I-PCB epheleleyo esiyibonayo idla ngokumila kuxande. Nangona uninzi loyilo lwenene luxande, uyilo oluninzi lufuna iibhodi zeesekethe ezinokwakheka ngokungaqhelekanga, kwaye iimilo ezinjalo zihlala zingabilula ukuyila. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela yokuyila ii-PCB ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Kule mihla, ubukhulu bePCB buhlala buncipha, kwaye imisebenzi kwibhodi yesekethe nayo iyanda. Xa kudityaniswa nokunyuka kwesantya sewotshi, uyilo luba nzima ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ngoko ke, makhe sijonge indlela yokujongana neebhodi zeesekethe ezinemilo enzima ngakumbi.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Figure 1, i-shape yebhodi ye-PCI elula ingadalwa ngokulula kwii-EDA ezininzi ze-Layout izixhobo.
Nangona kunjalo, xa imilo yebhodi yesekethe kufuneka iguqulelwe kwindawo ebiyelweyo enzima enezithintelo zobude, akulula kangako kubayili bePCB, kuba imisebenzi kwezi zixhobo ayifani naleyo yeenkqubo zeCAD zoomatshini. Ibhodi yesekethe eyinkimbinkimbi eboniswe kwi-Figure 2 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezivaliweyo zokuqhuma kwaye ngoko ke ixhomekeke kwimida emininzi yomatshini. Ukwakha kwakhona olu lwazi kwisixhobo se-EDA kunokuthatha ixesha elide kwaye akusebenzi. Kuba, iinjineli zoomatshini kusenokwenzeka ukuba zidale indawo ebiyelweyo, imilo yebhodi yesekethe, indawo yokufaka umngxuma, kunye nezithintelo zobude ezifunwa ngumyili wePCB.
Ngenxa ye-arc kunye ne-radius kwibhodi yesiphaluka, ixesha lokwakhiwa kwakhona lingaba lide kunokuba lilindeleke nokuba imo yebhodi yesiphaluka ayinzima (njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3).
Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeemilo zebhodi yesekethe ezintsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje, uya kumangaliswa ukufumanisa ukuba ezininzi iiprojekthi zizama ukongeza yonke imisebenzi kwiphakheji encinci, kwaye le phakheji ayisoloko ixande. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngee-smartphones kunye neetafile kuqala, kodwa kukho imizekelo emininzi efanayo.
Ukuba ubuyisela imoto eqeshiweyo, usenokukwazi ukubona uweyitala efunda iinkcukacha zemoto ngeskena esiphathwa ngesandla, emva koko unxibelelane neofisi ngaphandle kwamacingo. Isixhobo sikwaqhagamshelwe kumshicileli we-thermal ukwenzela ushicilelo olukhawulezileyo lwerisithi. Enyanisweni, zonke ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa iibhodi zesekethe eziqinileyo / eziguquguqukayo (Umfanekiso we-4), apho iibhodi zesekethe ze-PCB zendabuko zidibene kunye neesekethe eziprintiweyo eziguquguqukayo ukwenzela ukuba zifakwe kwindawo encinci.
Ke, umbuzo ngulo "uyingenisa njani ubuchwephesha obuchaziweyo bobunjineli kwizixhobo zoyilo zePCB?" Ukusebenzisa le datha kwimizobo yomatshini kunokuphelisa ukuphindaphinda komsebenzi, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphelisa iimpazamo zabantu.
Singasebenzisa i-DXF, i-IDF okanye ifomathi ye-ProSTEP ukungenisa lonke ulwazi kwi-software ye-PCB yoYilo ukusombulula le ngxaki. Ukwenjenjalo kunokonga ixesha elininzi kuze kuphelise iimpazamo ezenziwa ngabantu. Okulandelayo, siza kufunda malunga nezi fomati nganye nganye.
I-DXF yeyona fomati indala kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu, etshintshisa ubukhulu becala idatha phakathi komatshini kunye noyilo lwedomeyini yoyilo lwePCB ngombane. I-AutoCAD yaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kwe-1980s. Le fomati isetyenziswa ikakhulu kutshintshiselwano lwedatha enamacala amabini. Uninzi lwabathengisi besixhobo sePCB bayayixhasa le fomati, kwaye yenza lula utshintshiselwano lwedatha. I-DXF yokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle idinga imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo yokulawula iileyile, amacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye neeyunithi eziza kusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokutshintshiselana. Umzobo wesi-5 ngumzekelo wokusebenzisa isixhobo se-Mentor Graphics' PADS ukungenisa imilo yebhodi yesekethe entsonkothileyo kwifomathi yeDXF:
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, imisebenzi ye-3D yaqala ukubonakala kwizixhobo ze-PCB, ngoko ke ifomathi enokudlulisa idatha ye-3D phakathi koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ze-PCB iyafuneka. Ngenxa yoko, iMentor Graphics iphuhlise ifomathi ye-IDF, eyathi ke yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukudlulisa ibhodi yesekethe kunye nolwazi lwecandelo phakathi kweePCB kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini.
Nangona ifomathi ye-DXF ibandakanya ubungakanani bebhodi kunye nobukhulu, ifomathi ye-IDF isebenzisa i-X kunye ne-Y isikhundla secandelo, inombolo yecandelo, kunye nokuphakama kwe-Z-axis yecandelo. Le fomati iphucula kakhulu ukukwazi ukubona iPCB kumbono omacala amathathu. Ifayile ye-IDF inokubandakanya nolunye ulwazi malunga nommandla othintelweyo, njengezithintelo zokuphakama phezulu nasezantsi kwebhodi yesekethe.
Inkqubo kufuneka ikwazi ukulawula umxholo oqulethwe kwifayile ye-IDF ngendlela efanayo kwi-DXF yokucwangcisa ipharamitha, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 6. Ukuba amanye amacandelo angenalo ulwazi lobude, ukuthumela ngaphandle kwe-IDF kunokongeza ulwazi olulahlekileyo ngexesha lokudala. inkqubo.
Enye inzuzo yojongano lwe-IDF kukuba naliphi na iqela linokuhambisa amacandelo kwindawo entsha okanye litshintshe imilo yebhodi, kwaye emva koko lenze ifayile yeIDF eyahlukileyo. Ukungalungi kwale ndlela kukuba yonke ifayile emele ibhodi kunye neenguqu zecandelo kufuneka zifakwe ngaphandle, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, kunokuthatha ixesha elide ngenxa yobukhulu befayile. Ukongezelela, kunzima ukucacisa ukuba zeziphi iinguqu ezenziwe ngefayile entsha ye-IDF, ngakumbi kwiibhodi zeesekethe ezinkulu. Abasebenzisi be-IDF banokugqiba ukwenza izikripthi zesiko ukumisela olu tshintsho.
Ukuze udlulise ngcono idatha ye-3D, abaqulunqi bafuna indlela ephuculweyo, kwaye i-STEP ifomathi yenzeke. I-STEP ifomathi inokudlulisa ubungakanani bebhodi kunye noyilo lwecandelo, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, icandelo alisekho imilo elula enexabiso lokuphakama kuphela. Imodeli yecandelo le-STEP ibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezicacileyo nezintsonkothileyo zokumelwa kwamacandelo ngokwemo ye-three-dimensional. Zombini ibhodi yesekethe kunye nolwazi lwecandelo linokudluliselwa phakathi kwePCB kunye noomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, akukabikho ndlela yokulandelela utshintsho.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukutshintshiselwa kweefayile ze-STEP, sazisa ifomathi yeProSTEP. Le fomati inokuhambisa idatha efanayo ne-IDF kunye ne-STEP, kwaye inophuculo olukhulu-inokulandelela utshintsho, kwaye inokubonelela ngekhono lokusebenza kwinkqubo yokuqala yesifundo kunye nokuphonononga naluphi na utshintsho emva kokuseka isiseko. Ukongeza kutshintsho lokujonga, iPCB kunye neenjineli zoomatshini zinokuvuma zonke okanye iinguqu zecandelo lomntu ngamnye kubume kunye nohlengahlengiso lwemilo yebhodi. Basenokucebisa ubungakanani bebhodi obahlukeneyo okanye iindawo zamacandelo. Olu nxibelelwano luphuculweyo luseka i-ECO (uMyalelo woTshintsho lobuNjineli) engazange ibekho ngaphambili phakathi kwe-ECAD kunye neqela lomatshini (Umfanekiso 7).
Namhlanje, uninzi lwe-ECAD kunye neenkqubo ze-CAD ze-mechanical zixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwefomathi ye-ProSTEP ukuphucula unxibelelwano, ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe ixesha elininzi kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo ezibizayo ezinokubangelwa yi-electromechanical designs. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, iinjineli zinokwenza imilo yebhodi yesekethe entsonkothileyo enezithintelo ezongezelelweyo, kwaye emva koko isasaze olu lwazi nge-elektroniki ukunqanda umntu ophinda atolike ngokungalunganga ubungakanani bebhodi, ngaloo ndlela onge ixesha.
Ukuba awuzisebenzisanga ezi fomati zedatha zeDXF, IDF, STEP okanye ProSTEP ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, kufuneka ujonge ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Cinga ngokusebenzisa olu tshintshiselwano lwedatha ye-elektroniki ukuyeka ukuchitha ixesha ukwenza kwakhona iimilo zebhodi yesekethe enzima.