Kukho ukhuphiswano oluninzi kwishishini lemveliso ye-PCB. Wonke umntu ujonge olona phuculo luncinci ukubanika inzuzo. Ukuba kubonakala ngathi awukwazi ukuqhubeka nenkqubela phambili, kusenokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuvelisa ibekwe ityala. Ukusebenzisa obu buchule bulula bunokwenza lula inkqubo yakho yokuvelisa kwaye wenze abathengi bakho baphinde abathengi.

Njengemiba emininzi yoshishino lombane, inkqubo yokwenziwa kweebhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo ikhuphisana kakhulu. Abathengi bafuna iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuba zigqitywe ngokukhawuleza ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Oku kukhuthaza abanye abavelisi ukuba banciphise iikona ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokugcina ukhuphiswano. Nangona kunjalo, le yindlela engalunganga kwaye iya kubahlukanisa abathengi kwaye yenzakalise ishishini ekuhambeni kwexesha. Endaweni yoko, abavelisi banokufikelela kwiziphumo ezingcono ngokuphucula inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo yokuvelisa ukwenza ukuba kube lula kwaye kusebenze. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingcono, iimveliso kunye neendleko zokulondoloza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, abavelisi bePCB banokubonelela abathengi ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngexabiso eliphantsi. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa zokuqala le nkqubo.

01
Sebenzisa isoftware yoyilo
I-PCB yanamhlanje ngokwenene ngumsebenzi wobugcisa. Ngezixhobo zombane ezicutheka ngokuthe ngcembe, iPCB efunwa ngabathengi incinci kwaye intsonkothile kunangaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba abavelisi bePCB kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokuhlanganisa amacandelo amaninzi kwiibhodi ezincinci. Ke ngoko, isoftware yobeko lwePCB iphantse yaba sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sabayili. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaqulunqi basasebenzisa iindlela zakudala okanye basebenzisa isoftware engalunganga ukuphatha izinto. Isoftware yoyilo lwePCB yobuchwephesha iya kuba nezixhobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezinokunceda ukuphucula inkqubo, ukuchonga ezona zenzo zilungileyo kunye nokwenza iitshekhi umthetho woyilo. Ukongeza, isoftware iya kukuvumela ukuba wenze kwaye ugcine iitemplates ukwenza lula uphuhliso lweeodolo ezizayo.

02
Faka i-solder resist kwi-PCB
Uninzi lwemisebenzi yemveliso PCB encinci ayisebenzisi solder ukumelana kwinkqubo yabo yokuvelisa. Imaski ye-solder ngumaleko we-polymer ogqunywe kwi-PCB ukukhusela i-oxidation kunye neesekethe ezimfutshane ezingeyomfuneko ngexesha lenkqubo yendibano. Kuba iisekethe zisiya zisondela kwiiPCB ezincinci nezincinci zanamhlanje, ukuvelisa ngaphandle kwemaski ekumgangatho ophezulu we-solder akusebenzi kwaye kuzisa umngcipheko ongeyomfuneko.

03
Musa ukugqwala nge-ferric chloride
Ngokwembali, i-ferric chloride yayiyeyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubenzi bePCB. Ixabiso eliphantsi, inokuthengwa ngobuninzi kwaye ikhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, xa sele isetyenziselwe i-etching, iba yimveliso eyingozi: i-chloride yobhedu. I-Copper chloride inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inomonakalo omkhulu kwindalo. Ngoko ke, akuvumelekanga ukuthulula i-chloride yobhedu kwi-sewer okanye ukuyilahla kunye nenkunkuma. Ukuze ulahle ngokufanelekileyo umchiza, kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-neutraizer okanye uyise kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma enobungozi.

Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezingabizi kakhulu nezikhuselekileyo. I-Ammonium peroxodisulfate yenye yezi ndlela. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubiza kakhulu kwezinye iindawo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-chloride yobhedu inokuthengwa ngokungabizi okanye inokwenziwa lula kwi-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide. Enye indlela yokuyisebenzisa kukongeza nje ioksijini ngesixhobo sokugquma njengempompo ye-aquarium ukwenza isisombululo ngokulula. Ekubeni akukho mfuneko yokusingatha isisombululo, iingxaki zokuphatha eziqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi be-chloride yobhedu ziyagwenywa ngokupheleleyo.

04
Ukwahlula ipaneli usebenzisa i-ultraviolet laser
Mhlawumbi eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuphucula inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB kukutyala imali kwiilaser ze-UV zokwahlula iiphaneli. Zininzi iindlela zokwahlula emarikeni, njengezityumzayo, iipuntshi, iisarha, kunye neeplani. Ingxaki kukuba zonke iindlela zoomatshini zibeka uxinzelelo ebhodini. Oku kuthetha ukuba abavelisi abasebenzisa iindlela zokwahlula ngoomatshini abanako ukuvelisa iibhodi zesekethe eziguquguqukayo, ezibhityileyo kunye nezinye ezibuthathaka eziprintiweyo. Ngaphambili, oku kwakungeyongxaki. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, iibhodi zeesekethe eziqinileyo ziphelelwe ngokukhawuleza. Ishishini le-elektroniki lifuna iiPCB ezimilise okwesiqhelo ukuze zilingane izixhobo ezincinci kunye nokugcina ulwazi oluninzi.

I-laser ye-UV isombulula le ngxaki kuba ayiqhagamshelani nebhodi yesekethe. Oku kuthetha ukuba abafaki naluphi na uxinzelelo lomzimba kwi-PCB. Ikhadibhodi ebhityileyo inokususwa ngokulula kwindawo yolawulo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokonakalisa amalungu abuthathaka. Abavelisi abatyala imali kwii-lasers ze-UV namhlanje baya kuba nako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zekamva leshishini lePCB, kwaye abakhuphisana nabo baya kungxamela ukubamba.

Kodwa iilaser ze-ultraviolet zineminye imisebenzi. Kananjalo abafaki uxinzelelo lwe-thermal ebhodini. Ezinye iindlela zokuqhawula i-laser (ezifana ne-CO2 lasers) zisebenzisa ukushisa ukwahlula iiplate. Nangona le yindlela esebenzayo, ubushushu bunokonakalisa iziphelo zebhodi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abayili abanakusebenzisa iperiphery yePCB kwaye bachithe indawo exabisekileyo. Kwelinye icala, iilaser zeUV zisebenzisa iindlela zokusika “ezibandayo” ukwahlula iiPCB. Ukusika kwe-laser ye-UV kuyahambelana kwaye akukho monakalo kwimida yebhodi. Abavelisi abasebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-ultraviolet banokubonelela abathengi ngoyilo oluncinci ngokusebenzisa yonke indawo yebhodi yesekethe.

05
Inkqubo esebenzayo yokuvelisa ingundoqo
Kakade ke, nangona ezi ziindlela ezimbalwa ezilula zokuphucula inkqubo yokwenziwa kwePCB, iingongoma eziphambili zisafana. Iteknoloji yokuvelisa iPCB iyaphucuka yonke imihla. Nangona kunjalo, njengomvelisi, sisenokungakhathali kwaye singakwazi ukuhambisana neentsingiselo zamva nje. Oku kuthetha ukuba sisenokuba sisebenzisa izixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthatha amanyathelo ambalwa alula ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yethu yokuvelisa iyasebenza kwaye isexesheni, ishishini lethu linokuhlala likhuphisana kwaye ligqame kukhuphiswano.