Sekuyisikhathi sokuhlolwa kwebhodi le-PCB ukunaka eminye imininingwane ukuze uzilungiselele kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Lapho sihlola amabhodi e-PCB, kufanele sinake la macebiso ayi-9 alandelayo.

1. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa imishini yokuhlola esekelwe phansi ukuze uthinte i-TV ebukhoma, umsindo, ividiyo nezinye izisetshenziswa zepuleti elingezansi ukuze uhlole ibhodi le-PCB ngaphandle kwesiguquli sokuhlukanisa.
Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlola ngokuqondile i-TV, umsindo, ividiyo nezinye izinto zokusebenza ngaphandle kwesiguquli sokuhlukanisa amandla esinamathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza ezinamagobolondo aphansi. Nakuba irekhoda yekhasethi yomsakazo evamile inesiguquli samandla, lapho uhlangana ne-TV ekhethekile noma imishini yokulalelwayo, ikakhulukazi amandla aphumayo noma uhlobo lwamandla asetshenziswayo, kufanele uqale uthole ukuthi i-chassis yomshini ishajiwe yini. , ngaphandle kwalokho kulula kakhulu I-TV, i-audio kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezikhokhiswa ngepuleti eliphansi lidala isifunda esifushane sokunikezwa kwamandla, okuthinta isifunda esihlanganisiwe, okubangela ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwephutha.

2. Naka ukusebenza kwe-insulation ye-soldering iron lapho uhlola ibhodi le-PCB
Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-solder iron for soldering ngamandla. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-soldering iron ayikhokhiswa. Kungcono ukugaya igobolondo le-soldering iron. Qaphela kakhulu ngesekhethi ye-MOS. Kuphephe kakhudlwana ukusebenzisa insimbi yesekethe ye-voltage ephansi engu-6~8V.

3. Yazi isimiso sokusebenza samasekethe ahlanganisiwe namasekhethi ahlobene ngaphambi kokuhlola amabhodi e-PCB
Ngaphambi kokuhlola nokulungisa isekethe ehlanganisiwe, kufanele uqale wazi umsebenzi wesekethe ehlanganisiwe esetshenzisiwe, isifunda sangaphakathi, imingcele eyinhloko kagesi, indima yephini ngalinye, kanye ne-voltage evamile yephini, i-waveform kanye nokusebenza. isimiso sesekhethi esakhiwe izingxenye ze-peripheral. Uma izimo ezingenhla zihlangene, ukuhlaziya nokuhlola kuzoba lula kakhulu.

4. Ungabangeli amasekhethi amafushane phakathi kwamaphini lapho uhlola i-PCB
Lapho ukala i-voltage noma uhlola i-waveform nge-oscilloscope probe, ungabangeli isekethe emfushane phakathi kwamaphini wesekethe ehlanganisiwe ngenxa yokuslayida kwemikhondo yokuhlola noma ama-probe. Kungcono ukulinganisa kumjikelezo ophrintiwe we-peripheral oxhunywe ngqo nezikhonkwane. Noma iyiphi isekethe yesikhashana ingalimaza kalula isekethe edidiyelwe. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho uhlola amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe e-CMOS anephakheji eliyisicaba.

5. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwethuluzi lokuhlola ibhodi le-PCB kufanele kube kukhulu
Lapho kulinganiswa i-voltage ye-DC yezikhonkwane ze-IC, i-multimeter enokumelana kwangaphakathi kwekhanda lemitha elikhulu kuno-20KΩ/V kufanele isetshenziswe, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nephutha elikhulu lokulinganisa le-voltage yamanye amaphini.

6. Naka ukuchithwa kokushisa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe wamandla lapho uhlola amabhodi e-PCB
Isifunda esihlanganisiwe samandla kufanele sihlakaze ukushisa kahle, futhi akuvunyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamandla aphezulu ngaphandle kokushisa kokushisa.

7. Intambo yokuhola yebhodi le-PCB kufanele ibe nengqondo
Uma udinga ukungeza izingxenye zangaphandle ukuze ungene esikhundleni sengxenye eyonakele yesekethe ehlanganisiwe, izingxenye ezincane kufanele zikhethwe, futhi izintambo kufanele zibe nengqondo ukuze ugweme ukuhlangana kwe-parasitic okungadingekile, ikakhulukazi ukumiswa phakathi kwesekethe ehlanganisiwe yomsindo we-amplifier kanye nokuphela kwesekhethi yangaphambili. .

8. Hlola ibhodi le-PCB ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokushisela
Lapho i-soldering, i-solder iqinile, futhi ukuqoqwa kwe-solder nama-pores kungabangela kalula i-solder yamanga. Isikhathi se-soldering ngokuvamile asidluli imizuzwana engu-3, ​​futhi amandla ensimbi e-solder kufanele abe ngu-25W ngokufudumeza kwangaphakathi. Isifunda esihlanganisiwe esidayisiwe kufanele sihlolwe ngokucophelela. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ohmmeter ukukala ukuthi kukhona isifunda esifushane phakathi kwezikhonkwane, uqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukunamathela kwe-solder, bese uvula amandla.

9. Ungatholi kalula umonakalo wesekethe ehlanganisiwe lapho uhlola ibhodi le-PCB
Ungahluleli ukuthi isifunda esihlanganisiwe sonakaliswa kalula. Ngenxa yokuthi amasekhethi amaningi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe ngokuqondile, uma isekethe ingajwayelekile, ingase ibangele izinguquko eziningi zamandla kagesi, futhi lezi zinguquko azibangelwa ngempela ukulimala kwesekethe ehlanganisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, i-voltage elinganiselwe yephini ngalinye ihlukile kokujwayelekile Uma amanani ehambisana noma eseduze, kungase kungasho njalo ukuthi isifunda esihlanganisiwe muhle. Ngoba amanye amaphutha athambile ngeke abangele izinguquko ku-voltage ye-DC.

Indlela yokulungisa iphutha lebhodi le-PCB
Ebhodini elisha le-PCB elisanda kubuyiselwa emuva, kufanele siqale sibheke ukuthi zikhona yini izinkinga ebhodini, njengokuthi kukhona yini ukuqhekeka okusobala, amasekhethi amafushane, amasekethe avulekile, njll. Uma kunesidingo, hlola ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukumelana phakathi amandla kanye nomhlabathi mkhulu ngokwanele.

Ebhodini lesifunda elisanda kwakhiwa, ukulungisa iphutha kuvame ukubhekana nobunzima obuthile, ikakhulukazi uma ibhodi likhulu futhi kunezingxenye eziningi, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuqala. Kodwa uma wazi isethi yezindlela zokulungisa iphutha, ukulungisa iphutha kuzothola umphumela ophindwe kabili ngomzamo oyingxenye.

Izinyathelo zokulungisa iphutha lebhodi le-PCB
1. Ebhodini elisha le-PCB elisanda kubuyiselwa, kufanele siqale sibheke ukuthi azikho yini izinkinga ebhodini, njengokuthi kukhona yini ukuqhekeka okusobala, amasekhethi amafushane, amasekhethi avuliwe, njll. Uma kunesidingo, hlola ukuthi ukumelana phakathi kukagesi nomhlabathi kukhulu ngokwanele.

2. Bese kufakwa izingxenye. Amamojula azimele, uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi asebenza kahle, kungcono ukuthi ungawafaki wonke, kodwa ukufaka ingxenye ngengxenye (ama-circuits amancane, ungawafaka ngesikhathi esisodwa), ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka. thola ububanzi bephutha. Gwema ukuba nenkinga ukuqalisa lapho uhlangabezana nezinkinga.

Ngokuvamile, ungafaka ugesi kuqala, bese uvula ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-voltage ephumayo yomthombo wamandla ijwayelekile yini. Uma ungenakho ukuzethemba okukhulu lapho unika amandla (ngisho noma uqinisekile, kuyanconywa ukuthi wengeze i-fuse, uma kwenzeka), cabanga ukusebenzisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okulawulwayo okulawulwayo okunomsebenzi wamanje wokukhawulela.

Misa kusengaphambili ukuvikela okudlulele phambili kuqala, bese ukhuphula kancane kancane inani le-voltage yokuphakelwa kwamandla okulawulwayo, bese uqapha amandla okokufaka, i-voltage yokufaka, ne-voltage ephumayo. Uma kungekho ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent nezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuphezulu, futhi i-voltage yokuphuma isifinyelele evamile, ukunikezwa kwamandla KULUNGILE. Uma kungenjalo, nqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla, thola indawo enephutha, bese uphinda izinyathelo ezingenhla kuze kube yilapho ukunikezwa kwamandla sekujwayelekile.

3. Okulandelayo, faka amanye amamojula kancane kancane. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kufakwa imojuli, yivule futhi uyihlole. Uma ukhanyisa, landela lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla ukuze ugweme ukwanda kwamanje okubangelwa amaphutha edizayini kanye/noma amaphutha okufaka kanye nokushiswa kwezingxenye.

Indlela yokuthola ibhodi le-PCB elinephutha
1. Thola ibhodi le-PCB elinephutha ngokulinganisa indlela kagesi
Into yokuqala okufanele uqinisekise ukuthi i-voltage yephinikhodi yokuphakela amandla ye-chip ngayinye ijwayelekile, bese uhlola ukuthi ama-voltage ahlukene ayizethenjwa ajwayelekile yini, nokuthi i-voltage yokusebenza yephoyinti ngalinye ijwayelekile. Isibonelo, lapho i-silicon transistor evamile ivuliwe, i-BE junction voltage icishe ibe ngu-0.7V, kuyilapho i-CE junction voltage icishe ibe ngu-0.3V noma ngaphansi. Uma i-BE junction voltage ye-transistor inkulu kuno-0.7V (ngaphandle kwama-transistors akhethekile, afana ne-Darlington, njll.), ukuhlangana kwe-BE kungase kuvuleke.

2. Indlela yomjovo wesiginali yokuthola ibhodi le-PCB elinephutha
Engeza umthombo wesignali kutheminali yokokufaka, bese ukala i-waveform yephoyinti ngalinye ngokulandelana ukuze ubone ukuthi kuvamile yini ukuthola iphuzu lephutha. Kwesinye isikhathi sizosebenzisa izindlela ezilula, ezifana nokubamba ama-tweezers ngezandla zethu, ukuze sithinte amatheminali okokufaka awo wonke amazinga ukuze sibone ukuthi ingabe itheminali yokukhiphayo iyasabela yini, evame ukusetshenziswa kumsindo, ividiyo kanye namanye amasekhethi e-amplifier (kodwa qaphela, shisa phansi Le ndlela ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa amasekhethi ane-voltage ephezulu noma ama-high-voltage circuits, ngaphandle kwalokho angabangela ukushaqeka kukagesi). Uma kungekho mpendulo ezingeni langaphambilini, kodwa kunempendulo ezingeni elilandelayo, kusho ukuthi inkinga ileleveli yangaphambilini futhi kufanele ihlolwe.

3. Ezinye izindlela zokuthola amabhodi e-PCB anephutha
Ziningi ezinye izindlela zokuthola amaphuzu anephutha, njengokubuka, ukulalela, ukuhogela, ukuthinta, njll.
"Ukubona" ​​ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo osobala wemishini engxenyeni, njengokuqhekeka, ukushisa, ukuguqulwa, njll;
“Ukulalela” kuwukulalela ukuthi umsindo osebenzayo ujwayelekile yini, isibonelo, into okungafanele ikhale, indawo okufanele ikhale ngayo ayikhali noma umsindo ungavamile, njll.;
“Ukuhogela” ukuhlola ukuthi alikho yini iphunga elingajwayelekile, njengephunga lokusha, iphunga le-capacitor electrolyte, njll. Kubasebenzi abanolwazi lokulungisa izinto zikagesi, bayazwela kakhulu kulawa phunga;
"Ukuthinta" ukuhlola ukuthi izinga lokushisa ledivayisi lijwayelekile, isibonelo, lishisa kakhulu noma libanda kakhulu.

Ezinye izisetshenziswa zikagesi zizofudumeza uma zisebenza. Uma kubanda uma uthinta, kungahlulelwa ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi awasebenzi. Kodwa uma indawo okungafanele ishise ishisa noma indawo okufanele ishise kakhulu, lokho ngeke kusebenze. Ama-transistors wamandla ajwayelekile, ama-voltage regulator chips, njll., ukusebenza ngaphansi kwama-70 degrees kulungile ngokuphelele. Uyini umqondo wama-degree angama-70? Uma ucindezela isandla sakho phezulu, ungasibamba imizuzwana engaphezu kwemithathu, kusho ukuthi izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-70 degrees (qaphela ukuthi kufanele usithinte kancane kuqala, futhi ungazishisi izandla zakho).