01
Ulibona njani inani lemaleko e-pcb
Kuba iileya ezahlukeneyo kwiPCB zidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo, akukho lula ukubona elona nani, kodwa ukuba uqwalasela ngononophelo impazamo yebhodi, usenako ukuyohlula.
Ngokucokisekileyo, siya kufumanisa ukuba kukho iileya enye okanye ezininzi zezinto ezimhlophe phakathi kwePCB.Enyanisweni, lo ngumaleko wokugquma phakathi kweeleya zokuqinisekisa ukuba akuyi kubakho iingxaki zesekethe ezimfutshane phakathi kweemaleko zePCB ezahlukeneyo.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba iibhodi PCB zangoku ezininzi umaleko zisebenzisa ngakumbi single okanye kabini-macala iibhodi wiring, kwaye umaleko insulating umaleko ibekwe phakathi umaleko ngamnye kwaye icinezelwe kunye.Inani leeleya zebhodi yePCB imele ukuba mangaphi amaleya akhoyo.Umaleko we-wiring ozimeleyo, kunye ne-insulating layer phakathi kwamaleko uye waba yindlela enembileyo yokuba sigwebe inani leemaleko zePCB.
Indlela yesikhokelo yomngxuma isebenzisa "umngxunya wesikhokelo" kwi-PCB ukuchonga inani lemaleko e-PCB.Lo mgaqo ubangelwa ikakhulu ngeteknoloji esetyenziswa kuqhagamshelwano lwesekethe ye-PCB eninzi.Ukuba sifuna ukubona ukuba zingaphi iileya i-PCB enazo, singakwazi ukwahlula ngokujonga nge- holes.Kwi-PCB esisiseko (ibhodi yomama enecala elinye), iinxalenye zigxininiswe kwelinye icala, kwaye iingcingo zigxininiswe kwelinye icala. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ibhodi enamaleko amaninzi, kufuneka ugqobhoze imingxuma ebhodini ukuze izikhonkwane zecandelo zidlule ebhodini ziye kwelinye icala, ukuze imingxuma yokulinga iya kungena kwibhodi yePCB, ukuze sibone ukuba izikhonkwane zamacandelo zithengiswa kwelinye icala le.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ibhodi isebenzisa ibhodi ye-4-layer, kufuneka uhambise iingcingo kwimigangatho yokuqala neyesine (isignali yesignali).Ezinye iileya zinezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo (umaleko womhlaba kunye nomgangatho wamandla).Beka umgca wesignali kumgangatho wamandla kwaye Injongo yamacala amabini omgangatho womhlaba kukuthintela ukuphazamiseka okufanayo kunye nokuququzelela ukulungiswa komgca wesignali.
Ukuba eminye imingxunya yesikhokelo sekhadi yebhodi ibonakala kwicala langaphambili lebhodi yePCB kodwa ayifumaneki ngasemva, i-EDA365 Electronics Forum ikholelwa ukuba kufuneka ibe yibhodi ye-6/8-layer.Ukuba okufanayo ngemingxuma inokufunyanwa kumacala omabini ePCB, ngokwendalo iya kuba yibhodi ene-4.
Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abavelisi bekhadi lebhodi ngoku basebenzisa enye indlela yomzila, edibanisa kuphela imigca ethile, kwaye isebenzisa ii-vias ezingcwatyelwe kunye neemfama kwindlela.Imingxunya eyimfama kukudibanisa iileya ezininzi zePCB yangaphakathi kumphezulu wePCB ngaphandle kokungena kwibhodi yesekethe yonke.
Wangcwatywa vias kuphela qhagamshela kwi PCB yangaphakathi, ukuze zingabonakali ukusuka kumphezulu.Ekubeni umngxuma oyimfama awufuni ukungena kwi-PCB yonke, ukuba imigangatho emithandathu okanye ngaphezulu, jonga ibhodi ejongene nomthombo wokukhanya, kwaye ukukhanya akuyi kudlula.Ke bekukho intetho edumileyo ngaphambili: ukugweba umaleko omine kunye nesithandathu okanye ngaphezulu kweePCBs ngokuba i-vias ivuza ukukhanya.
Kukho izizathu zale ndlela, kodwa ayisebenzi.Iforamu ye-elektroniki ye-EDA365 ikholelwa ukuba le ndlela ingasetyenziswa kuphela njengendlela yokubhekisela.
03
Indlela yokuqokelela
Ukuchaneka, oku akusiyo indlela, kodwa ngamava.Kodwa le nto sicinga ukuba ichanekile.Sinokugweba inani leemaleko zePCB ngokulandela umkhondo kwezinye iibhodi zePCB zoluntu kunye nesikhundla samacandelo.Kuba kwishishini langoku le-IT ye-hardware etshintsha ngokukhawuleza, akukho baninzi abavelisi abakwazi ukuyila ngokutsha iiPCB.
Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, inani elikhulu lamakhadi e-graphics angama-9550 ayenziwe nge-6-layer PCBs asetyenziswa.Ukuba uqaphele, unokuthelekisa indlela eyahlukileyo ngayo kwi-9600PRO okanye i-9600XT.Shiya nje amanye amalungu, kwaye ugcine ubude obufanayo kwiPCB.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1990 yenkulungwane edluleyo, kwakukho intetho eyayixhaphakile ngelo xesha: Inani leeleya zePCB linokubonwa ngokubeka iPCB ime nkqo, yaye abantu abaninzi babeyikholelwa.Le ngxelo kamva yangqineka iyimbudane.Nokuba inkqubo yokuvelisa ngelo xesha yayingasemva, iliso lalinokukwazi njani ukuyixela kumgama omncinci kunonwele?
Kamva, le ndlela yaqhubeka kwaye yatshintshwa, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yavela enye indlela yokulinganisa.Kule mihla, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukulinganisa inani leeleyile zePCB ngezixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo ezifana ne "vernier calipers", kwaye asivumelani nale nkcazo.
Nokuba kukho olo hlobo lwesixhobo esichanekileyo, kutheni singaboni ukuba i-12-layer PCB iphinda-phindwe ka-3 ubukhulu be-4-layer PCB?I-EDA365 Electronics Forum ikhumbuza wonke umntu ukuba ii-PCB ezahlukeneyo ziya kusebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa.Akukho mgangatho ufanayo wokulinganisa.Indlela yokugweba inani leengqimba ezisekelwe kubukhulu?
Ngapha koko, inani le-PCB maleko linempembelelo enkulu ebhodini.Umzekelo, kutheni ufuna ubuncinane iileya ezi-6 zePCB ukufaka i-CPU ezimbini?Ngenxa yoku, iPCB inokuba neempawu ezi-3 okanye ezi-4, umaleko we-1 womhlaba, kunye ne-1 okanye i-2 yamandla ombane.Emva koko imigca yesignali inokwahlulwa kude ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okufanayo, kwaye kukho unikezelo lwangoku olwaneleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-4-layer PCB design yanele ngokupheleleyo kwiibhodi eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-6-layer PCB ibiza kakhulu kwaye ayinayo uphuculo oluninzi lokusebenza.