Ukungaphumeleli okubangelwa umonakalo we-capacitor kuphezulu kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, kwaye umonakalo kwi-electrolytic capacitors iyona nto ixhaphake kakhulu. Ukusebenza komonakalo we-capacitor ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Umthamo uba mncinci; 2. Ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwamandla; 3. Ukuvuza; 4. Isiphaluka esifutshane.

I-Capacitors idlala indima eyahlukileyo kwisekethe, kwaye iimpazamo ezibangelayo zineempawu zazo. Kwiibhodi zeesekethe zolawulo lwemizi-mveliso, iisekethe zedijithali ze-akhawunti yobuninzi, kwaye ii-capacitors zisetyenziselwa ukucoca umbane, kwaye i-capacitors encinci isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa umqondiso kunye neesekethe ze-oscillation. Ukuba i-capacitor ye-electrolytic esetyenzisiweyo ekutshintsheni ukunikezelwa kwamandla yonakaliswe, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha angeke kungcangcazele, kwaye akukho mveliso yombane; okanye i-voltage ephumayo ayihluzwanga kakuhle, kwaye isiphaluka sinesiphithiphithi ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yokungazinzi kombane, obonisa ukuba umatshini usebenza kakuhle okanye uphukile Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umatshini, ukuba i-capacitor ixhunyiwe phakathi kweepali ezilungileyo nezimbi zonikezelo lwamandla. yesekethe yedijithali, impazamo iya kufana nalapha ngasentla.

Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kwiibhodi zekhompyuter. Iikhompyuter ezininzi ngamanye amaxesha ziyasilela ukuvula emva kweminyaka embalwa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvulwa. Vula imeko, ungabona rhoqo isenzeko se-electrolytic capacitors bulging, ukuba ususa i-capacitors ukulinganisa umthamo , Ifunyenwe iphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso langempela.

Ubomi be-capacitor buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobushushu be-ambient. Ukuphakama kobushushu be-ambient, bufutshane ubomi be-capacitor. Lo mgaqo awusebenzi kuphela kwi-electrolytic capacitors, kodwa nakwamanye ama-capacitors. Ngoko ke, xa ukhangele i-capacitors ephosakeleyo, kufuneka ugxininise ekuhloleni i-capacitors esondeleyo kumthombo wokushisa, njengama-capacitors ecaleni kwe-heat sink kunye namacandelo anamandla aphezulu. Okukhona ukufutshane, kokukhona ukwenzeka komonakalo.

Ndilulungisile umbane weX-reyi detector. Umsebenzisi uxele ukuba umsi uphume kumandla ombane. Emva kokuqhaqha ityala, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho i-1000uF / 350V enkulu ye-capacitor enezinto ezinamafutha aphumayo. Susa ubungakanani obuthile bomthamo Kumashumi kuphela e-uF, kwaye kufunyenwe ukuba kuphela le capacitor iyona isondele kakhulu kwi-heat sink yebhulorho yokulungisa, kwaye ezinye ezikude zihambelana nomthamo oqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, i-ceramic capacitors yayiyi-short-circuited, kwaye i-capacitors nayo ifunyenwe ngokusondeleyo kumacandelo okufudumala. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho ugxininiso oluthile xa kuhlolwa kwaye kulungiswa.

Ezinye ii-capacitors zinokuvuza okukhulu ngoku, kwaye zitshise izandla zakho xa zichukunyiswe ngeminwe yakho. Olu hlobo lwe-capacitor kufuneka lutshintshwe.
Kwimeko ye-ups and downs ngexesha lokugcinwa, ngaphandle kokuba kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa kakubi, uninzi lweentsilelo ngokuqhelekileyo zibangelwa ngumonakalo we-capacitor. Ngoko ke, xa uhlangabezana nokungaphumeleli okunjalo, unokugxila ekujongeni i-capacitors. Emva kokutshintsha i-capacitors, kudla ngokumangalisa (ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka uphinde ubeke ingqalelo kumgangatho we-capacitors, kwaye ukhethe uphawu olungcono, olufana neRuby, i-Black Diamond, njl.).

1. Iimpawu kunye nesigwebo somonakalo wokuchasana

Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala ukuba abaninzi abaqalayo baphosa ukuchasana ngelixa belungisa isiphaluka, kwaye ichithwa kwaye i-welded. Enyanisweni, iye yalungiswa kakhulu. Logama nje uqonda iimpawu zomonakalo wokuchasa, awudingi kuchitha ixesha elininzi.

Ukuchasana lelona candelo lininzi kwizixhobo zombane, kodwa akusiyo icandelo elinomlinganiselo ophezulu womonakalo. Isekethe evulekileyo yolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomonakalo wokuchasana. Kunqabile ukuba ixabiso lokumelana libe likhulu, kwaye ixabiso lokumelana liba lincinci. Eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-carbon film resistors, i-resistors yefilimu yesinyithi, i-resistors yenxeba yocingo kunye ne-inshurensi yomshuwalense.

Iindidi ezimbini zokuqala zokuxhathisa zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Enye yeempawu zomonakalo wabo kukuba izinga lomonakalo wokuchasana okuphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-100Ω) kunye nokuchasana okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-100kΩ) kuphezulu, kunye nexabiso eliphakathi lokumelana (njengamakhulu ohms ukuya kumashumi e-kiloohms) Umonakalo omncinci kakhulu; Okwesibini, xa i-resistant-resistant-resistant zonakaliswe, zihlala zitshiswa kwaye zimnyama, ekulula ukuzifumana, ngelixa i-resistant-resistant-resistant-resistant inqabile.

Izichasi zeWirewound zihlala zisetyenziselwa umda ophezulu wangoku, kwaye ukuchasana akukhulu. Xa i-cylindrical wire resistors itshisa, ezinye ziya kuba mnyama okanye umphezulu uya kugqabhuka okanye uqhekeke, kwaye ezinye aziyi kuba nazikhondo. Izichasi zesamente luhlobo lwezixhasi zenxeba zocingo, ezinokuphuka xa zitshisiwe, ngaphandle koko akuyi kubakho zimpawu ezibonakalayo. Xa i-resistor ye-fuse ivutha, iqhekeza lesikhumba liya kuvuthelwa kwiindawo ezithile, kwaye ezinye azinamkhondo, kodwa aziyi kutshisa okanye zibe mnyama. Ngokwezi mpawu zingentla, unokugxila ekujongeni ukuchasana kwaye ufumane ngokukhawuleza ukuchasana okonakele.

Ngokweempawu ezidweliswe apha ngasentla, sinokuqala sijonge ukuba ngaba i-resistors ephantsi kwibhodi yesekethe itshise amanqaku amnyama, kwaye ke ngokweempawu uninzi lwabaxhathisi bavulekileyo okanye ukuxhathisa kuba kukhulu kunye ne-resistance ephezulu. zonakaliswa ngokulula. Singasebenzisa i-multimeter ukulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuchasana kuzo zombini iziphelo ze-resistance high-resistance kwibhodi yesiphaluka. Ukuba ukuchasana okulinganisiweyo kukhulu kunokuxhatshazwa okuqhelekileyo, ukuchasana kufuneka konakaliswe (qaphela ukuba ukuchasana kuzinzile phambi komboniso Ekuqukumbeleni, kuba kunokubakho izinto ezihambelanayo ze-capacitive kwisiphaluka, kukho ukuhlawulwa kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha), ukuba ukuchasana okulinganisiweyo kuncinci kunokuxhatshazwa okuqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuhoywa. Ngale ndlela, konke ukuchasana kwibhodi yesiphaluka kulinganiswa kwakhona, nokuba iwaka "libulewe ngokungalunganga", umntu akayi kuphoswa.

Okwesibini, indlela yokugweba yeamplifier yokusebenza

Kunzima ukugweba umgangatho we-amplifiers zokusebenza kubalungisi abaninzi be-elektroniki, kungekhona kuphela inqanaba lemfundo (kukho abaninzi abafundi be-undergraduates, ukuba awufundisi, ngokuqinisekileyo abayi, kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuqonda, kukho. ekhethekileyo Kukwanjalo nakubafundi abanezidanga abahlohli abafunda ulawulo lwe-inverter!), Ndingathanda ukuxoxa nawe apha, kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba kuya kuba luncedo kuye wonke umntu.

I-amplifier efanelekileyo yokusebenza ineempawu "ze-virtual short" kunye "nekhefu elichanekileyo", ezi mpawu zimbini ziluncedo kakhulu ekuhlalutyeni isekethe yeamplifier yokusebenza yesicelo somgca. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe usetyenziso lomgca, i-op amp kufuneka isebenze kwi-loop evaliweyo (ingxelo embi). Ukuba akukho ngxelo ingalunganga, i-op amp phantsi kolwandiso oluvulekileyo lwe-loop iba ngumthelekisi. Ukuba ufuna ukugweba umgangatho wesixhobo, kufuneka uqale ukwahlula ukuba isixhobo sisetyenziswe njenge-amplifier okanye umqhathanisi kwisekethe.