nakanjani "izinzuzo zidlula ukonakala".Inganciphisa indawo ebuyayo yomugqa wesiginali futhi inciphise ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yesiginali ngaphandle.