Ukunqongophala kwamacandelo e-elektroniki kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso. Ibonelela ngamathuba kubantu bomgunyathi.
Namhlanje, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zomgunyathi ziya zithandwa. Iifeki ezininzi ezinje ngee-capacitors, resistors, inductors, iityhubhu zeMOS, kunye neekhompyuter ezine-chip enye zijikeleza kwimarike. Ukongeza ekufumaneni iiarhente eziqhelekileyo zokuthenga kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iinjineli kunye nabathengi bafanele bagcine amehlo abo evulekile kwaye bafunde ukuchonga abomgunyathi!
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukwahlula phakathi kwezinto zokwenyani kunye nezobuxoki ze-elektroniki, kufuneka uqale uqonde umahluko phakathi kweyoqobo kunye nentsha.
1. Yintoni imveliso yoqobo entsha kraca?
Imveliso entsha yoqobo yigama lokuqala lemveliso yokuqala, ukupakishwa kwasekuqaleni, i-LABLE yokuqala (imodeli epheleleyo, inombolo yebhetshi, uphawu, inombolo yeLOT (i-IC yokupakisha umgca wokupakisha kunye nekhowudi yomatshini esetyenzisiweyo), ubungakanani bephakheji, ikhowudi (ingakwazi jonga kwiwebhusayithi yayo), iikhowudi zebhakhowudi (ngesiqhelo ezichasene nokwenza umgunyathi).
Zonke iiparameters zifanelekile ngumenzi, kubandakanywa neemveliso zasekhaya zasekhaya. Umgangatho wale mveliso uhle kakhulu, inombolo ye-batch ifana, kwaye ukubonakala kuhle. Abathengi bazimisele ukuyamkela, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu.
Imveliso yoqobo yimveliso yokuqala epakishwe ngqo kumzi-mveliso wokuqala. Ipakethe yokuqala inokuba ivuliwe okanye akukho phakheji yoqobo, kodwa iseyimveliso yoqobo.
Ubuninzi obunqabileyo butsha (okt iimveliso ezineziphene)
I-sub-chips yi-chips ekhutshwe kumgca wokuhlanganisa we-IC ngenxa yomgangatho wangaphakathi kunye neminye imiba, kodwa ayiphumelelanga uvavanyo lomenzi woyilo. Okanye ngenxa yokupakishwa okungafanelekanga, ukubonakala kwefilimu konakaliswe, kwaye i-chip nayo iyacinywa.
● Iifilimu eziphuma kumgca wendibano. Yifilimu eyathi yaxhuzulwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa ngumenzi. Ezo filimu azithethi ukuba kufuneka kubekho iingxaki ezisemgangathweni, kodwa ezinye iiparameters zineempazamo ezinkulu.
Kuba abavelisi bahlala beneemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kwefilimu, njengombane kunye nombane, kunye noluhlu lwempazamo oluvumelekileyo lungaphakathi kokudibanisa okanye ukuthabatha i-0.01, ngoko xa ifilimu eqhelekileyo kufuneka ibe yi-1.00, 1.01 kunye ne-0.99 zonke ziyimveliso yokwenene, kwaye i-0.98 okanye 1.02 yimveliso enesiphene.
Ezi bhanyabhanya zachongwa zaza zabizwa ngokuba ziifilimu ezintsha ezisasazekileyo. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa ye-fragility yefilimu, ifilimu endala inokubangela utshintsho oluncinci kwimpazamo yeparameter ngexesha lokucubungula. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha imveliso efanayo, abanye abathengi bayayisebenzisa, kwaye abanye abathengi bayayisebenzisa. .
● Kwinkqubo yokuhlolwa komgangatho, ngenxa yokuba umgca wokuhlanganisa udlula kwikhompyutheni ngexesha lokuhlolwa ngokongezwa ngesandla kwekhompyutheni, ngamanye amaxesha ifilimu ayinayo ingxaki ngokwenene, kodwa xa ibambekile, abasebenzi banokukhetha ukubulala iwaka ngempazamo kunokuba yikhulule. Emva kwe-movie embi, ngoko ulahlekelwa kakhulu, ke ezi zibizwa ngokuba zintsha ezisasazekileyo.
2. Yintoni imithwalo entsha eninzi?
I-Sanxin inokohlulwa ngokwezi meko zilandelayo ngokwemiqathango yemarike:
★Ngokwenyani yobuninzi (oko kukuthi iimpahla zoqobo ngaphandle kokupakishwa koqobo)
● Imfuno yomthengi ingaphantsi kwepakethe epheleleyo. Ngenxa yokuqhuba ixabiso, umthengisi uchitha iphakheji epheleleyo kwaye uthengise inxalenye ye-chip ngexabiso eliphezulu, kunye nenxalenye eseleyo ye-chip ngaphandle kwephakheji yokuqala.
● Ngenxa yezizathu zezothutho, umthengisi uqhawula iimpahla ezipakishiweyo zantlandlolo ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa. Iimpahla zoqobo ezifana neHong Kong kufuneka zithunyelwe eShenzhen nakwezinye iindawo. Ukuze ungene kumasiko kunye nokunciphisa iirhafu, ukupakishwa kokuqala kuyasuswa kwaye abantu abaninzi bathatyathwa kwizithethe.
● Iimveliso ezitsha nezindala: Uninzi lwezi mveliso zezo zigcinwe ixesha elide kwaye zinenkangeleko embi. Zingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukulahla isambuku.
● Kukwakho nemizi-mveliso yokupakisha. Xa inani elikhulu lee-wafers zithunyelwa kumzi-mveliso wokupakisha ukupakisha, emva kokugqitywa kweyunithi yoyilo lwe-IC ayinakukwazi ukufumana zonke iipakethe ezipakishweyo ngenxa yeengxaki zemali, ke le nxalenye yefektri yokupakisha iya kuzithengisa ngokwayo. , kuba ayifuni Kufuneka bamakishe iileyibhile zabo kwaye abayi kwenza ukupakisha ukwandisa iindleko, ngoko baya kuzithengisa ngobuninzi.
● Ngenxa yeengxaki zolawulo lomzi-mveliso wokupakisha, iifilimu ezazithuthwa ngabasebenzi bayo bephuma kwinkampani ngemijelo engaqhelekanga, zaphinda zathengiswa kwaye zathengwa iifilimu, zangena elizweni. Olu hlobo lwefilimu alunapakethe yangaphandle kuba akukho nkqubo yokupakisha yokugqibela, kodwa ixabiso lithandeka ngakumbi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lingcono kunexabiso le-arhente yesizwe.
★Ubuninzi bomgunyathi (oko kukuthi iimpahla ezihlaziyiweyo)
Impahla ehlaziyiweyo iyahlaziywa okanye idityanisiwe. Ziyacutshungulwa kwaye ziphinde zenziwe iinxalenye, ngoko ke abantu abakushishino bazibiza ngokuba ziimpahla ezihlaziyiweyo.
● Ezinye iimbonakalo zonakele, kodwa umonakalo womphezulu awukho mandundu kakhulu, kwaye iifilimu ekungekho nzima ukuzilungisa zinokuthengiswa njengeefilimu ezintsha emva kokulungiswa.
● Zilumkele iifilimu zesizukulwana sesibini ezinenkangeleko entle. Iifilimu ezinjalo zihlala zingaphantsi kweefilimu ezineengxaki zomgangatho wangaphakathi. Abathengi beefilimu ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo balumke ngakumbi.
● Ukuhlaziywa kweefilimu ezindala ngokuyintloko kuhlaziywa ngokutsha iifilimu ezindala, ezinjengokusila, ukuhlamba, ukutsala iinyawo, ukugquma iinyawo, ukuhlanganisa iinyawo, ukucola oonobumba, ukuchwetheza njalo njalo. Ukubonakala kwefilimu kucutshungulwa ukwenza ifilimu ibonakale ihle kakhulu.
Ubukhulu becala inkunkuma yangaphandle, oko kukuthi, izixhobo zendlu yangaphandle, iikhomputha, iirotha kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane ezilahliweyo zicutshungulwa kwizikhululo zasekuhlaleni zokuqokelela inkunkuma. Le nkunkuma ithuthwa isiwe eHong Kong, eGuangdong, eTaiwan, eZhejiang, nakwiindawo zeChaoshan ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngamaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwabalinganiswa bokuqala kukuqhuba nje ukubonakala kwefilimu ukwenza ifilimu ibonakale intle ngakumbi. Olu hlobo lwempahla lukumgangatho ongcono kwaye alubizi, ngokuqhelekileyo sisiqingatha sexabiso elishiyekileyo okanye zitshiphu.
● Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, qhaqha iindawo. Imveliso isetyenzisiwe, kwaye isuswe kwibhodi yesekethe ngomoya oshushu okanye i-frying. Iindlela ezimbini zokuchitha iifilimu ezindala:
Indlela yomoya oshushu, le ndlela yindlela eqhelekileyo, esetyenziselwa iibhodi ezicocekileyo nezicocekileyo, ngakumbi iibhodi ze-SMD ezibaluleke ngakumbi.
Indlela "yokuqhotsa", oku kuyinyani ngokwenene. Sebenzisa ioli ye-mineral ebilayo kakhulu ukuze "uqhotse". Iibhodi zenkunkuma ezindala kakhulu okanye ezimdaka zihlala zisebenzisa le ndlela.
Inkunkuma eveliswa kwinkqubo yokwahlula kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kwefilimu endala iya kungcolisa ngokunzulu imo engqongileyo ukuba ayiphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ixabiso "lokulahla ngokufanelekileyo" liya kuba phezulu kunengeniso epheleleyo yokubuyisela.
Ke ngoko, ezinye iinkampani kumazwe aphuhlileyo zingathanda ukuchitha imali kwaye zithumele imithwalo "yokuthumela" inkunkuma ye-elektroniki e-China nakwamanye amazwe akuMzantsi Asia kunokuyilahla ngokwawo. Umahluko wexabiso phakathi kweetshiphusi ezindala kunye nezintsha ukude ekubuyiseleni ilahleko yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo!
Amashishini amaninzi kwimarike yombane ahlala echaza iimpahla ezihlaziyiweyo njengempahla entsha eninzi, efuna ukugcina amehlo evulekile kwaye ethembele kwizakhono ezincinci zokuzahlula.
3. Umahluko phakathi kweempahla ezintsha ezininzi kunye neempahla ezihlaziyiweyo
Umgangatho wempahla eninzi ngokwenene unokuqinisekiswa.
Iimveliso ezineziphene ziya kwahluka kwiimveliso zangaphambili ngokwezinga le-scrap kunye nokuzinza. Ngenxa yokuba ezi ntlobo zimbini zeemveliso zintsha, kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula.
Iimpahla ezihlaziyiweyo ziyingozi ngakumbi. Isenokuba ithengisa inyama yenja. Zibukeka zifana, kodwa eneneni, zinemisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Ngoko ke, okona kulungileyo ukuba uphephe iimpahla ezintsha ezininzi, ngaphandle kokuba uthenge ngesiseko seziqinisekiso ezithile.