Kuyilo lokutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla, ukuba ibhodi yePCB ayilwanga kakuhle, iya kukhupha uphazamiseko oluninzi kakhulu lwe-electromagnetic. Uyilo lwebhodi yePCB enomsebenzi ozinzileyo wonikezelo lwamandla ngoku lushwankathela amaqhinga asixhenxe: ngokuhlalutya imiba efuna ingqalelo kwinyathelo ngalinye, uyilo lwebhodi yePCB lunokwenziwa lula ngenyathelo!

1. Inkqubo yoyilo ukusuka kwisikimu ukuya kwi-PCB

Misela iiparitha zecandelo -> i-input principle ye-netlist -> i-design parameter settings -> layout manual -> manual wiring -> qinisekisa uyilo -> review -> output yeCAM.

2. Ukusetwa kweParameter

Umgama phakathi kweengcingo ezikufutshane kufuneka ukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lombane, kwaye ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukusebenza kunye nokuveliswa, umgama kufuneka ube mkhulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ubuncinci bezithuba kufuneka bufanele ubuncinci bombane onyamezelwayo. Xa ubuninzi be-wiring buphantsi, isithuba semigca yesignali sinokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwimigca yemiqondiso enesithuba esikhulu phakathi kwamanqanaba aphezulu naphantsi, isithuba kufuneka sibe sifutshane kangangoko kwaye isithuba kufuneka sandiswe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, Cwangcisa isithuba somkhondo sibe sikhulu kune-1mm ukusuka kumngxunya ongaphakathi wepadi ukuya kumda webhodi eprintiweyo, ukuze ugweme iziphene zepadi ngexesha lokucubungula. Xa umkhondo oxhunywe kwiipads zincinci, ukudibanisa phakathi kweepads kunye neetrayisi kufuneka kuqulunqwe kwimilo yokulahla. Inzuzo yale nto kukuba i-pads ayilula ukuyikhupha, kodwa imifuziselo kunye neepads azinqanyulwa ngokulula.

3. Uyilo lwecandelo

Uqheliselo lubonise ubungqina bokuba nokuba ngaba iskimu sesekethe siyilwe ngokuchanekileyo yaye ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ayilwanga kakuhle, oko kuya kuchaphazela kakubi ukuthembeka kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Umzekelo, ukuba imigca emibini ebhityileyo enxuseneyo yebhodi eprintiweyo isondelelene, iya kubangela ukulibaziseka kophawu lwamaza kunye nengxolo ebonakalisayo ekupheleni komgca wothumelo; ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuqwalaselwa okungafanelekanga kwamandla kunye nomhlaba kuya kubangela ukuba imveliso ihlupheke I-Performance drops, ngoko ke, xa uyila iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwindlela echanekileyo. Umbane ngamnye otshintshayo uneendawo ezine ezirhintyelayo ngoku:

(1) Isekethe ye-AC yokutshintsha kwamandla
(2) Isilungisi se-AC sesekethe

(3) I-loop yangoku yomthombo wesignali yegalelo
(4) Umthwalo wemveliso yangoku iluphu Iluphu yegalelo ihlawulisa i-capacitor yegalelo ngokusebenzisa i-DC yangoku eqikelelweyo. Isihluzi se-capacitor sisebenza ikakhulu njengogcino lwamandla ebroadband; ngokufanayo, i-capacitor yokucoca imveliso ikwasetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla amatyeli aphezulu ukusuka kwisilungisi sokuphuma. Ngexesha elifanayo, amandla e-DC wesiphaluka somthwalo wemveliso apheliswa. Ngoko ke, ii-terminals ze-input and output filter capacitors zibaluleke kakhulu. Igalelo kunye nemveliso yelophu yangoku kufuneka idityaniswe kuphela kunikezelo lwamandla ukusuka kwiitheminali ze-capacitor yokucoca ngokulandelelanayo; ukuba uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-input / loop ye-output kunye ne-loop yamandla / i-loop ye-rectifier ayinakuxhunywa kwi-capacitor I-terminal ixhunyiwe ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye amandla e-AC aya kuhanjiswa kwindalo ngegalelo okanye i-capacitor filter capacitor. I-AC loop yokutshintsha kwamandla kunye ne-AC loop ye-rectifier iqulethe i-high-amplitude trapezoidal currents. Le misinga inamacandelo aphezulu e-harmonic kwaye i-frequency yabo inkulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo esisisiseko sokutshintsha. Incopho yeamplitude ingaba phezulu kangangezihlandlo ezi-5 igalelo eliqhubekayo/imveliso ye-DC yangoku amplitude. Ixesha lenguqu lidla ngokuba malunga nama-50ns. Ezi lophu zimbini zithandwa kakhulu kuphazamiseko lwe-electromagnetic, ke ezi loops ze-AC kufuneka zibekwe phambi kweminye imigca eprintiweyo kubonelelo lwamandla. Amacandelo amathathu aphambili kwiluphu nganye zii-capacitors zokucoca, iiswitshi zamandla okanye ii-rectifiers, kunye ne-inductors. Okanye i-transformers kufuneka ibekwe ecaleni komnye nomnye, kwaye izikhundla zecandelo kufuneka zilungiswe ukwenza indlela yangoku phakathi kwabo ibe mfutshane kangangoko.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuseka ukutshintshwa kwesakhiwo sonikezelo lwamandla kufana noyilo lombane. Eyona nkqubo yoyilo yile ilandelayo:

◆Beka i-transformer
◆Yila iluphu yangoku yokutshintsha amandla
◆Yila isiphumo sokulungisa loop yangoku
◆Lawula isekethi eqhagamshelwe kwisekethi yombane ye-AC
◆ Igalelo loyilo lwangoku lwelophu yomthombo kunye nesihluzo segalelo Yila iluphu yomthwalo kunye nesihluzo semveliso ngokweyunithi esebenzayo yesekethe, xa ubeka onke amacandelo esekethe, le migaqo ilandelayo kufuneka ihlangatyezwe:

(1) Okokuqala, qwalasela ubukhulu bePCB. Xa ubukhulu bePCB bukhulu kakhulu, imigca eprintiweyo iya kuba yinde, i-impedance iya kwanda, amandla okulwa nengxolo aya kuncipha, kwaye iindleko ziya kwanda; ukuba ubungakanani bePCB buncinci kakhulu, ukuchithwa kobushushu akuyi kuba kuhle, kwaye imigca ekufutshane iya kuphazamiseka ngokulula. Ubume obungcono kakhulu bebhodi yesekethe luxande, kunye ne-aspect ratio yi-3: 2 okanye 4: 3. Amacandelo abekwe kumda webhodi yesekethe ngokuqhelekileyo ayikho ngaphantsi komda webhodi yesiphaluka

(2) Xa ubeka isixhobo, qwalasela i-soldering yexesha elizayo, kungekhona ukuxinana kakhulu;
(3) Thatha icandelo elingundoqo lesekethe nganye esebenzayo njengeziko kwaye ulale ngeenxa zonke. Amacandelo kufuneka alungelelaniswe, ngokucocekileyo kwaye alungelelaniswe kwi-PCB, ukunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa izikhokelo kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwamacandelo, kunye ne-decoupling capacitor kufuneka isondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwisixhobo.
(4) Kwiisekethe ezisebenza kwii-frequencies eziphezulu, iiparamitha ezisasazwayo phakathi kwamacandelo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isekethe kufuneka icwangciswe ngokuhambelana kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, ayintle kuphela, kodwa ilula ukuyifaka kunye ne-weld, kwaye kulula ukuyivelisa ngobuninzi.
(5) Lungiselela indawo yecandelo lesekethe nganye esebenzayo ngokuhambelana nokuhamba kweesekethe, ukwenzela ukuba i-layout ilungele ukujikeleza komqondiso, kwaye umqondiso ugcinwe ngendlela efanayo njengoko kunokwenzeka.
(6) Umgaqo wokuqala woyilo kukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo wocingo, nikela ingqalelo ekudibaneni kweengcingo eziphaphazelayo xa uhambisa isixhobo, kwaye ubeke izixhobo kunye nobudlelwane bokudibanisa kunye.
(7) Nciphisa indawo yelophu kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukucinezela uphazamiseko lwemitha yobonelelo lombane lokutshintsha.

4. Umbane wokutshintsha i-wiring uqulethe izibonakaliso eziphezulu ze-frequency

Nawuphi na umgca oshicilelweyo kwi-PCB unokusebenza njenge-eriyali. Ubude kunye nobubanzi bomgca oshicilelweyo buya kuchaphazela i-impedance kunye ne-inductance, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuphendula rhoqo. Kwanemigca eprintiweyo egqithisa imiqondiso ye-DC inokudibanisa kwiisignali zerediyo ukusuka kwimigca eprintiweyo ekufutshane kwaye ibangele iingxaki zesekethe (kwaye iphinde iveze imiqondiso yophazamiseko kwakhona). Ngoko ke, zonke iilayini eziprintiweyo ezidlula i-AC current kufuneka ziyilwe ukuba zibe mfutshane kwaye zibe banzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, oku kuthetha ukuba onke amacandelo aqhagamshelwe kwimigca eprintiweyo kunye nezinye iintambo zombane kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane kakhulu. Ubude bomgca oshicilelweyo buhambelana ne-inductance kunye ne-impedance, kwaye ububanzi buhambelana ngokungafaniyo ne-inductance kunye ne-impedance yomgca oshicilelweyo. Ubude bubonisa ubude bempendulo yomgca oshicilelweyo. Okukhona ubude bubude, kokukhona kusezantsi i-frequency apho umgca oshicilelweyo unokuthumela kwaye ufumane amaza e-electromagnetic, kwaye unokukhupha amandla amaninzi kanomathotholo. Ngokobungakanani bebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yangoku, zama ukwandisa ububanzi bomgca wamandla ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa i-loop. Ngexesha elifanayo, yenza isalathiso somgca wamandla kunye nomgca womhlaba uhambelana nolwalathiso lwangoku, okunceda ukunyusa amandla okuchasana nengxolo. I-Grounding yisebe elisezantsi le-loops ezine zangoku zokunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha. Idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengendawo yesalathiso eqhelekileyo kwisekethe. Yindlela ebalulekileyo yokulawula ukuphazamiseka. Ngoko ke, ukubekwa kocingo lokumisa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokucophelela kwi-layout. Ukudibanisa iziseko ezahlukeneyo kuya kubangela ukusebenza kombane ongazinzanga.

La manqaku alandelayo kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo kuyilo locingo lomhlaba:

A. Khetha ngokuchanekileyo isiseko sendawo enye. Ngokubanzi, isiphelo esiqhelekileyo se-capacitor yokucoca kufuneka ibe yindawo yoqhagamshelo yodwa yezinye iindawo zokubeka isibini kumhlaba we-AC womgangatho ophezulu wangoku. Amanqaku asezantsi esekethe yomgangatho ofanayo kufuneka asondele kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye i-capacitor yokucoca umbane yale sekethi yenqanaba kufuneka nayo idityaniswe kwindawo yokumisa yeli nqanaba, ikakhulu kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ukubuyisela ngoku kumhlaba kwindawo nganye. inxalenye yesiphaluka iyatshintshwa, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa komgca ohambayo wangempela kuya kubangela ukuguqulwa kwamandla omhlaba wecandelo ngalinye lesekethe kwaye uqalise ukuphazamiseka. Kulo mbane wokuguqula umbane, i-wiring yayo kunye ne-inductance phakathi kwezixhobo zinempembelelo encinci, kwaye i-current current eyenziwa yi-circuit yesiphaluka inempembelelo enkulu ekuphazamiseni, ngoko ke i-grounding point isetyenzisiweyo, oko kukuthi, i-loop yangoku yokutshintsha amandla. (iingcingo zomhlaba zezixhobo ezininzi ziQhagamshelwe kwiphini lokumisa, iingcingo zomhlaba zamacandelo aliqela elophu yokubuyisela imveliso yangoku nazo ziqhagamshelwe kwizikhonkwane ezisezantsi ze-capacitors zokucoca ezihambelanayo, ukuze unikezelo lwamandla luzinzile kwaye alulula. Ukuzihlaziya xa inqaku elinye lingafumanekiyo, yabelana ngomhlaba Xhuma i-diode ezimbini okanye i-resistor encinci, ngokwenene, inokudibaniswa neqhekeza eligxininisiweyo le-foil yethusi.

B. Qinisa ucingo lokumisa kangangoko. Ukuba ucingo lokumisa luncinci kakhulu, amandla omhlaba aya kutshintsha ngokutshintsha kwangoku, okuya kubangela ukuba izinga lesignali yexesha lezixhobo zombane lingazinzi, kwaye ukusebenza okuchasene nomsindo kuya kuhla. Ngoko ke, qinisekisa ukuba i-terminal yangoku enkulu yangoku esemhlabeni Sebenzisa imigca eprintiweyo ibe mifutshane kwaye ibe banzi kangangoko, kwaye wandise ububanzi bamandla kunye nemigca yomhlaba kangangoko. Kungcono ukuba umgca womhlaba ubanzi kunomgca wamandla. Ubudlelwane babo bu: umgca osezantsi> umgca wamandla> umgca wesignali. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, umgca womhlaba Ububanzi kufuneka bube ngaphezu kwe-3mm, kwaye indawo enkulu yobhedu ingasetyenziselwa njengocingo oluphantsi. Xhuma iindawo ezingasetyenziswanga kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo njengocingo oluphantsi. Xa kusenziwa iingcingo zehlabathi, le migaqo ilandelayo kufuneka nayo ilandelwe:

(1) Isalathiso socingo: Ukususela kumbono we-welding surface, ukucwangciswa kwamacandelo kufuneka kuhambelane ngokusemandleni kunye nomzobo wesikimu. Isalathiso se-wiring kufuneka sihambelane nolwalathiso lwe-wiring ye-diagram yesiphaluka, kuba iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo zidla ngokufuneka kwindawo ye-welding ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngoko ke, kulungele ukuhlolwa, ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwimveliso (Qaphela: Ibhekisela kwisiseko sokuhlangana nokusebenza kwesiphaluka kunye neemfuno zofakelo lomatshini kunye noyilo lwepaneli).

(2) Xa uyila umzobo wocingo, i-wiring akufanele igobe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ububanzi bomgca kwi-arc eprintiweyo akufanele butshintshwe ngokukhawuleza, ikona yocingo kufuneka ibe yi-≥90 degrees, kwaye imigca kufuneka ibe lula kwaye icacile.

(3) Iisekethe ezinqamlezayo azivumelekanga kwisekethe eprintiweyo. Kwimigca enokuthi iwele, ungasebenzisa "i-drilling" kunye "ne-winding" ukuyisombulula. Oko kukuthi, vumela i-lead "drill" kwisithuba phantsi kwezinye izixhasi, ii-capacitors, kunye nezikhonkwane ezintathu, okanye "umoya" ukusuka kwelinye icala lelothe elinokuthi liwele. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngayo isekethe, iphinda ivunyelwe ukwenza lula ukuyila. Sebenzisa iingcingo ukubhuloka ukusombulula ingxaki yesekethe yomnqamlezo. Ngenxa yokuba ibhodi yecala elilodwa yamkelwe, iinqununu ze-in-line zifumaneka kwindawo ephezulu kunye nezixhobo zokukhwela phezulu zibekwe kwindawo ephantsi. Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezingaphakathi ziyakwazi ukukhwelana kunye nezixhobo zokunyuka kwendawo ngexesha lokumisa, kodwa ukugqithiswa kweepads kufuneka kugwenywe.

C. Umhlaba ongeniswayo kunye nomhlaba ophumayo Olu nikezelo lombane lokutshintsha luyi-low-voltage DC-DC. Ukuba ufuna ukunika impendulo amandla ombane wokukhupha umva kwiprayimari ye-transformer, iisekethe kumacala omabini kufuneka zibe nendawo yesalathiso eqhelekileyo, ke emva kokubeka ubhedu kwiingcingo zomhlaba kumacala omabini, Kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kunye ukwenza umhlaba oqhelekileyo. .

5. Khangela

Emva kokugqitywa koyilo lwe-wiring, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngokucophelela ukuba ngaba i-wiring design ihambelana nemithetho ebekwe ngumyili, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba imigaqo emiselweyo ihlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso yebhodi eprintiweyo. inkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo khangela umgca kunye nomgca, umgca kunye nephedi yecandelo, umgca. Ingaba ububanzi bomgca wamandla kunye nomgca womhlaba ufanelekile, nokuba kukho indawo yokwandisa umgca womhlaba kwi-PCB. Qaphela: Ezinye iimpazamo zinokuhoywa. Ngokomzekelo, inxalenye yenkcazo yezinye izixhumi zifakwe ngaphandle kwesakhelo sebhodi, kwaye iimpazamo ziya kwenzeka xa kuhlolwa isithuba; ukongezelela, ixesha ngalinye i-wiring kunye ne-vias ziguqulwa, ubhedu kufuneka lufakwe kwakhona.

6. Phinda ujonge ngokwe “PCB Checklist”

Umxholo ubandakanya imithetho yoyilo, iinkcazo zomaleko, ububanzi bomgca, izithuba, iipads, kunye nezicwangciso. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ingqiqo yokwakheka kwesixhobo, i-wiring yamandla kunye namanethiwekhi omhlaba, i-wiring kunye nokukhusela amanethiwekhi e-clock ye-high-speed, kunye ne-decoupling Ukubekwa kunye nokudibanisa kwee-capacitors, njl.

7. imiba efuna ingqwalasela ekuyileni nasekukhupheni iifayili zeGerber

a. Iimaleko ezifuna ukukhutshwa zibandakanya umaleko wocingo (umaleko osezantsi), umaleko wesikrini sesilika (kubandakanya isikrini sesilika ephezulu, isikrini sesilika esisezantsi), imaski ye-solder (imaski ye-solder esezantsi), umaleko wokugrumba (umaleko ongezantsi), kunye nefayile yokomba (NCDrill )
b. Xa useta umaleko wesikrini seSilika, musa ukukhetha i-PartType, khetha umaleko ophezulu (umaleko ongezantsi) kunye ne-Outline, Text, Linec yomaleko wesikrini sesilika. Xa ucwangcisa iLayer yomaleko ngamnye, khetha ulwandlalo lweBhodi. Xa useta umaleko wesikrini sesilika, musa ukukhetha i-PartType, khetha i-Outline, Text, Line.d yomaleko ongaphezulu (umaleko ongezantsi) kunye nomaleko wesikrini sesilika. Xa usenza iifayile zokomba, sebenzisa useto olungagqibekanga lwePowerPCB kwaye ungenzi naluphi na utshintsho.