Ngamafutshane, i-PCB engenanto ibhekisa kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ngaphandle kwemingxuma okanye izinto ze-elektroniki. Zihlala zibizwa ngokuba zii-PCBs kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiPCBs. Ibhodi ye-PCB engenanto ineendlela ezisisiseko kuphela, iipateni, iingubo zentsimbi kunye ne-PCB substrate.

Yintoni ukusetyenziswa kwebhodi PCB engenanto?
I-PCB engenanto yi-skeleton yebhodi yesekethe yemveli. Ikhokela yangoku kunye neyangoku kwiindlela ezifanelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kwiikhompyuter ezininzi zezixhobo zombane.

Ubulula bePCB engenanto ibonelela iinjineli kunye nabayili inkululeko eyaneleyo yokongeza amacandelo njengoko kufuneka. Le bhodi engenanto ibonelela ngokuguquguquka kwaye yenza imveliso yobuninzi.

Le bhodi PCB ifuna umsebenzi woyilo ngakumbi kunezinye iindlela zocingo, kodwa inokuthi izenzekele emva kokuhlanganisana kunye nokuvelisa. Oku kwenza ukuba iibhodi zePCB zibe lolona khetho lungabizi kakhulu nolusebenzayo.

Ibhodi engenanto iluncedo kuphela emva kokongeza amacandelo. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-PCB engenanto kukuba ibe yibhodi yesekethe epheleleyo. Ukuba ifaniswe namacandelo afanelekileyo, iya kuba nokusetyenziswa okuninzi.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akukuphela kokusetyenziswa kweebhodi zePCB ezingenanto. I-PCB engenanto lelona nqanaba lilungileyo lokwenza uvavanyo lwebhodi engenanto kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwebhodi yesekethe. Kubalulekile ukunqanda iingxaki ezininzi ezinokuthi zenzeke kwixesha elizayo.
Kutheni uvavanyo lwebhodi engenanto?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuvavanya iibhodi ezingenanto. Njengesakhelo sebhodi yesekethe, ukungaphumeleli kwebhodi yePCB emva kofakelo kuya kubangela iingxaki ezininzi.

Nangona ingaqhelekanga, i-PCB engenanto inokuba sele ineziphene phambi kokongeza izinto. Ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo kukurhabula kakhulu, ukurhawuzelelwa ngaphantsi kunye nemingxunya. Nokuba iziphene ezincinci zinokubangela ukusilela kwimveliso.

Ngenxa yokwanda koxinaniso lwecandelo, imfuno yeebhodi zePCB ezininzi iyaqhubeka nokukhula, isenza uvavanyo lwebhodi engenanto ibaluleke ngakumbi. Emva kokudibanisa i-PCB ye-multilayer, xa ukusilela kwenzeke, phantse akunakwenzeka ukuyilungisa.

Ukuba i-PCB engenanto yi-skeleton yebhodi yesekethe, amacandelo ngamalungu kunye nezihlunu. Amacandelo anokubiza kakhulu kwaye ahlala ebaluleke kakhulu, ke ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba nesakhelo esomeleleyo kunokuthintela amacandelo aphezulu ekuchitheni.

Iintlobo zovavanyo lwebhodi engenanto
Njani ukwazi ukuba PCB yonakele?
Oku kufuna ukuvavanywa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: umbane kunye nokuxhathisa.
Uvavanyo lwebhodi olungenanto lukwaqwalasela ukuhlukaniswa kunye nokuqhubeka koqhagamshelwano lombane. Uvavanyo lokuzihlukanisa lulinganisa uxhulumaniso phakathi koqhagamshelwano olubini oluhlukeneyo, ngelixa uvavanyo oluqhubekayo luhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho manqaku avulekileyo anokuphazamisa okwangoku.
Nangona uvavanyo lombane luqhelekileyo, ukuvavanywa kokumelana akuqhelekanga. Ezinye iinkampani ziya kusebenzisa indibaniselwano yezi zimbini, endaweni yokusebenzisa ngokumfamekileyo uvavanyo olunye.
Uvavanyo lokuchasa luthumela okwangoku nge-conductor ukulinganisa ukumelana nokuhamba. Uqhagamshelwano olude okanye oluncinci luya kuvelisa ukuxhathisa okukhulu kunokudibanisa okufutshane okanye okufutshane.
Uvavanyo lwebhetshi
Kwiimveliso ezinomlinganiselo othile weprojekthi, abavelisi bebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ngokubanzi baya kusebenzisa izilungiso ezimiselweyo zovavanyo, ezibizwa ngokuba “ziirakhi zovavanyo.” Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa izikhonkwane ezilayishwe entwasahlobo ukuvavanya yonke indawo yonxibelelwano kwi-PCB.
Uvavanyo olusisigxina lusebenza kakuhle kwaye lungagqitywa kwimizuzwana embalwa. Eyona nto ingalunganga yindleko ephezulu kunye nokungabikho kokuguquguquka. Uyilo lwePCB olwahlukileyo lufuna izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikhonkwane (ezilungele imveliso yobuninzi).
Uvavanyo lomzekelo
Uvavanyo lwe-flying probe lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Iingalo ezimbini zerobhothi ezinentonga zisebenzisa inkqubo yesoftware ukuvavanya uqhagamshelo lwebhodi.
Xa kuthelekiswa novavanyo olusisigxina, kuthatha ixesha elide, kodwa iyafikeleleka kwaye ibhetyebhetye. Ukuvavanya uyilo olwahlukileyo kulula njengokulayisha ifayile entsha.

Izibonelelo zokuvavanywa kwebhodi engenanto
Uvavanyo lwebhodi olungenanto luneenzuzo ezininzi, ngaphandle kokungalungi okukhulu. Eli nyathelo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa linokuphepha iingxaki ezininzi. Imali encinci yotyalo-mali oluyinkunzi kwangoko inokonga ugcino oluninzi kunye neendleko zokutshintsha.

Ukuvavanywa kwebhodi engenanto kunceda ukufumana iingxaki ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ukufumana ingxaki kwangethuba kuthetha ukufumana oyena nobangela wengxaki kunye nokukwazi ukusombulula ingxaki kwiingcambu zayo.

Ukuba ingxaki ifunyenwe kwinkqubo elandelayo, kuya kuba nzima ukufumana ingxaki yengcambu. Emva kokuba ibhodi ye-PCB igutyungelwe ngamacandelo, akunakwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangele ingxaki. Uvavanyo lwakwangoko lunceda ukusombulula ingxaki.

Uvavanyo lukwayenza lula yonke inkqubo. Ukuba iingxaki zifunyenwe kwaye zisonjululwe ngexesha lesigaba sophuhliso lweprototype, izigaba zemveliso ezilandelayo zinokuqhubeka ngaphandle kwesithintelo.

Gcina ixesha leprojekthi ngokuvavanywa kwebhodi engenanto

Emva kokwazi ukuba yintoni ibhodi engenanto, kunye nokuqonda ukubaluleka kovavanyo lwebhodi engenanto. Uya kufumanisa ukuba nangona inkqubo yokuqala yeprojekthi icotha kakhulu ngenxa yovavanyo, ixesha eligcinwe ngovavanyo lwebhodi engenanto yeprojekthi lingaphezulu kakhulu kunexesha elisetyenziswayo. Ukwazi ukuba kukho iimpazamo kwi-PCB kunokwenza ulungiso lweengxaki olulandelayo lube lula.

Inqanaba lokuqala lelona xesha libiza kakhulu lokuvavanya ibhodi engenanto. Ukuba ibhodi yesekethe edibeneyo iyasilela kwaye ufuna ukuyilungisa kwindawo leyo, iindleko zelahleko zinokuba ngamakhulu amaxesha aphezulu.

Emva kokuba i-substrate inenkinga, ithuba lokuqhekeka kwayo liya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba amacandelo abizayo athengiswe kwi-PCB, ilahleko iya kwandiswa ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, kubi kakhulu ukufumana iphoso emva kokuba ibhodi yesiphaluka ihlanganiswe. Iingxaki ezifunyenwe ngeli xesha zikholisa ukukhokelela ekuchithweni kwayo yonke imveliso.

Ngophuculo olusebenzayo kunye nokuchaneka okubonelelwe luvavanyo, kuyafaneleka ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwebhodi engenanto kwiinqanaba zokuqala zokuvelisa. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuba ibhodi yesekethe yokugqibela iyasilela, amawaka amacandelo anokonakala.