Uyilo lwe-PCB ye-multilayer (ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo) ingaba nzima kakhulu. Inyaniso yokuba uyilo luze lufune ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho engaphezu kwembini ithetha ukuba inani elifunekayo leesekethe aliyi kukwazi ukufakwa kuphela kwiindawo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi. Naxa isekethe ingena kumaleko amabini angaphandle, umyili we-PCB unokugqiba ukongeza amandla kunye neengqimba zomhlaba ngaphakathi ukulungisa iziphene zokusebenza.
Ukusuka kwimiba ye-thermal ukuya kwimiba ye-EMI (i-Electromagnetic Interference) okanye i-ESD (i-Electrostatic Discharge), kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezinokukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwesekethe encinci kwaye kufuneka isonjululwe kwaye isuswe. Nangona kunjalo, nangona umsebenzi wakho wokuqala njengomyili kukulungisa iingxaki zombane, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuba ungawuhoyi ukwakheka kwebhodi yesekethe. Iibhodi ezisebenza ngombane zisenokugoba okanye zijije, zenze ukuba ukudityaniswa kube nzima okanye kungenzeki. Ngethamsanqa, uqwalaselo kuqwalaselo lomzimba lwe-PCB ngexesha lomjikelo woyilo luya kunciphisa iingxaki zendibano ezizayo. Ibhalansi ye-Layer-to-layer ngomnye wemiba ephambili yebhodi yesekethe ezinzileyo ngomatshini.
01
Ukupakishwa kwe-PCB elinganayo
I-stacking elinganayo yi-stack apho i-layer surface kunye ne-cross-sectional structure yebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo zombini i-symmetrical ngokufanelekileyo. Injongo kukuphelisa imimandla enokuthi ikhubazeke xa iphantsi koxinzelelo ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, ngakumbi ngexesha lesigaba sokulala. Xa ibhodi yesiphaluka inesiphene, kuba nzima ukuyibeka phantsi ukuze idibane. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwiibhodi zeesekethe eziza kuhlanganiswa kwi-automated surface mount kunye nemigca yokubeka. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuguqulwa kunokuthintela ukuhlanganisana kwe-PCBA edibeneyo (indibano yebhodi yesiphaluka eprintiweyo) kwimveliso yokugqibela.
Imigangatho yokuhlola ye-IPC kufuneka ithintele ezona bhodi zigobe kakhulu ukuba zifikelele kwisixhobo sakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inkqubo yomenzi we-PCB ayiphumeli ngokupheleleyo kulawulo, ngoko ke unobangela wokugoba okuninzi kusanxulumene noyilo. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge ngocoselelo uyilo lwePCB kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko phambi kokubeka iodolo yakho yokuqala yomfuziselo. Oku kunokuthintela isivuno esibi.
02
Icandelo lebhodi yesekethe
Isizathu esiqhelekileyo esinxulumene noyilo kukuba ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ayiyi kukwazi ukufikelela kwi-flatness eyamkelekileyo kuba isakhiwo sayo se-cross-sectional si-asymmetric malunga neziko layo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-8-layer design isebenzisa i-4 ye-signal layers okanye i-copper phezu kweziko igubungela iindiza zasekuhlaleni ezincinci kunye neenqwelomoya ezi-4 eziqinileyo ngezantsi, uxinzelelo kwelinye icala le-stack isalamane kwelinye linokubangela emva kokuqhawula, xa izinto eziphathekayo zihamba. i-laminated ngokufudumeza kunye nokucinezela, i-laminate yonke iya kuphazamiseka.
Ngoko ke, kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokuyila i-stack ukwenzela ukuba uhlobo lwe-copper layer (indiza okanye isignali) ibonakaliswe ngokubhekiselele kwiziko. Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi, iintlobo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi zihambelana, i-L2-L7, i-L3-L6 kunye ne-L4-L5 ihambelana. Mhlawumbi ukugqunywa kobhedu kuzo zonke iileya zemiqondiso kuyathelekiseka, ngelixa umaleko weplani ubukhulu becala wenziwe ngobhedu oluluqilima. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo, ke ibhodi yesiphaluka inethuba elihle lokugqiba i-flat flat, i-flat surface, efanelekileyo kwindibano ezenzekelayo.
03
PCB umaleko dielectric ubukhulu
Kukwangumkhwa olungileyo wokulinganisa ubukhulu bomgca we-dielectric we-stack yonke. Ngokufanelekileyo, ubukhulu bomaleko ngamnye we-dielectric kufuneka buboniswe ngendlela efanayo njengoko uhlobo lomaleko luboniswa.
Xa ubukhulu buhlukile, kunokuba nzima ukufumana iqela lezinto ekulula ukulenza. Ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yeempawu ezinjengomkhondo we-eriyali, ukupakishwa kwe-asymmetric kunokungaphepheki, kuba umgama omkhulu kakhulu phakathi komkhondo we-eriyali kunye nenqwelomoya yayo yokukhangela unokufuneka, kodwa nceda uqiniseke ukuba uphonononga kwaye ukhuphe konke ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke. Olunye ukhetho. Xa kufuneka isithuba se-dielectric esingalinganiyo, uninzi lwabavelisi baya kucela ukuphumla okanye ukulahla ngokupheleleyo ukunyamezela kunye nokujija, kwaye ukuba abanako ukunikezela, banokuyeka umsebenzi. Abafuni ukwakha kwakhona iibhetshi ezininzi ezibizayo kunye nezivuno eziphantsi, kwaye ke ekugqibeleni bafumane iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana nobungakanani bomyalelo wokuqala.
04
PCB ubunzima ingxaki
Izaphetha kunye nokujija zezona ngxaki ziqhelekileyo zomgangatho. Xa isitaki sakho singalungelelananga, kukho enye imeko ethi ngamanye amaxesha ibangele impikiswano kuhlolo lokugqibela-ubukhulu bePCB ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwibhodi yesekethe iya kutshintsha. Le meko ibangelwa luyilo olubonakala luncinci kwaye ayiqhelekanga, kodwa inokwenzeka ukuba uyilo lwakho luhlala lunokhuselo olungalinganiyo lobhedu kumaleko amaninzi kwindawo enye. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakala kwiibhodi ezisebenzisa ubuncinane ii-ounces ezi-2 zobhedu kunye nenani eliphezulu leengqimba. Okwenzekileyo kukuba enye indawo yebhodi yayinomlinganiselo omkhulu wendawo yobhedu, ngelixa enye inxalenye yayingenalo ubhedu. Xa ezi maleko zilaminethiwe kunye, icala eliqulathe ubhedu licinezelwa ukuya kutsho kubunzima, ngelixa icala elingenakopolo okanye elingenakopolo licinezelwa phantsi.
Uninzi lweebhodi zeesekethe ezisebenzisa isiqingatha se-ounce okanye i-1 ounce yobhedu aziyi kuchaphazeleka kakhulu, kodwa ubunzima bobhedu, ukulahleka okukhulu kobunzima. Umzekelo, ukuba unamaleko asi-8 ee-ounces ezi-3 zobhedu, iindawo ezinekhava yobhedu ekhaphukhaphu zinokuwela ngokulula ngaphantsi kokunyamezela ukutyeba. Ukuthintela oku kungenzeki, qiniseka ukuba uthele ubhedu ngokulinganayo kwindawo yonke yomaleko. Ukuba oku akwenzeki kuqwalaselo lombane okanye ubunzima, okungenani yongeza ezinye ezicakwe kwimingxuma ekumaleko wobhedu okhanyayo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ubandakanya iipadi zemingxuma kumaleko ngamnye. Ezi zakhiwo zomngxuma / iipadi ziya kubonelela ngenkxaso yomatshini kwi-Y axis, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ilahleko yobunzima.
05
Ukuncama impumelelo
Naxa uyila kwaye ubeka ii-PCB ezinomaleko amaninzi, kuya kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ekusebenzeni kombane kunye nokwakheka komzimba, nokuba ufuna ukuthomalalisa le miba mibini ukufezekisa uyilo olusebenzayo nolwenziwayo ngokubanzi. Xa ulinganisa iinketho ezahlukeneyo, khumbula ukuba ukuba kunzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukuzalisa inxalenye ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwesaphetha kunye neefom ezijijekileyo, idizayini eneempawu zombane ezigqibeleleyo ayisebenzi kangako. Ukulinganisela i-stack kwaye ubeke ingqalelo ekuhanjisweni kobhedu kwinqanaba ngalinye. La manyathelo anyusa amathuba okuba ekugqibeleni ufumane ibhodi yesekethe ekulula ukuyihlanganisa kunye nokuyifaka.