Ngenxa yobungakanani obuncinci kunye nobungakanani, phantse akukho migangatho yeBhodi eprintiweyo eprintiweyo yemakethi ekhulayo. Ngaphambi kokuba kwaphuma le migangatho, kwakufuneka sixhomekeke kumava olwazi kunye nemveliso esifundileyo kubume beBhurkshini kwaye bacinge ngendlela oyisebenzisayo kwimiceli mngeni eyahlukileyo. Zintathu iindawo ezifuna ingqalelo yethu ekhethekileyo. Ziyi: Izixhobo zeBhodi yeSekethe, i-RF / Uyilo lweMicrowave kunye neRF Transming.

Izixhobo ze-PCB

"I-PCB" ngokubanzi inemiphetha, enokwenziwa nge-epoxy eqingqiweyo (i-Fr4), i-Port4), i-Polymidide okanye iRogemimide okanye ezinye izinto zamenzela izinto. Izinto zokuthambisa phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zibizwa ngokuba yi-Presrere.

Izixhobo eziguquguqukayo zifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu, xa abayili be-PCB bajamelene nokukhetha ukusebenzisa i-Fr4 (ezona zixhobo zemveliso ye-PCB esebenzayo) okanye izinto ezinqabileyo, oku kuya kuba yingxaki.

Ukuba izicelo ze-PCB ezibonakalayo zifuna isantya esiphezulu, izixhobo eziphezulu-zikhulu, i-Fr4 ayinakuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo. I-Delectric Hletter (DK) ye-Fr4 ngu-4.5, i-dielectric rhoqo ye-roges ye-roges i-4003 ye-Rogest yi-3.55, kwaye i-Delectur Serring Rogers 4350 yi-3.66.

"I-Delector Hletwete yelemithi ibhekisa kumyinge wokukwenza okanye amandla phakathi kwabaqhubi be-vacuum.

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, inani lezixhobo ze-PCB zeZixhobo eziBekekileyo zisusela kwi-4 ukuya kwi-8 yabalini. Umgaqo-siseko wolwakhiwo lonolwazi kukuba ukuba yi-8-Wamber PCB, kufuneka ikwazi ukubonelela ngezinto ezaneleyo kunye neengcelele zamandla kunye nesandwich yomaleko. Ngale ndlela, isigulo esikhulu eCrostalk sinokugcinwa siphazamisekile kwaye siphazamisekile i-electromagnetic (i-EMI) sinokuncitshiswa kakhulu.

Kwinqanaba loyilo lweBhodi yeSiphaluka, isiCwangciso seNdawo siyindawo ngokubanzi yokubeka ungqimba olukhulu lomhlaba kufutshane nolwakhiwo lombane. Oku kunokwenza isiphumo esiphezulu esiphezulu, kwaye ingxolo yenkqubo inokuncitshiswa ibe phantse i-zero. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-radio frequency suku.

Xa kuthelekiswa nempahla ye-roger, i-Fr4 inezinto eziphezulu zokungasebenzi (i-DF), ngakumbi kwindabuko ephezulu. Kwindlela ephezulu yokusebenza i-fr4 lamipheshate, ixabiso le-DF limalunga ne-0.002, eyi-odolo yobukhulu obungcono kunoFr4 eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-rogers ye-rogeer i-0.001 okanye ngaphantsi. Xa i-Fr4 isetyenziselwa izicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza, kuya kubakho umahluko obalulekileyo kwilahleko yokufakelwa. Ukuphulukana nelahleko kuchazwa njengokuphulukana namandla omqondiso ukusuka kwinqaku A ukuya kwinqanaba ukuba lisebenzise i-Br4, i-rogers okanye ezinye izinto.

Yenza iingxaki

I-PCB ebonakalayo ifuna ulawulo olucekeceke. Le yinto ebalulekileyo yezixhobo ezibalaseleyo. Ukuthelekiswa nokudibanisa kunokuvelisa ukuhanjiswa kwesibonakaliso. Kwangoko, ukunyamezelwa kokunganyamezeli komqondiso wokuphelisa umkhondo '± 10%. Esi salathisi sicacile ukuba asilunganga ngokwaneleyo kwi-frequency ephezulu yanamhlanje kunye nesekethe esikhawulezayo. Imfuno yangoku yi-7%, kwaye kwezinye iimeko i-5% okanye ngaphantsi. Le paratho kunye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ziya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukwenziwa kwezi PCB zokuzonwabisa ngolawulo olungqongqo ngokungqongqo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe inani lamashishini anokubangela.

I-Dielectric Hodent ye-Lamite esenziwe ngayo izixhobo zeRogers IHF igcinwa ngokubanzi nge-2%, kwaye ezinye iimveliso zinokufikelela ± 1%. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-Diecturly Ukunyamezelana okukhoyo kwe-Fr4 i-SR4 iphezulu kwi-10%. Ke ngoko, thelekisa ezi zinto zimbini zinokufunyanwa ukuba ilahleko yokufakelwa kwe-rogeers iphantsi kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-FR4 ze-FR4, ilahleko yothungelwano kunye nokufakelwa Ukuphulukana ne-rogers stack iphantsi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iindleko zezona zibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iiroger zinokubonelela ngelahleko ephantsi kakhulu-frequency yentsebenzo esenza umsebenzi wenqaku elifanelekileyo. Kwizicelo zorhwebo, i-roger zingenziwa kwi-Chwbb ye-hybrid ene-epoxy-esekwe kwi-EPOXY-esekwe kwi-rogers, kunye nezinye iindawo ezisebenzisa i-Fr4.

Xa ukhetha i-rogers stack, frequency yinto ephambili. Xa i-frequency idlula i-500mhz, abayili be-PCB bathanda ukukhetha izixhobo zeRF / ze-RF / ikakhulu kwi-RF / ikakhulu kwi-RF / ikakhulu kwisf / ikakhulu, kuba ezo zixhobo zinokubonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu xa umkhondo ophezulu ulawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Fr4 i-Fr4 i-Fr4 i-Fr4, izixhobo ze-ROGERS zinokubonelela ngelahleko esezantsi yediliya, kwaye i-diecturi yayo rhoqo zizinzile kuluhlu oluxhaphakileyo. Ukongeza, izinto ze-rogeers zinokubonelela ngeyona nto iphantsi yokufakelwa kwelahleko ephucukileyo efunwa yintsebenziswano ephezulu.

Ukulandelela ukwanda kwe-shirm (i-CTE) ye-Rogers 4000 yezixhobo ezinozinzo oluhle kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuthelekiswa ne-Fr4, xa i-PCB iphantsi kwe-chaphaza ababandayo, eshushu kwaye ishushu kakhulu i-fishlow engagcinwanga emdeni webhunga eliphezulu kunye nemijikelezo yobushushu obuphezulu.

Kwimeko ye-stang exutywe, kulula ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuqhelekileyo yokuxuba i-rogers kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-Fr4 kunye, ke kulula ukufezekisa isivuno semveliso ephezulu. I-rogers stack ayifuni inkqubo yokulungiselela.

I-SRRERR DR4 ayinakufumana intsebenzo ethembekileyo yombane, kodwa i-SRT ephezulu ye-FR4 ineempawu ezintle zokuxhomekeka, ezifana ne-TG ephezulu, zisenokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kuyilo olulula lwee -audibes kwizicelo ezinzima.

I-RF / i-microwave yoyilo

Itekhnoloji ephathwayo kunye neBluetooth ziye zavula indlela ye-RF / i-microwave izicelo kwizixhobo ezingenamandla. Uluhlu lwe-frequency frequency luya usiba ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ukuphindaphindiweyo okuphezulu (vhf) kwachazwa njenge-2gz ~ 3ghz. Kodwa ngoku sinokubona izicelo ze-ultra-pieder (i-UHF) isusela kwi-10gz ukuya kwi-25gz.

Ke ngoko, kwi-PCB ebuthelelweni, inxalenye ye-RF ifuna ingqalelo engakumbi kwimicimbi yoriring, kwaye imiqondiso kufuneka ihlukaniswe ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye imiqondiso ifanele ihlukaniswe ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye imiqondiso evelisa imiqondiso ephezulu kufuneka igcinwe emhlabeni. Olunye uqwalaselo lubandakanya: Ukubonelela ngefilitha ye-BEPPASS, i-Decoupling eyaneleyo, ukuqina, kunye nokuyila umgca wokuhambisa kunye nomgca wokubuya ukuze ulingane.

Isihluzi se-Bypass sinokucinezela isiphumo esiphezulu somxholo wengxolo kunye ne-crostalk. Ukucofa i-ACoupiling Angaziswanga kufuneka ibekwe kufutshane ne-pins yesixhobo ephethe imiqondiso yamandla.

Imigca yokuhambisa isantya esiphezulu kunye nemijikelezo yomqondiso ifuna ungqimba lomhlaba ukuba ubekwe phakathi kwe-bitter yamandla ukuthoba i-jitter eveliswe yimiqondiso yengxolo. Kwisantya esiphezulu sesantya, i-mismcys edismdy encinci iya kubangela usulelo olungenakuhlelwa kunye nokwamkelwa kwemiqondiso, okukhokelela kwigqwetha. Ke ngoko, ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kwingxaki yokuthengisa ehambelana ne-radio frequency, kuba umqondiso werediyo frequency unesantya esiphezulu kunye nonyamezelo olukhethekileyo.

Imigca yokuhambisa i-RF ifuna ukupheliswa kwe-RF ukuze kudlulise imiqondiso ye-RF evela kwi-IC ekhethekileyo kwi-PCB. Le migca yothumelo inokuphunyezwa kwi-suble yangaphandle, ungqimba oluphezulu, kunye nomaleko ongezantsi, okanye ungayilwa kwi-subser ephakathi.

Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ngexesha loyilo lwe-PCB RF ngumgca we-Microstripip, umgca wokudada, i-coplanar WaveGuide okanye i-phathi. Umgangatho wama-mpurprip unemithamitha eqinileyo yentsimbi okanye umkhondo kunye nendiza yomhlaba okanye inxenye yendiza yasemhlabeni ngokuthe ngqo ngezantsi kwayo. Ukunyanzeliswa kwesimilo kwisakhiwo somgca jikelele we-Microstript ukusuka kwi-50º ukuya kwi-75ω.

I-Striner edadayo yenye indlela yokucinezelwa kwe-wiring kunye nokucinezelwa kwengxolo. Lo mgca uqulathe i-wiring-ububanzi obuqhetseba kwisiseko sangaphakathi kunye neplanethi enkulu ephezulu nangaphantsi komqhubi wesiko. Indiza esemhlabeni ithukile phakathi kwenqwelomoya, ukuze ibonelele ngesiphumo esisebenzayo. Le yeyona ndlela ithandwayo ye-PCB ye-PCB ye-PCB ye-PCB ye-RF.

I-COPANAR WaveGuide inokuthi ibonelele ngokuthe tye ngakumbi kufutshane nesekethe iRF kunye nesekethe ekufuneka ibotshwe. Le nqanaba iquka umqhubi ophakathi oPhakathi kunye neePlanes zoMhlaba kwicala okanye ngezantsi. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokudlulisela imiqondiso yerediyo yerediyo kukumisa imigca yokuqhawula umtya okanye i-coplanar wavegagides. Ezi ndlela zimbini zinokubonelela ngokuthe tyaba ngakumbi phakathi komqondiso kunye ne-rf.

Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise obizwa ngokuba "ngocingo" kumacala omabini e-copnar waveguide. Le ndlela inokubonelela ngoluhlu lwe-vias yomhlaba kwindiza nganye yentsimbi yomqhubi wesithathu. Umkhondo ophambili osebenza embindini ucingo kwicala ngalinye, ngaloo ndlela ke ibonelela ngendlela emfutshane yokubuya ngoku emhlabeni. Le ndlela inokunciphisa inqanaba lengxolo elinxulunyaniswa nesiphumo esiphakamileyo se-RF. I-Delectric Sperser ye-4.5 ihlala ifana ne-Fr4 ye-Fr4 ye-Presrere, ngelixa i-Dotletric rhoqo ye-Presrerep-ukusuka kwi-Microsrip, i-strineline-imalunga ne-3.8 ukuya kwi-3.9.

Kwezinye izixhobo ezisebenzisa inqwelomoya, i-Vias eyimfama inokusetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-canoupling yamandla kwaye ibonelele ngomendo we-shint ukusuka kwifowuni ukuya emhlabeni. Indlela ye-hint ukuya emhlabeni inokuphakama ubude be-hidi. Oku kunokufezekisa iinjongo ezimbini: Awuyi kwenza nje i-shist okanye umhlaba, kodwa unciphise umgama ohambisa izixhobo ezinamabala amancinci, eyinto eyilwe yi-RF yoyilo lwe-RF.