Amabhodi wesifunda noma ama-PCBS aklanywe kahle angasoze ahlangabezana nekhwalithi edingekayo yokukhiqizwa kwezentengiso. Ikhono lokwahlulela ikhwalithi ye-PCB Design ibaluleke kakhulu. Isipiliyoni nolwazi lwe-PCB design kudingeka ukuthi kuqhube isibuyekezo esiphelele sokuklama. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningana zokwahlulela ngokushesha ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB.

Umdwebo we-Schematic kungenzeka wanele ukukhombisa izingxenye zomsebenzi onikezwe nokuthi zixhunyiwe kanjani. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane enikezwe yi-schematics maqondana nokubekwa kwangempela nokuxhumeka kwezingxenye zokusebenza okunikezwe kukhawulelwe kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe i-PCB yakhelwe ngokucophelela ukusebenzisa kahle konke ukuxhumana kwengxenye yomdwebo ophelele wokusebenza komgomo, kungenzeka ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina ungasebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile. Ukuhlola ngokushesha ikhwalithi ye-PCB Design, sicela ucabangele okulandelayo:

1. I-PCB Landela

Iminonjana ebonakalayo ye-PCB imbozwe ngokumelana kwe-soler, okusiza ukuvikela umkhondo wethusi kusuka kumasewuli amafushane kanye ne-oxidation. Imibala ehlukene ingasetshenziswa, kepha umbala osetshenziswa kakhulu uluhlaza. Qaphela ukuthi kunzima ukubona umkhondo ngenxa yombala omhlophe wemaski we-solder. Ezimweni eziningi, singabona kuphela izingqimba eziphezulu nezingaphansi. Lapho i-PCB inezingqimba ezingaphezu kwezimbili, izingqimba zangaphakathi azibonakali. Kodwa-ke, kulula ukwahlulela ikhwalithi yedizayini ngokubheka izingqimba zangaphandle.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubuyekezwa kwe-Design, hlola iminonjana ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi azikho izimbobo ezibukhali nokuthi zonke zinwebeka emgqeni oqondile. Gwema ukugoba okubukhali, ngoba imvamisa ethe xaxa noma umkhondo wamandla aphezulu kungadala inkathazo. Zigweme ngokuphelele ngoba ziyisibonakaliso sokugcina sekhwalithi yokuklama kabi.

2.

Ukuze uhlungele noma yimuphi umsindo wemvamisa ophakeme ongathinta kabi i-chip, i-capacitor ekhohlisa itholakala eduze kakhulu ne-PIN yokuhlinzeka ngamandla. Ngokuvamile, uma i-chip iqukethe ngaphezu kwe-PIP-to-drain (vdd) PIN, i-PIN ngayinye idinga i-capacitor yokukhohlisa, kwesinye isikhathi nangaphezulu.

I-capacitor yokubabaza kufanele ibekwe eduze kwe-PIN ezohliswa. Uma ingabekwa eduze kwe-PIN, umphumela we-capacitor yokukhohlisa uzoncishiswa kakhulu. Uma i-capacitor ekhohlisa ingabekwa eduze kwezikhonkwane eziku-microchips, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-PCB akulungile.

3. Ubude be-PCB Landela kulinganiselwe

Ukuze wenze amasiginali amaningi anobudlelwano obunembile besikhathi, ubude be-PCB Landela kufanele bufaniswe kulo mklamo. Ukuqhathanisa ubude baqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izibonakaliso zifinyelela lapho ziya khona ngokubambezeleka okufanayo futhi kusiza ukugcina ubudlelwano phakathi kwemiphetho yesiginali. Kuyadingeka ukufinyelela umdwebo we-schematic ukwazi ukuthi ngabe kukhona isethi yemigqa yesiginali kudinga ubudlelwano besikhathi obunolwazi. Lokhu kulandelwa kungalandelelwa ukuze uhlole ukuthi ngabe kufakwa yini ukulingana kokulandela umkhondo (ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Delay Lines). Ezimweni eziningi, le migqa yokubaleka ibukeka njengemigqa egobile.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe kubangelwa yi-vias endleleni yesiginali. Uma i-vias ingagwenywa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaqembu alandelwayo anenombolo elilinganayo le-vias ngobudlelwano obunembile besikhathi. Ngenye indlela, ukubambezeleka okubangelwa yi-via kunganxeshezelwa ngokusebenzisa umugqa wokulibala.

4. Ukubekwa Kwezakhi

Yize ama-inductors anamandla okukhiqiza amasignendi, onjiniyela kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi ababekwa eduze komunye nomunye lapho besebenzisa i-inductor esifundeni. Uma ama-inductors abekwe eduze komunye nomunye, ikakhulukazi ukuphela-kuze kube sekupheleni, kuzodala ukuhlangana okulimazayo phakathi kwe-inductors. Ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe akhiqizwe yi-inductor, i-Electric yamanje iyengwa entweni enkulu yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zibekwe kude ne-Metal Object, ngaphandle kwalokho inani lokuqalisa lingashintsha. Ngokubeka ama-inductors perpendicular komunye nomunye, noma ngabe i-inductors ibekwe eduze ndawonye, ​​ukuhlangana okungadingekile mutual kungancishiswa.

Uma i-PCB inabaphikisi bamandla noma ezinye izinto ezikhiqiza ukushisa, udinga ukubheka umphumela wokushisa kwezinye izinto. Isibonelo, uma ama-capacitors wokurengwa kwezimali wokushisa noma ama-thermostats asetshenziswa esifundeni, akufanele abekwe eduze kwabaphikisi bamandla noma noma yiziphi izakhi ezikhiqiza ukushisa.

Kufanele kube nendawo ezinikezele kwi-PCB yoMlawuli Wokushintsha KwaseBhodi kanye nezakhi zayo ezihlobene. Le ngxenye kufanele isethwe ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka engxenyeni ebhekene namasiginali amancane. Uma ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla kwe-AC kuxhumeke ngokuqondile kwi-PCB, kufanele kube nengxenye ehlukile ohlangothini lwe-PCB. Uma izakhi zingahlukaniswa ngokwezincomo ezingenhla, ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB kuzoba yinkinga.

5. Landelela ububanzi

Onjiniyela kufanele banakekele ngokwengeziwe ukuthola kahle usayizi we-trace ethwele imisinga emikhulu. Uma iminonjana ithwele amasiginali aguqukayo ngokushesha noma amasiginali edijithali ahambisana nokuhambisana nokuphola ukuthwala amasiginali amancane we-analogi, izinkinga zokushayela umsindo zingavela. I-Trace exhunywe kwi-inductor inamandla okusebenza njenge-antenna futhi ingadala ukukhishwa okuvama okulimazayo komsakazo. Ukugwema lokhu, la maki akufanele abe banzi.

I-6. Indiza emhlabathini nenhlabathi

Uma i-PCB inezingxenye ezimbili, idijithali ne-analog, futhi kufanele ixhunywe endaweni eyodwa kuphela evamile (imvamisa i-terminal engemihle yamandla), indiza yomhlaba kufanele ihlukaniswe. Lokhu kungasiza ekugwemeni umthelela omubi wengxenye yedijithali engxenyeni ye-analog ebangelwa yi-Ground Spike yamanje. Umhlabathi ubuyela umkhondo wesifunda esingezansi (uma i-PCB inezingqimba ezimbili kuphela) idinga ukuhlukaniswa, bese kufanele ixhunywe kwi-terminal engemihle yamandla. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuba okungenani ube nezingqimba ezine zama-PC ayinkimbinkimbi anemibala, futhi izingqimba ezimbili zangaphakathi ziyadingeka ngenxa yamandla nangezendlalelo zomhlabathi.

Ekuphetheni

Onjiniyela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi olwanele ochwepheshe ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB ukwahlulela ikhwalithi yomklamo womsebenzi owodwa noma owodwa. Kodwa-ke, onjiniyela ngaphandle kolwazi lobuchwepheshe bangabuka izindlela ezingenhla. Ngaphambi kokuguqukela ku-prototyping, ikakhulukazi lapho uklama umkhiqizo wokuqalisa, kuhlale kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlala ubhekene nochwepheshe uhlole ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB.