Ukuvela kweePCB ezinamaleko amaninzi
Ngokwembali, iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo zaziphawulwa ngokuyintloko ngolwakhiwo lwazo olunye okanye olunamaleko aphindwe kabini, olubeke imiqobo ekulufanelekeni kwabo usetyenziso lwe-frequency ephezulu ngenxa yokuwohloka komqondiso kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Nangona kunjalo, ukwaziswa kweebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezinamaleko amaninzi kukhokelele kwinkqubela phambili ephawulekayo kwimfezeko yesignali, ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMI) kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi.
Ii-PCBs ezinolwaleko oluninzi (Umfanekiso 1) uqulathe iileya ezininzi zokuqhuba ezahlulwe ngee-substrates ezikhuselayo. Olu luyilo luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso kunye neenqwelomoya zamandla ngendlela entsonkothileyo.
Iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezininzi (ii-PCB) zohlulwe kuluhlu lwazo olulodwa okanye oluphindwe kabini ngobukho bemigangatho emithathu okanye ngaphezulu yokuqhuba eyohlulwe ngezinto ezikhuselayo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziileyile zedielectric. Ukudityaniswa kwezi maleko kuququzelelwa yi-vias, ezipaseji ezincinci eziqhubayo eziququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaleya ahlukeneyo. Uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lweePCB ezinamaleko amaninzi lwenza ukuba kugxininiswe ngakumbi kumacandelo kunye neesekethe ezintsonkothileyo, zibenze zibaluleke kakhulu kubuchwephesha bemeko yobugcisa.
Ii-PCB ezininzi ze-Multilayer zikholisa ukubonisa iqondo eliphezulu lobungqongqo ngenxa yomceli mngeni okhoyo wokufezekisa iileya ezininzi ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo lwePCB olubhetyebhetye. Ukudityaniswa kombane phakathi kweeleya kusekwe ngokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezininzi ze-vias (umzobo 2), kubandakanywa ii-vias ezingaboniyo nezingcwatywayo.
Uqwalaselo lubandakanya ukubekwa kweeleya ezimbini kumphezulu ukuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB) kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle. Ngokubanzi, ukuxinana kweeleya kwiibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCBs) zilinganayo. Oku kuqala ngenxa yokuba buthathaka kwamanani angaqhelekanga kwimiba efana ne-warping.
Inani leeleya ngokuqhelekileyo liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile, ngokuqhelekileyo iwela phakathi koluhlu lweeleya ezine ukuya kwishumi elinesibini.
Ngokwesiqhelo, uninzi lwezicelo lufuna ubuncinci obune kunye nobuninzi beeleya ezisibhozo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-apps ezinje ngee-smartphones ikakhulu zisebenzisa iileya ezilishumi elinambini.
Usetyenziso oluphambili
Ii-PCB ezinomaleko amaninzi zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zombane (Umfanekiso 3), kuquka:
● I-electronics yabathengi, apho ii-PCB ezinomaleko amaninzi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo enika amandla ayimfuneko kunye nemiqondiso yoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezinjengee-smartphones, iitafile, izixhobo zokudlala, kunye nezixhobo ezinxitywayo. Ii-elektroniki ezithambileyo neziphathwayo esixhomekeke kuzo mihla le zibalelwa kuyilo lwazo oludityanisiweyo kunye nokuxinana okuphezulu kwecandelo.
● Kwinkalo yonxibelelwano ngefowuni, ukusetyenziswa kweePCB ezinamaleko amaninzi kunceda ukuhanjiswa kwelizwi, idatha, kunye nemiqondiso yevidiyo kuzo zonke iinethiwekhi, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekisa unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo nolusebenzayo.
● Iinkqubo zolawulo lwamashishini zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo ezininzi (iiPCBs) ngenxa yesakhono sazo sokulawula ngokufanelekileyo iinkqubo zolawulo ezintsonkothileyo, iindlela zokubeka iliso, kunye neenkqubo zokuzisebenzela. Iiphaneli zokulawula oomatshini, iirobhothi, kunye ne-automation ye-industrial zixhomekeke kuzo njengenkqubo yazo yenkxaso esisiseko
● Ii-PCB ezinomaleko amaninzi zikwafanelekile kwizixhobo zonyango, njengoko zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka, ukuthembeka, kunye nokubumbana. Izixhobo zokuxilonga, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kwizigulane, kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezisindisa ubomi ziphenjelelwa kakhulu yindima yazo ebalulekileyo.
Iingenelo kunye neengenelo
IiPCB ezinomaleko amaninzi zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kunye neengenelo kwizicelo ezisebenza rhoqo, kubandakanya:
● Ukunyaniseka komqondiso ophuculweyo: Ii-PCB ezinamanqanaba amaninzi ziququzelela ukulawulwa kwe-impedance routing, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kweempawu eziphezulu ze-frequency. Ukuphazamiseka komqondiso osezantsi weebhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo ezininzi zikhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo, isantya, kunye nokuthembeka.
● Ukunciphisa i-EMI: Ngokusebenzisa umhlaba ozinikeleyo kunye neenqwelomoya zombane, ii-PCB ezinamaleko amaninzi zicinezela i-EMI, ngaloo ndlela ziphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwiisekethe ezingabamelwane.
● I-Compact Design: Ngokukwazi ukulungiselela amacandelo amaninzi kunye nezikimu zendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ii-PCB ezinamaleko amaninzi zenza i-compact design, ibalulekile kwizicelo ezixinzelelekileyo ezifana nezixhobo eziphathwayo kunye neenkqubo ze-aerospace.
● Ulawulo oluphuculweyo lwe-Thermal: Ii-PCB ezinama-multi-layered zinika ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu ngokufanelekileyo ngokudityaniswa kwe-vias ye-thermal kunye neengqimba zobhedu ezibekwe ngobuchule, ziphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokuphila kwamacandelo anamandla aphezulu.
● I-Design Flexibility: Ukuguquguquka kwee-PCB ezinamanqwanqwa amaninzi kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo, okwenza ukuba iinjineli ziphucule iiparitha zokusebenza ezifana nokuhambelana kwe-impedance, ukulibaziseka kokusasazwa komqondiso, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla.